ASTM A973 A973M-2007(2012) Standard Specification for Grade 100 Alloy Steel Chain《100级合金钢链标准规格》.pdf

1、Designation: A973/A973M 07 (Reapproved 2012)Standard Specification forGrade 100 Alloy Steel Chain1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A973/A973M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi

2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers Grade 100 heat-treated alloysteel chain for such applications as slings, lifting assemblies,and load

3、 binding.NOTE 1This specification does not cover alloy steel chain for pocketwheel applications.1.2 This specification is a performance standard for Grade100 chain used between 20 and 400F 29 and 205C. Thechain manufacturer should be contacted for use at temperaturesoutside this range.1.3 The Grade

4、designation is110 of the minimum breakingstrength in newtons divided by two times the nominal cross-sectional area of the chain in square millimetres.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or in other units shallbe regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact e

5、quivalents; therefore, each systemmust be used independently of the other, without combiningvalues in any way.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A29/A29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy,Hot-Wrought, General Requirements forA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chem

6、i-cal Analysis of Steel ProductsA941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, RelatedAlloys, and Ferroalloys2.2 SAE Standard:SAE J422 Microscopic Determination of Inclusions inSteels33. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 breaking force, minimum, nminimum force

7、 inpounds or newtons at which the chain, during manufacture, hasbeen found by testing to break when a constantly increasingforce is applied in direct tension.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThis test is a manufacturers attributeacceptance test and shall not be used as criteria for service.3.1.2 date code, nseries

8、 of letters, numbers, or bothembossed on the chain which enables its manufacturing historyto be traced.3.1.3 lot, nfor the purpose of acceptance testing, a lot shallconsist of 3000 ft 1000 m, or fraction thereof, of the samesize chain. If a continuous length of chain exceeds 3000 ft1000 m, it shall

9、also be considered a lot.3.1.4 proof test, nquality control tensile test applied tochain for the purpose of verifying weld and material quality.3.1.4.1 DiscussionIt is the minimum force in pounds ornewtons which the chain has withstood at the time it left theproducer, under a test in which a constan

10、tly increasing forcehas been applied in direct tension to a straight length of chain.Proof test loads are a manufacturing integrity test and shall notbe used as criteria for service or design purposes.3.1.5 traceability code, nseries of letters, numbers, orboth embossed on the chain which enables it

11、s manufacturinghistory, including the identity of the steel heat, to be traced.3.1.6 working load limit (WLL), nmaximum combinedstatic and dynamic load in pounds or kilograms that shall beapplied in direct tension to an undamaged straight length ofchain.4. Ordering Information4.1 It shall be the res

12、ponsibility of the purchaser to specifyall requirements that are necessary for material ordered underthis specification. Such requirements include, but are notlimited to, the following:4.1.1 Product to conform to Specification A973/A973M anddate of issue,4.1.2 Nominal size of chain (in. or mm),4.1.3

13、 Quantity of chain (ft or m),4.1.4 Length of each piece, if required,4.1.5 Finish, if required,1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.27 on Steel Chain.Current edition approve

14、d Nov. 1, 2012. Published November 2012. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as A973/A973M 07.DOI: 10.1520/A0973_A0973M-07R12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of AS

15、TMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive,Warrendale, PA 15096.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor

16、Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.1.6 Certification of test(s), if required,4.1.7 Acceptance of inspection by purchaser, if required,and4.1.8 Supplementary requirements, if required.5. Manufacturing5.1 Melting ProcessThe alloy steel shall be fully killedand have a

17、n austenitic grain size of five or finer.5.2 Welding ProcessAlloy steel chain may be made by theelectric welding or gas welding process.5.3 Heat TreatmentAfter welding, alloy steel chain shallbe heat treated before applying the proof test. Heat treatmentshall include quenching and tempering as defin

18、ed by Termi-nology A941.6. Material Requirements6.1 Heat AnalysisThe selection and amounts of the alloy-ing elements in the steel are left to the judgment of theindividual chain manufacturer provided the steel meets thefollowing criteria: carbon = 0.35 % max; phosphorous =0.025 % max; sulfur = 0.025

19、 % max. The following elementsmust all be present in alloying amounts, nickel (0.40% min),chromium (0.40% min), and molybdenum (0.15% min). Thesteel shall have oxide and silicate inclusions of 4 or less asdetermined by SAE J422.6.2 Product AnalysisThe steel used may be analyzed bythe purchaser and s

