1、Designation: A 974 97 (Reapproved 2003)Standard Specification forWelded Wire Fabric Gabions and Gabion Mattresses(Metallic-Coated or Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Coated)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 974; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigi
2、nal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers gabions and gabion mattressesproduced
3、 from metallic-coated welded wire fabric, andmetallic-coated wire for spiral binders, lacing wire, and stiff-eners used to assemble the product. The metallic-coated fabricmay be polyvinyl chloride (PVC) coated after fabrication. Thespiral binders, lacing wire, and stiffeners may be PVC coatedafter m
4、etallic coating. Polyvinyl chloride hereinafter will bedesignated as PVC.1.2 Welded wire fabric for gabions and gabion mattresses isproduced in five styles, based on the kind of coating, asdescribed in Section 4.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values
5、given in brackets are for informa-tion only.1.4 This specification references notes and footnotes whichprovide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (ex-cluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered asrequirements of this specification.1.5 The following safety hazards caveat
6、 pertains only to thetest methods portion, Section 13, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine th
7、e applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:A 90/A 90M Test Method for Weight (Mass) of Coating onIron and Steel Articles with Zinc or Zinc-Alloy Coating2A 185 Specification for Steel Welded Wire Fabric, Plain, forConcrete Reinforcement3A 370 Tes
8、t Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel Products4A 428 Test Method for Weight of Coating on AluminumCoated Iron and Steel Articles2A 641 Specification for Zinc Coated (Galvanized) CarbonSteel Wire2A 809 Specification for Aluminum Coated (Aluminized)Steel Wire2A 853 Specification for
9、 Steel Wire, Carbon, for GeneralUse4A 856/A 856M Specification for Zinc-5 % Aluminum-Mischmetal Alloy-Coated Carbon Steel Wire2A 902 Terminology Relating to Metallic Coated Steel Prod-ucts2B 117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) TestingApparatus5D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plas
10、tics6D 746 Test Method for Brittleness Temperature of Plasticsand Elastomers by Impact6D 792 Test Method for Specific Gravity (Relative Density)and Density of Plastics by Displacement6D 1242 Test Methods for Resistance of Plastic Materials toAbrasion6D 1499 Practice for Operating Light- and Water-Ex
11、posureApparatus (Carbon-Arc Type) for Exposure of Plastics6D 2240 Test Method for Rubber Property-Durometer Hard-ness7G 23 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus(Carbon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposureof Nonmetallic Materials83. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsRefer to Terminology A
12、902 for generalterminology relating to metallic-coated steel products.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 gabion, na wire fabric container, uniformly parti-tioned, of variable size, interconnected with other similarcontainers, and filled with stone at the site of use, to formfle
13、xible, permeable, monolithic structures such as retaining1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A05 onMetallic Coated Iron and Steel Products and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee A05.12 on Wire Specifications.Current edition approved May 10, 2003. Published June 2
14、003. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as A 974 - 97.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.06.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.04.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.02.6Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.7Ann
15、ual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.01.8Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.walls, sea walls, channel linings, revetments, and weirs forerosion control (see Fig. 1). Typical gabion
16、sizes are shown inTable 1.3.2.2 gabion mattress, na gabion with relatively smallheight in relation to the lateral dimensions, generally used forlining channels (see Fig. 2). Typical gabion mattress sizes areshown in Table 2.3.2.3 lacing wire, n for gabions and gabion mattresses,ametallic-coated stee
17、l wire or metallic-coated steel wire withPVC coating used to assemble and interconnect empty gabionunits, and to close and secure stone-filled units, used as analternate to spiral binders.3.2.4 spiral binder, n for gabions and gabion mattresses,a length of metallic-coated steel wire or metallic-coat
18、ed steelwire with PVC coating preformed into a spiral, used toassemble and interconnect empty gabion units, and to close andsecure stone-filled units, used as an alternate to lacing wire.3.2.5 stiffener, nfor gabions, a length of metallic-coatedsteel wire or metallic-coated steel wire with PVC coati
