ASTM A962 A962M-2011a Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Bolting Intended for Use at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the Creep Range《用于从低温至蠕变范围内任何温度的螺栓通用要求标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation: A962/A962M 11aStandard Specification forCommon Requirements for Bolting Intended for Use at AnyTemperature from Cryogenic to the Creep Range1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A962/A962M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original ado

2、ption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers a group of common require-ments that shall a

3、pply to carbon, alloy, stainless steel, andnickel alloy bolting under any of the following ASTM Speci-fications (or under any other ASTM Specifications that invokethis specification or portions thereof):Title of Specifications ASTM DesignationAlloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materialsfor High

4、-Temperature ServiceA193/A193MCarbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts for HighPressure and High-Temperature ServiceA194/A194MAlloy Steel Bolting Materials for Low-TemperatureServiceA320/A320MAlloy-Steel Turbine-Type Bolting MaterialSpecially Heat Treated for High-TemperatureServiceA437/A437MHigh-Tempe

5、rature Bolting Materials With ExpansionCoefficients Comparable to Austenitic StainlessSteelsA453/A453MAlloy-Steel Bolting Materials for Special Applications A540/A540MPrecipitation-Hardening Bolting Material (UNSN07718) for High Temperature ServiceA1014/A1014M1.2 In case of conflict the requirements

6、 of the individualproduct specification shall prevail over those of this specifica-tion.1.3 Additional requirements may be specified by mutualagreement between the purchaser and supplier.1.4 Supplementary requirements are provided for use at theoption of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements

7、 onlyapply when specified individually by the purchaser in thepurchase order or contract.1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound unitsand in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contractspecifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SIunits) the inch-pound units sh

8、all apply. The values stated ineither SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separatelyas standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining val

9、ues from the two systems may result in noncon-formance with the specification.2. Referenced DocumentsThe following documents shall form a part of this specifi-cation to the extent specified. The latest issue shall apply unlessotherwise specified.2.1 ASTM Standards:2A29/A29M Specification for Steel B

10、ars, Carbon and Alloy,Hot-Wrought, General Requirements forA193/A193M Specification for Alloy-Steel and StainlessSteel Bolting for High Temperature or High PressureService and Other Special Purpose ApplicationsA194/A194M Specification for Carbon and Alloy SteelNuts for Bolts for High Pressure or Hig

11、h TemperatureService, or BothA320/A320M Specification for Alloy-Steel and StainlessSteel Bolting for Low-Temperature ServiceA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA437/A437M Specification for Stainless and Alloy-SteelTurbine-Type Bolting Specially Heat Treated for H

12、igh-Temperature ServiceA453/A453M Specification for High-Temperature Bolting,with Expansion Coefficients Comparable to AusteniticStainless SteelsA484/A484M Specification for General Requirements forStainless Steel Bars, Billets, and ForgingsA540/A540M Specification forAlloy-Steel Bolting for Spe-cia

13、l ApplicationsA700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Meth-ods for Steel Products for ShipmentA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel ProductsA788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-quirementsA941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainle

14、ss Steel, Re-lated Alloys, and Ferroalloys1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and BoltingMaterials for Pip

15、ing and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2011. Published December 2011. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as A962/A962M11.DOI: 10.1520/A0962_A0962M-11a.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM C

16、ustomer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohoc

17、ken, PA 19428-2959, United States.A1014/A1014M Specification for Precipitation-HardeningBolting (UNS N07718) for High Temperature ServiceE3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic SpecimensE381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets,Blooms, and ForgingsE384 Test Method for Knoop and Vickers

18、 Hardness ofMaterialsE1417 Practice for Liquid Penetrant TestingE1444 Practice for Magnetic Particle TestingE1916 Guide for Identification of Mixed Lots of MetalsF788/F788M Specification for Surface Discontinuities ofBolts, Screws, and Studs, Inch and Metric SeriesF2328 Test Method for Determining D

19、ecarburization andCarburization in Hardened and Tempered Threaded SteelBolts, Screws and StudsF2328M Test Method for Determining Decarburization andCarburization in Hardened and Tempered Threaded SteelBolts, Screws and Studs (Metric)2.2 AIAG Standard:3AIAG B-5 02.00 Primary Metals Identification Tag

