1、Designation: A974 97 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Specification forWelded Wire Fabric Gabions and Gabion Mattresses(Metallic-Coated or Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Coated)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A974; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigina
2、l adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers gabions and gabion mattressesproduced fr
3、om metallic-coated welded wire fabric, andmetallic-coated wire for spiral binders, lacing wire, and stiff-eners used to assemble the product. The metallic-coated fabricmay be polyvinyl chloride (PVC) coated after fabrication. Thespiral binders, lacing wire, and stiffeners may be PVC coatedafter meta
4、llic coating. Polyvinyl chloride hereinafter will bedesignated as PVC.1.2 Welded wire fabric for gabions and gabion mattresses isproduced in five styles, based on the kind of coating, asdescribed in Section 4.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values giv
5、en in parentheses are forinformation only.1.4 This specification references notes and footnotes whichprovide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (ex-cluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered asrequirements of this specification.1.5 The following safety hazards caveat p
6、ertains only to thetest methods portion, Section 13, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the
7、applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A90/A90M Test Method for Weight Mass of Coating onIron and Steel Articles with Zinc or Zinc-Alloy CoatingsA185/A185M Specification for Steel Welded WireReinforcement, Plain, for Concrete (Withdrawn 2013)
8、3A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA428/A428M Test Method for Weight Mass of Coating onAluminum-Coated Iron or Steel ArticlesA641/A641M Specification for ZincCoated (Galvanized)Carbon Steel WireA809 Specification for Aluminum-Coated (Aluminized)Carbon Steel Wir
9、eA853 Specification for Steel Wire, Carbon, for General UseA856/A856M Specification for Zinc-5 % Aluminum-Mischmetal Alloy-Coated Carbon Steel WireA902 Terminology Relating to Metallic Coated Steel Prod-uctsB117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) ApparatusD638 Test Method for Tensile Properties
10、 of PlasticsD746 Test Method for Brittleness Temperature of Plasticsand Elastomers by ImpactD792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-tive Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD1242 Test Methods for Resistance of Plastic Materials toAbrasion (Withdrawn 2003)3D1499 Practice for Filtered
11、 Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Expo-sures of PlasticsD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer Hard-nessG23 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus(Carbon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposureof Nonmetallic Materials (Withdrawn 2000)33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsRefer to Terminology A90
12、2 for generalterminology relating to metallic-coated steel products.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 gabion, na wire fabric container, uniformlypartitioned, of variable size, interconnected with other similarcontainers, and filled with stone at the site of use, to formflexibl
13、e, permeable, monolithic structures such as retaining1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A05 onMetallic-Coated Iron and Steel Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee A05.12 on Wire Specifications.Current edition approved May 1, 2016. Published June 2016
14、. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as A974 - 97(2011). DOI:10.1520/A0974-97R16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the
15、 standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1walls, sea walls, channel linings, revetments, and
16、 weirs forerosion control (see Fig. 1). Typical gabion sizes are shown inTable 1.3.2.2 gabion mattress, na gabion with relatively smallheight in relation to the lateral dimensions, generally used forlining channels (see Fig. 2). Typical gabion mattress sizes areshown in Table 2.3.2.3 lacing wire, n
17、for gabions and gabion mattresses,ametallic-coated steel wire or metallic-coated steel wire withPVC coating used to assemble and interconnect empty gabionunits, and to close and secure stone-filled units, used as analternate to spiral binders.3.2.4 spiral binder, n for gabions and gabion mattresses,
18、a length of metallic-coated steel wire or metallic-coated steelwire with PVC coating preformed into a spiral, used toassemble and interconnect empty gabion units, and to close andsecure stone-filled units, used as an alternate to lacing wire.3.2.5 stiffener, nfor gabions, a length of metallic-coated
19、steel wire or metallic-coated steel wire with PVC coating usedfor support by forming a diagonal brace across the corners,inside of the gabion container. Stiffeners are produced usinglacing wire for on-site applications or shipped preformed usingheavier wire gage as shown in Table 3.3.2.6 welded wire
20、 fabric, nmaterial composed of a seriesof longitudinal and transverse steel wires arranged substan-tially at right angles to each other, and welded together at thepoints of intersection by electrical resistance welding to formfabricated sheets.4. Classification4.1 Welded wire gabions are classified
21、according to coating,as follows:4.1.1 Style 1, consists of welded wire fabric made from wirewhich is zinc-coated before being welded into fabric. Spiralbinders, lacing wire, and stiffeners are produced from zinc-coated wire.4.1.2 Style 2, consists of welded wire fabric which is madefrom uncoated wir
22、e and the fabric is subsequently zinc-coatedafter fabrication. Spiral binders, lacing wire, and stiffeners areproduced from zinc-coated wire.4.1.3 Style 3, consists of welded wire fabric made from wirewhich is coated with zinc-5 % aluminum-mischmetal alloy(Zn-5Al-MM) before being welded into fabric.
