ASTM A962 A962M-2009 Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Fasteners or Fastener Materials or Both Intended for Use at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the Cree.pdf

1、Designation: A 962/A 962M 09Standard Specification forCommon Requirements for Steel Fasteners or FastenerMaterials, or Both, Intended for Use at Any Temperaturefrom Cryogenic to the Creep Range1This standard is issued under the fixed designationA 962/A 962M; the number immediately following the desi

2、gnation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers a g

3、roup of common require-ments that shall apply to carbon, alloy and stainless steelfasteners or fastener materials, or both, under any of thefollowing ASTM Specifications (or under any other ASTMSpecifications that invoke this specification or portionsthereof):Title of Specifications ASTM Designation

4、Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materialsfor High-Temperature ServiceA 193/A 193MCarbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts for HighPressure and High-Temperature ServiceA 194/A 194MAlloy Steel Bolting Materials for Low-TemperatureServiceA 320/A 320MAlloy-Steel Turbine-Type Bolting MaterialSpecial

5、ly Heat Treated for High-TemperatureServiceA 437/A 437MHigh-Temperature Bolting Materials With ExpansionCoefficients Comparable to Austenitic StainlessSteelsA 453/A 453MAlloy-Steel Bolting Materials for Special Applications A 540/A 540MPrecipitation-Hardening Bolting Material (UNSN07718) for High Te

6、mperature ServiceA 1014/A 1014M1.2 In case of conflict the requirements of the individualproduct specification shall prevail over those of this specifica-tion.1.3 Additional requirements may be specified by mutualagreement between the purchaser and supplier.1.4 Supplementary requirements are provide

7、d for use at theoption of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements onlyapply when specified individually by the purchaser in thepurchase order or contract.1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound unitsand in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contractspecifies the app

8、licable “M” specification designation (SIunits) the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated ineither inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately asstandard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents;therefore, each

9、 system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon-formance with the specification.2. Referenced DocumentsThe following documents shall form a part of this specifi-cation to the extent specified. The latest issue shall apply unlessotherwise sp

10、ecified.2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 29/A 29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon andAlloy,Hot-Wrought, General Requirements forA 193/A 193M Specification for Alloy-Steel and StainlessSteel Bolting Materials for High Temperature or HighPressure Service and Other Special Purpose ApplicationsA 194/A 194M Sp

11、ecification for Carbon and Alloy SteelNuts for Bolts for High Pressure or High TemperatureService, or BothA 320/A 320M Specification for Alloy-Steel and StainlessSteel Bolting Materials for Low-Temperature ServiceA 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 437/A 437M

12、Specification for Alloy-Steel Turbine-TypeBolting Material Specially Heat Treated for High-Temperature ServiceA 453/A 453M Specification for High-Temperature BoltingMaterials, with Expansion Coefficients Comparable toAustenitic Stainless SteelsA 484/A 484M Specification for General Requirements forS

13、tainless Steel Bars, Billets, and ForgingsA 540/A 540M Specification for Alloy-Steel Bolting Mate-rials for Special ApplicationsA 574 Specification for Alloy Steel Socket-Head CapScrewsA 700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and LoadingMethods for Steel Products for ShipmentA 751 Test Methods, Pract

14、ices, and Terminology forChemical Analysis of Steel Products1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Boltin

15、gMaterials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved May 1, 2009. Published May 2009. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as A 962/A 962M 07b.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Servic

16、e at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-

17、2959, United States.A 788/A 788M Specification for Steel Forgings, GeneralRequirementsA 941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Re-lated Alloys, and FerroalloysA 1014/A 1014M Specification for Precipitation-HardeningBolting Material (UNS N07718) for High TemperatureServiceE3 Guide for Pr

18、eparation of Metallographic SpecimensE 381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets,Blooms, and ForgingsE 384 Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Ma-terialsE 1417 Practice for Liquid Penetrant TestingE 1444 Practice for Magnetic Particle TestingE 1916 Guide for Identification and/or