20、 Appli-cation Standard2.3 ASME Standards:4B1.1 Screw ThreadsB1.13M Metric Screw Threads M ProfileB1.2 Gages and Gaging for Unified Screw ThreadsB1.3M Screw Thread Gaging Systems for DimensionalAcceptability of Metric Screw ThreadsB18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and ScrewsB18.2.3.6M Metric Heavy BoltsB1

21、8.3 Hexagon Socket and Spline Socket Screws2.4 Other Documents:ASNT Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A53. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 bara solid rolled or forged section that is long inrelationship to its cross-sectional dimensions with a relativelyconstant cr

22、oss section throughout its length. See SpecificationA29/A29M for definitions relating to the production of hotwrought and cold finished bars.3.1.2 boltingbolting material (rolled or forged bars orblanks, wire, rod, threaded bar, rotary pierced or extrudedseamless tubes, bored bars, or forged hollows

23、 from forged orrolled bar segments, to be manufactured into fasteners andbolting components including but not limited to connectors,pins, restraining device components, and shafts and fastenersthemselves (bolts, nuts, screws, studs, and washers).3.1.3 certifying organizationthe company or associatio

24、nresponsible for the conformance and marking of the product tothe specification requirements.3.1.4 classa term used to differentiate between differentheat treatment conditions or strength levels, or both, oftenwithin the same grade but sometimes within the same family ofmaterials. May also apply to

25、work hardened condition orstrength level, or both.3.1.5 gradean alloy described individually and identifiedby its own designation in a table of chemical requirementswithin any specification.3.1.6 length, fasteners subject to full size testingthatportion of the fastener whose body diameter is approxi

26、matelythe same as the nominal thread size.3.1.7 lotunless otherwise specified, a lot shall consist of:3.1.7.1 bolting, heat treated in batch type furnacesallmaterial of the same heat or cast of material, condition, finish,and size subjected to the same heat treatment in one temperingcharge and submi

27、tted for inspection at the same time.3.1.7.2 bolting, heat treated in continuous type furnacesall material of the same heat or cast of material, condition,finish, and size heat treated without interruption in a continu-ous type furnace during an eight hour period.3.1.7.3 bolting, non heat treated (s

28、train hardened)allmaterial of the same heat or cast of material, condition,reduction (cold work), finish and size.3.1.7.4 fasteners, machined from bolting materialall fas-teners machined from the same lot of material defined asoutlined in either 3.1.7.1 or 3.1.7.2, above without any subse-quent heat

29、 treatment or hot or cold forming.3.1.7.5 fasteners, heat treated in batch type furnacesallitems produced by any technique (forming, machining, etc.)from the same heat or cast of material, of the same priorcondition, the same size, and subjected to the same heattreatment in one tempering charge.3.1.

30、7.6 fasteners, heat treated in continuous type furnacesall items produced by any technique (forming, machining, etc.)from the same heat or cast of material, of the same priorcondition, of the same size, subjected to the same heattreatment in a four hour period and in one tempering charge.3.1.7.7 fas

31、teners, non heat treated (strain hardened)allfasteners of the same heat or cast of material, condition,reduction (cold work), finish and size.3.1.7.8 strain hardened materialaustenitic stainless steelmaterial which has been subjected to cold working sufficient tocause a significant increase in stren

32、gth.3.2 DefinitionsFor definitions of other terms used in thisspecification, refer to Terminology A941.4. Ordering Information4.1 It is the purchasers responsibility to specify in thepurchase order all information necessary to purchase theneeded material. Examples of such information include, but ar

33、enot limited, to the following:4.1.1 Quantity and size,4.1.2 Product specification number with grade, class, type,as applicable, and including the product specification year date,4.1.3 Any additional information required by the individualproduct specification,4.1.4 Supplementary requirements,4.1.5 A

34、dditional requirements (see 5.2, 5.4, 5.5, 6.1, 7.4,13.1, 13.3.1, 13.3.3, 13.5.2, 13.6, 15.8, and 19.1).4.1.6 Additional ordering options provided in the individualproduct specification, and3Available from Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd.,Suite 200, Southfield, MI 48033, htt