23、 Spiral binders,lacing wire, and stiffeners are also produced from zinc-5 %aluminum-mischmetal alloy (Zn-5Al-MM) coated wire.4.1.4 Style 4, consists of welded wire fabric made from wirewhich is aluminum-coated before being welded into fabric.Spiral binders, lacing wire, and stiffeners are also produ
24、cedfrom aluminum-coated (aluminized) wire.4.1.5 Style 5, consists of welded wire fabric, spiral binders,lacing wire, and stiffeners as Styles 1, 2, 3, or 4, and overcoatedwith PVC.5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for material to this specification should includethe following information:5.1.1 Quant
25、ity (number of units) as shown on plan,5.1.2 Gabions or gabion mattresses,5.1.3 Size (length by width by height),5.1.4 Style of coating (Section 4), including the specificstyle to be furnished, or all acceptable styles,5.1.5 ASTM designation and year of issue,5.1.6 Any special requirements (see 8.2.
26、5 and Note 2), and5.1.7 Certification, if required (see 15.1).NOTE 1Atypical ordering description is as follows: 100 gabions, 6 by3 by 3 ft, as shown on plans; Style 1, 2, 3, or 4; with required spiralbinders, lacing wire, and stiffeners; conforming to ASTM A974.6. Material and Manufacture6.1 The wi
27、re used in the manufacture of welded wire fabricfor use in gabions shall conform to the specifications in 6.1.1as appropriate for the style ordered, except the tensile strengthshall conform to 7.1. The wire may be produced from anygrade of steel listed in Specification A853.6.1.1 Style 1 welded wire
28、 fabric shall be manufactured fromzinc-coated steel wire conforming to Specification A641/A641M. Style 2 welded wire fabric shall be manufactured fromuncoated steel wire conforming to Specification A853, and thefabric subsequently zinc-coated by the hot-dip process. Style 3welded wire fabric shall b
29、e manufactured from Zn-5Al-MMcoated steel wire conforming to Specification A856/A856M.Style 4 welded wire fabric shall be manufactured fromaluminum-coated steel wire conforming to Specification A809.6.2 Spiral binders, lacing wire, and stiffeners shall be madeof wire having a tensile strength in acc
30、ordance with 7.1, havingthe same coating material as the welded wire fabric furnishedon the order, and conforming to Specification A641/A641M,A856/A856M,orA809, as appropriate6.3 Wire for welded wire fabric shall be assembled byautomatic machines or other suitable mechanical means thatwill ensure ac
31、curate spacing and alignment of all members ofthe finished fabric. Longitudinal and transverse members of thewelded wire fabric shall be connected at every intersection inaccordance with the requirements of 7.2 by the process ofelectric resistance welding, which employs the principle offusion combin
32、ed with pressure.FIG. 1 GabionA974 97 (2016)26.4 The PVC coating used in the manufacture of PVC-coated gabions and gabion mattresses shall conform to theproperties in 8.2 and 8.36.4.1 The PVC-coated welded wire fabric shall have thePVC coating fused and bonded onto the metallic-coatedwelded wire fab
33、ric after fabrication of mesh. No cutting of thepanels closer than14 618 in. (6 6 3.18 mm) to the weld shallbe permitted after fabrication in order to prevent exposure nearthe welds.6.4.2 The PVC-coated wire for spiral binders, lacing wire,and stiffeners shall have the PVC coating fused and bonded o
34、rextruded and adhered, onto the metallic-coated wire.TABLE 1 Typical Gabion SizesLength, ft (cm) Width, ft (cm) Height, ft (cm) Number of Cells Capacity, yd3(m3)6 (182.9) 3 (91.4) 3 (91.4) 2 2.0 (1.53)9 (274.3) 3 (91.4) 3 (91.4) 3 3.0 (2.29)12 (365.8) 3 (91.4) 3 (91.4) 4 4.0 (3.06)6 (182.9) 3 (91.4)
35、 1.5 (45.7) 2 1.0 (0.765)9 (274.3) 3 (91.4) 1.5 (45.7) 3 1.5 (1.15)12 (365.8) 3 (91.4) 1.5 (45.7) 4 2.0 (1.53)6 (182.9) 3 (91.4) 1 (30.5) 2 0.66 (0.50)9 (274.3) 3 (91.4) 1 (30.5) 3 1.0 (0.765)12 (365.8) 3 (91.4) 1 (30.5) 4 1.33 (1.02)FIG. 2 Gabion MattressTABLE 2 Typical Gabion Mattress SizesLength,
36、 ft (cm) Width, ft (cm) Height, ft (cm) Number of Cells Area, yd2(m2)9 (274.3) 6 (182.9) 0.5 (15.2) 3 6.0 (5.2)12 (365.8) 6 (182.9) 0.5 (15.2) 4 8.0 (6.69)9 (274.3) 6 (182.9) 0.75 (22.9) 3 6.0 (5.2)12 (365.8) 6 (182.9) 0.75 (22.9) 4 8.0 (6.69)9 (274.3) 6 (182.9) 1.0 (30.0) 3 6.0 (5.2)12 (365.8) 6 (1
37、82.9) 1.0 (30.0) 4 8.0 (6.69)TABLE 3 Wire DiametersMinimum Nominal Diameter,Metallic-Coated Wire, in. (mm)AMinimum Diameter PVC-CoatedWire (Including Coating), in. (mm)BNominal Diameter, PVC-Coated Wire(Including Coating), in. (mm)CWire for PVC-coated gabions 0.106 (2.7) 0.136 (3.5) 0.146 (3.7)Wire
38、for metallic-coated gabions 0.120 (3.05) N/A N/AWire for gabion mattresses 0.087 (2.2) 0.117 (3.0) 0.127 (3.2)Spiral binders for gabions:PVC-coated 0.106 (2.7) 0.136 (3.5) 0.146 (3.7)Metallic-coated 0.120 (3.05) N/A N/ASpiral binders for gabion mattresses, metallic- orPVC-coated0.087 (2.2) 0.117 (3.