20、hall conform to the requirements of 6.1subject to the product analysis tolerances specified in Specifi-cation A29/A29M. Test samples may be taken from rods, bars,or finished chain. Samples for analysis shall be so taken as torepresent the full cross section of the specimen.6.3 Test Methods, Practice

21、s, and Terminology A751 shall beused for referee purposes.7. Mechanical Requirements7.1 Proof TestAll chain shall be tested to at least the proofload prescribed in Table 1 for the appropriate size chain. Whenso tested it shall withstand these loads without loss of chainintegrity. Links or chain segm

22、ents not withstanding the prooftest load shall be removed from the chain.7.2 Breaking ForceThe breaking force test specimen shallconsist of a length from the lot containing at least the numberof links in Table 2. All chain shall be in the quenched andtempered condition before the breaking force is m

23、easured.7.2.1 Fixtures for securing chain in a testing machine shallbe properly designed to support securely the shoulder of thelink (see Note 2). The opening in the fixture shall not be morethan 125 % of the stock diameter being tested. Links engagedin the testing fixture shall not be considered pa

24、rt of the testspecimen.NOTE 2“U” bolts of the same or larger diameter and the same orgreater strength may be used to secure the chain to the jaws of the testingmachine.7.2.2 Test results shall meet or exceed the minimum break-ing force values given in Table 1 for the appropriate size chain.7.3 Elong

25、ation:7.3.1 All chain must be in the quenched and temperedcondition before the elongation is measured.7.3.2 The elongation test specimen shall consist of a lengthfrom the lot containing at least the number of links in Table 2.7.3.3 A positive load not exceeding 10 % of the proof testshall be applied

26、 for determining the original gage length(L0).7.3.4 The elongation shall be based on the total extension atfracture. This is expressed as a percentage of the change inlength ( L) divided by the original gage length (L0). Theelongation may be determined by the equation below or byautographic recorder

27、 or side scale.Elongation %! 5 $L/L$0%3100where:L = test specimen final length at fracture test specimenoriginal gage length ( L0), andL0 = original gage length (sum or the inside lengths of thetest chain links, not counting the fixture links, or asdetermined in 7.3.3).7.3.5 The elongation shall be

28、a minimum of 20 %.7.4 One test for breaking strength and elongation shall bemade from each lot. The elongation and breaking force testsmay be performed at the same time on the same test specimen.TABLE 1 Grade 100 Alloy Chain Mechanical and Dimensional RequirementsNominal ChainSizeMaterial Diameter W

29、orking Load Limit(max)Proof Test (min) Minimum BreakingForceInside Length (max) Inside Width Rangein. mm in. mm lb kg lb kN lb kN in. mm in. mm732 5.5 0.217 5.5 2700 1220 5400 23.8 10 800 47.6 0.69 17.6 0.281 to 0.325 7.14 to 8.25932 7 0.276 7.0 4300 1950 8600 38.5 17 200 77 0.90 22.9 0.375 to 0.430

30、 9.53 to 10.92516 8 0.315 8.0 5700 2600 11 400 51 22 800 102 1.04 26.4 0.430 to 0.500 10.92 to 12.7038 10 0.394 10.0 8800 4000 17 600 79 35 200 158 1.26 32.0 0.512 to 0.600 13.00 to 15.2012 13 0.512 13.0 15 000 6800 30 000 134 60 000 268 1.64 41.6 0.688 to 0.768 17.48 to 19.5058 16 0.630 16.0 22 600

31、 10 300 45 200 201 90 400 402 2.02 51.2 0.812 to 0.945 20.63 to 24.0034 20 0.787 20.0 35 300 16 000 70 600 315 141 200 630 2.52 64.0 0.984 to 1.18 25.0 to 30.078 22 0.866 22.0 42 700 19 400 85 400 381 170 800 762 2.77 70.4 1.08 to 1.30 27.5 to 33.0TABLE 2 Mechanical Test Sample Length RequirementsSi

32、ze of ChainMinimum Number ofLinksin Test Specimen732 in. 5.5 mm 9Larger than732 in. 5.5 mm but lessthan34 in. 20.0 mm734 in. 20.0 mm and larger 3A973/A973M 07 (2012)28. Dimensional Requirements8.1 The chain shall conform to the dimensional require-ments specified in Table 1 for the appropriate size