19、Segregation ofMixed Lots of MetalsF 788/F 788M Specification for Surface Discontinuities ofBolts, Screws, and Studs, Inch and Metric Series2.2 ANSI Standards:B1.1 Screw Threads3B1.13M Metric Screw Threads M Profile3B1.2 Gages and Gaging for Unified Screw Threads3B1.3M Screw Thread Gaging Systems for

20、 DimensionalAcceptability of Metric Screw Threads3B18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws3B18.2.3.6M Metric Heavy BoltsB18.3 Hexagon Socket and Spline Socket Screws32.3 Other Documents:ASNT Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A43. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 bara

21、 solid rolled or forged section that is long inrelationship to its cross-sectional dimensions with a relativelyconstant cross section throughout its length. See SpecificationA 29/A 29M for definitions relating to the production of hotwrought and cold finished bars.3.1.2 certifying organizationthe co

22、mpany or associationresponsible for the conformance and marking of the product tothe specification requirements.3.1.3 classa term used to differentiate between differentheat treatment conditions or strength levels, or both, oftenwithin the same grade but sometimes within the same family ofmaterials.

23、 May also apply to work hardened condition orstrength level, or both.3.1.4 fastener materialrolled or forged bars or blanks,wire, rod, threaded bar, rotary pierced or extruded seamlesstubes, bored bars, or forged hollows from forged or rolled barsegments to be manufactured into bolts, screws, studs,

24、 washers,and nuts.3.1.5 gradean alloy described individually and identifiedby its own designation in a table of chemical requirementswithin any specification.3.1.6 length, fasteners subject to full size testingthatportion of the fastener whose body diameter is approximatelythe same as the nominal th

25、read size.3.1.7 lotunless otherwise specified, a lot shall consist of:3.1.7.1 bolting material, heat treated in batch typefurnacesall material of the same heat or cast of material,condition, finish, and size subjected to the same heat treatmentin one tempering charge and submitted for inspection at

26、thesame time.3.1.7.2 bolting material, heat treated in continuous typefurnacesall material of the same heat or cast of material,condition, finish, and size heat treated without interruption in acontinuous type furnace during an eight hour period.3.1.7.3 bolting material, non heat treated (strainhard

27、ened)all material of the same heat or cast of material,condition, reduction (cold work), finish and size.3.1.7.4 fasteners, machined from bolting materialall fas-teners machined from the same lot of material defined asoutlined in either 3.1.7.1 or 3.1.7.2, above without any subse-quent heat treatmen

28、t or hot or cold forming.3.1.7.5 fasteners, heat treated in batch type furnacesallitems produced by any technique (forming, machining, etc.)from the same heat or cast of material, of the same priorcondition, the same size, and subjected to the same heattreatment in one tempering charge.3.1.7.6 faste

29、ners, heat treated in continuous type furnacesall items produced by any technique (forming, machining, etc.)from the same heat or cast of material, of the same priorcondition, of the same size, subjected to the same heattreatment in a four hour period and in one tempering charge.3.1.7.7 fasteners, n

30、on heat treated (strain hardened)allfasteners of the same heat or cast of material, condition,reduction (cold work), finish and size.3.1.7.8 strain hardened materialaustenitic stainless steelmaterial which has been subjected to cold working sufficient tocause a significant increase in strength.3.2 D

31、efinitionsFor definitions of other terms used in thisspecification, refer to Terminology A 941.4. Ordering Information4.1 It is the purchasers responsibility to specify in thepurchase order all information necessary to purchase theneeded material. Examples of such information include, but arenot lim

32、ited, to the following:4.1.1 Quantity and size,4.1.2 Product specification number with grade, class, type,as applicable, and including the product specification year date,4.1.3 Any additional information required by the individualproduct specification,4.1.4 Supplementary requirements,4.1.5 Additiona

33、l requirements (see 5.2, 5.4, 5.5, 6.1, 7.4,13.1, 13.3.1, 13.3.3, 13.5.2, 13.6, 15.8, and 19.1).4.1.6 Additional ordering options provided in the individualproduct specification, and4.1.7 Dimensions (diameter, length of point, overall length,finish, shape, threads, etc.).3Available from American Nat

34、ional Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available fromAmerican Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http:/www.asnt.org.A 962/A 962M 0925. Melting Process5.1 Unless otherwise