19、ng usedfor support by forming a diagonal brace across the corners,inside of the gabion container. Stiffeners are produced usinglacing wire for on-site applications or shipped preformed usingheavier wire gage as shown in Table 3.3.2.6 welded wire fabric, nmaterial composed of a seriesof longitudinal
20、and transverse steel wires arranged substan-tially at right angles to each other, and welded together at thepoints of intersection by electrical resistance welding to formfabricated sheets.4. Classification4.1 Welded wire gabions are classified according to coating,as follows:4.1.1 Style 1, consists
21、 of welded wire fabric made from wirewhich is zinc-coated before being welded into fabric. Spiralbinders, lacing wire, and stiffeners are produced from zinc-coated wire.4.1.2 Style 2, consists of welded wire fabric which is madefrom uncoated wire and the fabric is subsequently zinc-coatedafter fabri
22、cation. Spiral binders, lacing wire, and stiffeners areproduced from zinc-coated wire.4.1.3 Style 3, consists of welded wire fabric made from wirewhich is coated with zinc-5 % aluminum-mischmetal alloy(Zn-5Al-MM) before being welded into fabric. Spiral binders,lacing wire, and stiffeners are also pr
23、oduced from zinc-5 %aluminum-mischmetal alloy (Zn-5Al-MM) coated wire.4.1.4 Style 4, consists of welded wire fabric made from wirewhich is aluminum-coated before being welded into fabric.Spiral binders, lacing wire, and stiffeners are also producedfrom aluminum-coated (aluminized) wire.4.1.5 Style 5
24、, consists of welded wire fabric, spiral binders,lacing wire, and stiffeners as Styles 1, 2, 3, or 4, and overcoatedwith PVC.5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for material to this specification should includethe following information:5.1.1 Quantity (number of units) as shown on plan,5.1.2 Gabions or
25、 gabion mattresses,5.1.3 Size (length by width by height),5.1.4 Style of coating (Section 4), including the specificstyle to be furnished, or all acceptable styles,5.1.5 ASTM designation and year of issue,5.1.6 Any special requirements (see 8.2.5 and Note 2), and5.1.7 Certification, if required (see
26、 15.1).NOTE 1A typical ordering description is as follows: 100 gabions, 6 by3 by 3 ft, as shown on plans; Style 1, 2, 3, or 4; with required spiralbinders, lacing wire, and stiffeners; conforming to ASTM A 974.6. Material and Manufacture6.1 The wire used in the manufacture of welded wire fabricfor u
27、se in gabions shall conform to the specifications in 6.1.1as appropriate for the style ordered, except the tensile strengthshall conform to 7.1. The wire may be produced from anygrade of steel listed in Specification A 853.6.1.1 Style 1 welded wire fabric shall be manufactured fromzinc-coated steel
28、wire conforming to Specification A 641. Style2 welded wire fabric shall be manufactured from uncoated steelwire conforming to Specification A 853, and the fabric subse-quently zinc-coated by the hot-dip process. Style 3 welded wirefabric shall be manufactured from Zn-5Al-MM coated steelwire conformi
29、ng to Specification A 856/A 856M. Style 4welded wire fabric shall be manufactured from aluminum-coated steel wire conforming to Specification A 809.6.2 Spiral binders, lacing wire, and stiffeners shall be madeof wire having a tensile strength in accordance with 7.1, havingthe same coating material a
30、s the welded wire fabric furnishedon the order, and conforming to Specification A 641, A 856/A 856M, or A 809, as appropriate6.3 Wire for welded wire fabric shall be assembled byautomatic machines or other suitable mechanical means thatwill ensure accurate spacing and alignment of all members ofthe
31、finished fabric. Longitudinal and transverse members of thewelded wire fabric shall be connected at every intersection inaccordance with the requirements of 7.2 by the process ofelectric resistance welding, which employs the principle offusion combined with pressure.6.4 The PVC coating used in the m
32、anufacture of PVC-coated gabions and gabion mattresses shall conform to theproperties in 8.2 and 8.3FIG. 1 GabionA 974 97 (2003)26.4.1 The PVC-coated welded wire fabric shall have thePVC coating fused and bonded onto the metallic-coatedwelded wire fabric after fabrication of mesh. No cutting of thep
33、anels closer than14 618 in. 6 6 3.18 mm to the weld shallbe permitted after fabrication in order to prevent exposure nearthe welds.6.4.2 The PVC-coated wire for spiral binders, lacing wire,and stiffeners shall have the PVC coating fused and bonded orextruded and adhered, onto the metallic-coated wir