33、chain.8.2 DiameterThe diameter of the material from which thechain is manufactured shall not be smaller than the materialdiameter listed in Table 1 within the following tolerance: 3 %.Oversized material may be used for all applications.9. Finish9.1 The manufacturer may apply a surface treatment orfi

34、nish of their own choice for identification or corrosionresistance unless the customer specifies otherwise. The surfacetreatment or finish shall not alter the chain properties in amanner that would cause the chain to not meet the otherprovisions of this standard.10. Retests10.1 If the original test

35、specimen fails to conform to therequirements in 7.2.2, two additional test specimens from thesame lot may be tested, each of which shall conform to therequirements in 7.2.2. If both additional tests are satisfactory,the chain will be considered acceptable.11. Rework and Retreatment11.1 Materials tha

36、t fail to conform to the requirements fordimensions and mechanical tests may be resubmitted afterbeing reworked.12. Inspection12.1 When requested on the purchase order or contract, thechain shall be free of paint or other coatings which could masksurface discontinuities at the time of inspection.12.

37、2 The manufacturer shall afford the purchasers inspectorall reasonable facilities necessary to verify that the chainproduced is being furnished in accordance with this specifica-tion. Inspection by the purchaser shall not interfere unneces-sarily with the manufacturers operations. All tests and insp

38、ec-tion shall be made at the place of manufacture, unlessotherwise agreed upon.12.3 The purchaser may make the tests to govern accep-tance or rejection of the chain at their own laboratory orelsewhere. Tests and acceptance criteria shall conform to therequirements contained in this specification unl

39、ess otherwisestated in the purchase order or contract. Tests at the purchaserslaboratory or elsewhere shall be made at the expense of thepurchaser.13. Rejection and Rehearing13.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements ofthis specification may be rejected. Rejection shall be reportedto th

40、e producer or supplier promptly and in writing.13.2 In the case of dissatisfaction with the results of the testdiscussed in 12.3, the producer or supplier may make claim fora rehearing.14. Certification14.1 A manufacturers certification that the chain conformsto the ordered specification (including

41、year or issue) shall befurnished when requested on the purchase order or contract.14.2 When requested on the purchase order or contract, themanufacturer shall furnish a certificate of proof test to thepurchaser or his representative.15. Product Marking15.1 Body chain links shall not be marked with i

42、ndentedcharacters.15.2 Body chain links shall be marked for identificationpurposes at intervals no greater than 3 ft 0.9 m.15.3 The marking shall consist of at least the gradeindicator, the manufacturers mark or symbol, and the trace-ability code or date code.15.4 The grade indicator marking for Gra

43、de 100 shallinclude 10, 100, or 1000.16. Keywords16.1 chain; steel chainSUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSThe following Supplementary Requirements shall apply only when specified in the purchasing orderor contract.S1. Weld Bend TestS1.1 When specified by the purchaser in the order orcontract, each chain lot

44、 shall be subjected to the weld bend test.S2. Test RequirementsS2.1 Test EquipmentThe bend test equipment shall com-ply with the requirements shown in Fig. S1.1, where theV-Block angle shall be 90 and the diameter of the anvil shallbe approximately twice the diameter of the chain being tested.S2.2 T

45、est Procedure A shock-free force is applied to thecenter of the link by the anvil and each single link shall bedeformed a distance of 0.8 times the diameter of the chain link.S2.3 Selection of Samples Samples shall be tested fromeach lot and shall be in the final heat treated condition. Onesample pe

46、r welding head shall be tested for all sizes.S2.4 Acceptance CriteriaThe link shall be examined aftertesting and shall be free of any visible defects such as cracks inthe area at and around the weld.A973/A973M 07 (2012)3S2.5 RetestsIf both original samples for58 in. 16 mmor smaller chain fail the we

47、ld bend test, the lot is consideredrejected. If only one sample for the58 in. 16 mm and smallerchain fails, or the original sample for34 in. 20 mm or largerchain fails, two additional test samples from the same lot maybe tested. If both retests conform to the acceptance criteria inS2.4, the chain wi

48、ll be considered acceptable.SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(A973/A973M 01) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Nov. 1, 2007.)(1) Added 1.3.(2) Revised Section 2.(3) Added new terms to Section 3.(4)

49、Added new referenced document citations to 5.3 and 6.3.(5) Revised Section 9.(6) Revised 13.1 and 13.2.(7) Revised 15.3 and 15.4.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revis