39、0) 0.127 (3.2)Lacing wire 0.087 (2.2) 0.117 (3.0) 0.127 (3.2)Stiffeners:Lacing wire 0.087 (2.2) 0.117 (3.0) 0.127 (3.2)Preformed 0.120 (3.05) 0.150 (3.8) 0.160 (4.0)AThe metallic-coated wire shall have the size tolerances in accordance with Specifications A641/A641M, A856/A856M, and A809, as applica
40、ble.BThe minimum thickness of PVC which covers the wire shall be 15 mils (0.015 in. or 0.38 mm), measured radially at any cross section transverse to the wire length.CThe nominal thickness of PVC which covers the wire shall be 20 mils (0.020 in. or 0.51 mm), measured radially at any cross section tr
41、ansverse to the wire length.A974 97 (2016)36.5 Gabions and gabion mattresses shall be manufacturedwith all components mechanically connected at the productionfacility with the exception of the mattress lid which is producedseparately from the base (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2). All gabions (Fig.3) and gabion
42、mattresses (Fig. 4) shall be supplied in thecollapsed form, either folded and bundled or rolled, forshipping.7. Mechanical Properties7.1 Tensile Strength The tensile strength of the wire usedfor the welded wire fabric, spiral binders, lacing wire, andstiffeners shall be soft or medium in accordance
43、with therequirements of Specifications A641/A641M (Style 1), A856/A856M (Style 3), and A809 (Style 4) or hard drawn inaccordance with Specification A853 (Style 2). The cross-sectional area of the test specimen shall be based on thediameter of the metallic coated wire. All the wires used in thefabric
44、ation of gabions and gabion mattresses must use the sametemper wire per given order.7.2 Weld Shear StrengthThe minimum average shearvalue in pounds-force shall be 70 % of the breaking strength ofthe wire or as indicated in the table as follows, whichever isgreater, when tested in accordance with 13.
45、4 (see SpecificationA185/A185M). Typical minimum average shear strengths asspecified are as follows:Wire Diameter, in.(mm)Minimum Average ShearStrength, lb (N)Minimum Shear Strength,lb (N)0.087 (2.2) 292 (1300) 225 (1000)0.106 (2.7) 472 (2100) 360 (1600)0.120 (3.05) 584 (2600) 450 (2000)7.2.1 Confor
46、mance to Requirement The material shall bedeemed to conform with the requirements for weld shearstrength if the average of the test results of the first fourspecimens tested complies with the value in 7.2,oriftheaverage of the test results for all welds tested complies with thevalue in 7.2.7.3 Panel
47、 to Panel Joint StrengthThe minimum strengthof the joined panels, when tested as described in 13.5, shall beas follows:Exterior Panels, lb/ft(kN/m)Diaphragm Panels, lb/ft(kN/m)Gabions 1400 (20.4) 600 (8.7)Gabion mattresses 600 (8.7) 300 (4.35)8. Physical Properties8.1 Metallic Coating The coating we
48、ights shall conformto the requirements of Specification A641/A641M Class 3 forzinc coating (including the zinc coating on the Style 2 fabric),Specification A856/A856M Class 3 for Zn-5Al-MM coating,or Specification A809 for aluminum coating.8.2 PVC for Coating The initial properties of PVC coat-ing m
49、aterial shall have a demonstrated ability to conform to thefollowing requirements:8.2.1 Specific Gravity In the range from 1.20 to 1.40,when tested in accordance with Test Method D792.8.2.2 Tensile Strength Not less than 2275 psi (15.7 MPa),when tested in accordance with Test Method D638.8.2.3 Modulus of ElasticityNot less than 1980 psi (13.7MPa) at 100 strain, when tested in accordance with TestMethod D638.8.2.4 HardnessShore“ A” not less than 75, when tested inaccordance with Test Method D2240.8.2.5 Brittleness TemperatureNot higher than 15F(-9C), or l
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