34、e.6.5 Gabions and gabion mattresses shall be manufacturedwith all components mechanically connected at the productionfacility with the exception of the mattress lid which is producedTABLE 1 Typical Gabion SizesLength, ft cm Width, ft cm Height, ft cm Number of Cells Capacity, yd3m36 182.9 3 91.4 3 9
35、1.4 2 2.0 1.539 274.3 3 91.4 3 91.4 3 3.0 2.2912 365.8 3 91.4 3 91.4 4 4.0 3.066 182.9 3 91.4 1.5 45.7 2 1.0 0.7659 274.3 3 91.4 1.5 45.7 3 1.5 1.1512 365.8 3 91.4 1.5 45.7 4 2.0 1.536 182.9 3 91.4 1 30.5 2 0.66 0.509 274.3 3 91.4 1 30.5 3 1.0 0.76512 365.8 3 91.4 1 30.5 4 1.33 1.02FIG. 2 Gabion Mat
36、tressTABLE 2 Typical Gabion Mattress SizesLength, ft cm Width, ft cm Height, ft cm Number of Cells Area, yd2m29 274.3 6 182.9 0.5 15.2 3 6.0 5.212 365.8 6 182.9 0.5 15.2 4 8.0 6.699 274.3 6 182.9 0.75 22.9 3 6.0 5.212 365.8 6 182.9 0.75 22.9 4 8.0 6.699 274.3 6 182.9 1.0 30.0 3 6.0 5.212 365.8 6 182
37、.9 1.0 30.0 4 8.0 6.69TABLE 3 Wire DiametersMinimum Nominal Diameter,Metallic-Coated Wire, in. mmAMinimum Diameter PVC-CoatedWire (Including Coating), in. mmBNominal Diameter, PVC-Coated Wire(Including Coating), in. mmCWire for PVC-coated gabions 0.106 2.7 0.136 3.5 0.146 3.7Wire for metallic-coated
38、 gabions 0.120 3.05 N/A N/AWire for gabion mattresses 0.087 2.2 0.117 3.0 0.127 3.2Spiral binders for gabions:PVC-coated 0.106 2.7 0.136 3.5 0.146 3.7Metallic-coated 0.120 3.05 N/A N/ASpiral binders for gabion mattresses, metallic- orPVC-coated0.087 2.2 0.117 3.0 0.127 3.2Lacing wire 0.087 2.2 0.117
39、 3.0 0.127 3.2Stiffeners:Lacing wire 0.087 2.2 0.117 3.0 0.127 3.2Preformed 0.120 3.05 0.150 3.8 0.160 4.0)AThe metallic-coated wire shall have the size tolerances in accordance with Specifications A 641, A 856/A 856M, and A 809, as applicable.BThe minimum thickness of PVC which covers the wire shal
40、l be 15 mils 0.015 in. or 0.38 mm, measured radially at any cross section transverse to the wire length.CThe nominal thickness of PVC which covers the wire shall be 20 mils 0.020 in. or 0.51 mm, measured radially at any cross section transverse to the wire length.A 974 97 (2003)3separately from the
41、base (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2). All gabions (Fig.3) and gabion mattresses (Fig. 4) shall be supplied in thecollapsed form, either folded and bundled or rolled, forshipping.7. Mechanical Properties7.1 Tensile Strength The tensile strength of the wire usedfor the welded wire fabric, spiral binders, lacing w
42、ire, andstiffeners shall be soft or medium in accordance with therequirements of Specifications A 641 (Style 1), A 856/A 856M(Style 3), and A 809 (Style 4) or hard drawn in accordance withSpecification A 853 (Style 2). The cross-sectional area of thetest specimen shall be based on the diameter of th
43、e metalliccoated wire. All the wires used in the fabrication of gabionsand gabion mattresses must use the same temper wire per givenorder.7.2 Weld Shear StrengthThe minimum average shearvalue in pounds-force shall be 70 % of the breaking strength ofthe wire or as indicated in the table as follows, w
44、hichever isgreater, when tested in accordance with 13.4 (see SpecificationA 185). Typical minimum average shear strengths as specifiedare as follows:Wire Diameter, in.mmMinimum Average ShearStrength, lb NMinimum Shear Strength,lb N0.087 2.2 292 1300 225 10000.106 2.7 472 2100 360 16000.120 3.05 584
45、2600 450 20007.2.1 Conformance to RequirementThe material shall bedeemed to conform with the requirements for weld shearstrength if the average of the test results of the first fourspecimens tested complies with the value in 7.2, or if theaverage of the test results for all welds tested complies wit
46、h thevalue in 7.2.7.3 Panel to Panel Joint StrengthThe minimum strengthof the joined panels, when tested as described in 13.5, shall beas follows:Exterior Panels, lb/ft kN/mDiaphragm Panels, lb/ftkN/mGabions 1400 20.4 600 8.7Gabion mattresses 600 8.7 300 4.358. Physical Properties8.1 Metallic Coatin
47、g The coating weights shall conformto the requirements of Specification A 641 Class 3 for zinccoating (including the zinc coating on the Style 2 fabric),Specification A 856/A 856M Class 3 for Zn-5Al-MM coating,or Specification A 809 for aluminum coating.8.2 PVC for Coating The initial properties of
48、PVCcoating material shall have a demonstrated ability to conformto the following requirements:8.2.1 Specific Gravity In the range from 1.20 to 1.40,when tested in accordance with Test Method D 792.8.2.2 Tensile Strength Not less than 2275 psi 15.7 MPa,when tested in accordance with Test Method D 638
49、.8.2.3 Modulus of ElasticityNot less than 1980 psi 13.7MPa at 100 strain, when tested in accordance with TestMethod D 638.8.2.4 HardnessShore“ A” not less than 75, when tested inaccordance with Test Method D 2240.8.2.5 Brittleness TemperatureNot higher than 15F-9C, or lower temperature when specified by the purchaser,when tested in
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