35、specified in the individual productspecification, the steel shall be fully killed. Use of the basicoxygen process shall be limited to grades containing less than6 % chromium.5.2 If a specific type of melting is required by the purchaser,it shall be stated on the purchase order.5.3 The primary meltin

36、g may incorporate separate degas-sing or refining and may be followed by secondary meltingsuch as electroslag remelting or vacuum remelting. If second-ary melting is employed, the heat shall be defined as all of theingot remelted from a single primary heat.5.4 Steel may be cast in ingots or may be c

37、ontinuously cast.When steel of different grades is continuously cast identifica-tion of the resultant transition material is required. The steelproducer shall remove the transition material by an establishedprocedure that positively separates the grades. Should thepurchaser deem it necessary to have

38、 the transition zone of twoheats of the same grade which are continuously cast discarded,the purchaser shall invoke Supplementary Requirement S53.5.5 QualityThe steel producer quality control proceduresshall provide sufficient testing of carbon and alloy steels inaccordance with Method E 381 or othe

39、r suitable method asagreed upon between the purchaser and the producer to assurethe internal quality of the product.5.5.1 Ingot Cast ProductVisual examination of transversesections shall show no imperfections worse than the macro-graphs of Method E 381 S2-R2-C3 or equivalent as agreedupon.5.5.2 Stra

40、nd Cast ProductVisual examination of traversesections in accordance with Method E 381 shall reveal none ofthe conditions shown in macrographs 1-5, 7,12-18 of Plate III.Conditions 6, 8-11 shall not be present to a degree greater thanthe macrographs of Plates I and II, S2-R2-C3.6. Materials and Manufa

41、cture6.1 Bars shall be produced in accordance with Specifica-tions A 29/A 29M or A 484/A 484M as applicable. Finish (hotor cold, ground, rough turned, drawn, etc.) shall be at theoption of the manufacturer unless otherwise specified.6.2 Fasteners shall be produced in accordance with theproduct speci

42、fication.7. Chemical Composition7.1 Chemical AnalysisHeat or product chemical analysisshall be in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, andTerminology A 751.7.2 Heat AnalysisAn analysis of each heat of steel shallbe made by the steel manufacturer to determine the percentagesof those elements spec

43、ified in the individual product specifi-cation. If secondary melting processes are employed, the heatanalysis shall be obtained from one remelted ingot or theproduct of one remelted ingot of each primary melt. Thechemical analysis thus determined shall conform to the require-ments of the individual

44、product specification. Product analysis(check analysis) tolerances shall not be applied to heat analysisrequirements.7.3 Product AnalysisWhen performed, by manufacturer,purchaser, end user, and so forth, samples for analysis shall betaken from midway between center and surface of solid parts,midway

45、between inner and outer surfaces of hollow parts,midway between center and surface of full-size prolongationsor from broken mechanical test specimens. The chemicalcomposition thus determined shall conform to the limits of theproduct specification, within the permissible tolerances foundin Tables 5 a

46、nd 6 of Specification A 29/A 29M and Table 1 ofSpecificationA 484/A 484M as appropriate for the grade beingsupplied. When multiple samples are taken from the same lotfor product analysis individual elements shall not vary bothabove and below the specified range.7.4 For continuous cast materials the

47、requirements of 8.2 or8.3, as appropriate, of Specification A 788/A 788M shall bemet.7.5 Steels with intentional additions of lead, bismuth, ortellurium shall not be supplied or used. Steels with intentionaladditions of selenium may only be supplied or used whenspecifically called out in the product

48、 specification.7.6 The starting material shall not contain any unspecifiedelements, other than nitrogen in austenitic stainless steels, forthe ordered grade(s) to the extent that it then conforms to therequirements of another grade for which that element is aspecified element having a required minim

49、um content.8. Mechanical Properties8.1 Method of Mechanical TestsAll tests shall be con-ducted in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370unless otherwise specified.8.2 For the purpose of determining conformance to theproduct specification requirements, specimens shall be ob-tained from the production material, or, in the case of forgings,from separately forged test blanks prepared from the stock usedto make the finished product. Heat treatment shall be com-pleted prior to removal of material for mechanical testing.8.3 If separately forged test