35、p:/www.aiag.org.4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.5Available fromAmerican Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518,

36、 http:/www.asnt.org.A962/A962M 11a24.1.7 Dimensions (diameter, length of point, overall length,finish, shape, threads, etc.).5. Melting Process5.1 Unless otherwise specified in the individual productspecification, the steel shall be fully killed. Use of the basicoxygen process shall be limited to gr

37、ades containing less than6 % chromium.5.2 If a specific type of melting is required by the purchaser,it shall be stated on the purchase order.5.3 The primary melting may incorporate separate degas-sing or refining and may be followed by secondary meltingsuch as electroslag remelting or vacuum remelt

38、ing. If second-ary melting is employed, the heat shall be defined as all of theingot remelted from a single primary heat.5.4 Steel may be cast in ingots or may be continuously cast.When steel of different grades is continuously cast identifica-tion of the resultant transition material is required. T

39、he steelproducer shall remove the transition material by an establishedprocedure that positively separates the grades. Should thepurchaser deem it necessary to have the transition zone of twoheats of the same grade which are continuously cast discarded,the purchaser shall invoke Supplementary Requir

40、ement S53.5.5 QualityThe steel producer quality control proceduresshall provide sufficient testing of carbon and alloy steels inaccordance with Method E381 or other suitable method asagreed upon between the purchaser and the producer to assurethe internal quality of the product.5.5.1 Ingot Cast Prod

41、uctVisual examination of transversesections shall show no imperfections worse than the macro-graphs of Method E381 S2-R2-C3 or equivalent as agreedupon.5.5.2 Strand Cast ProductVisual examination of traversesections in accordance with Method E381 shall reveal none ofthe conditions shown in macrograp

42、hs 1-5, 7,12-18 of Plate III.Conditions 6, 8-11 shall not be present to a degree greater thanthe macrographs of Plates I and II, S2-R2-C3.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Bars shall be produced in accordance with Specifica-tions A29/A29M or A484/A484M as applicable. Finish (hot orcold, ground, rough

43、turned, drawn, etc.) shall be at the optionof the manufacturer unless otherwise specified.6.2 Fasteners shall be produced in accordance with theproduct specification.7. Chemical Composition7.1 Chemical AnalysisHeat or product chemical analysisshall be in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, andT

44、erminology A751.7.2 Heat AnalysisAn analysis of each heat of steel shallbe made by the steel manufacturer to determine the percentagesof those elements specified in the individual product specifi-cation. If secondary melting processes are employed, the heatanalysis shall be obtained from one remelte

45、d ingot or theproduct of one remelted ingot of each primary melt. Thechemical analysis thus determined shall conform to the require-ments of the individual product specification. Product analysis(check analysis) tolerances shall not be applied to heat analysisrequirements.7.3 Product AnalysisWhen pe

46、rformed, by manufacturer,purchaser, end user, and so forth, samples for analysis shall betaken from midway between center and surface of solid parts,midway between inner and outer surfaces of hollow parts,midway between center and surface of full-size prolongationsor from broken mechanical test spec

47、imens. The chemicalcomposition thus determined shall conform to the limits of theproduct specification, within the permissible tolerances foundin Tables 5 and 6 of Specification A29/A29M and Table 1 ofSpecification A484/A484M as appropriate for the grade beingsupplied. When multiple samples are take

48、n from the same lotfor product analysis individual elements shall not vary bothabove and below the specified range.7.4 For continuous cast materials the requirements of 8.2 or8.3, as appropriate, of SpecificationA788/A788M shall be met.7.5 Steels with intentional additions of lead, bismuth, ortellur

49、ium shall not be supplied or used. Steels with intentionaladditions of selenium may only be supplied or used whenspecifically called out in the product specification.7.6 The starting material shall not contain any unspecifiedelements, other than nitrogen in austenitic stainless steels, forthe ordered grade(s) to the extent that it then conforms to therequirements of another grade for which that element is aspecified element having a required minimum content.8. Mechanical Properties8.1 Method of Mechanical TestsAll tests shall be con-ducted in accordance w