1、Designation: A985/A985M 11aStandard Specification forSteel Investment Castings General Requirements, forPressure-Containing Parts1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A985/A985M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of
2、 revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers a group of common require-ments that are mandatory for steel casting
3、s produced by theinvestment casting process for pressure-containing parts undereach of the following ASTM Specifications:Title of Specification ASTM DesignationSteel Castings, Carbon, Suitable for Fusion Welding, A216/A216Mfor High-Temperature ServiceSteel Castings, Martensitic Stainless and Alloy,
4、for A217/A217MPressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for High-Temperature ServiceCastings, Austenitic, Austenitic-Ferritic (Duplex), A351/A351Mfor Pressure-Containing PartsSteel Castings, Ferritic and Martensitic, for Pressure- A352/A352MContaining Parts, Suitable for Low-TemperatureServiceSteel Castin
5、gs, Alloy, Specially Heat-Treated, for A389/A389MPressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for High-Temperature ServiceSteel Castings Suitable for Pressure Service A487/A487M1.2 This specification also covers a group of supplementaryrequirements, which may be applied to the above specificationsas indicate
6、d therein. These requirements are provided for usewhen additional testing or inspection is desired and apply onlywhen specified individually by the purchaser in the order.1.3 When investment casting is ordered, the requirements ofthis specification shall take precedence over the individualmaterial s
7、pecification requirements.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may resu
8、lt in non-conformancewith the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory l
9、imitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A216/A216M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon,Suitable for Fusion Welding, for High-Temperature Ser-viceA217/A217M Specification for Steel Castings, MartensiticStainless and Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suit-able for H
10、igh-Temperature ServiceA351/A351M Specification for Castings, Austenitic, forPressure-Containing PartsA352/A352M Specification for Steel Castings, Ferritic andMartensitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable forLow-Temperature ServiceA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Ste
11、el ProductsA380 Practice for Cleaning, Descaling, and Passivation ofStainless Steel Parts, Equipment, and SystemsA389/A389M Specification for Steel Castings, Alloy, Spe-cially Heat-Treated, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suit-able for High-Temperature ServiceA487/A487M Specification for Steel Castin
12、gs Suitable forPressure ServiceA488/A488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Quali-fications of Procedures and PersonnelA609/A609M Practice for Castings, Carbon, Low-Alloy,and Martensitic Stainless Steel, Ultrasonic ExaminationThereofA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-cal Ana
13、lysis of Steel ProductsA800/A800M Practice for Steel Casting, Austenitic Alloy,Estimating Ferrite Content ThereofA903/A903M Specification for Steel Castings, Surface Ac-ceptance Standards, Magnetic Particle and Liquid Pen-etrant InspectionA941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Re-lated
14、 Alloys, and FerroalloysA967 Specification for Chemical Passivation Treatmentsfor Stainless Steel Parts1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.18 on Castings.Current edition ap
15、proved Oct. 1, 2011. Published November 2011. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as A985/A985M 11.DOI: 10.1520/A0985_A0985M-11A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of
16、 ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.A991/A991M Test Meth
17、od for Conducting TemperatureUniformity Surveys of Furnaces Used to Heat Treat SteelProductsA1067 Specification for Test Coupons for Steel CastingsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE94 Guide for Radiographic ExaminationE125 Reference Ph
18、otographs for Magnetic Particle Indica-tions on Ferrous CastingsE165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for GeneralIndustryE186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 412-in. (50.8 to 114-mm) Steel CastingsE192 Reference Radiographs of Investment Steel Castingsfor Aerospace Applications
19、E208 Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test toDetermine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of FerriticSteelsE280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (412 to12-in. (114 to 305-mm) Steel CastingsE340 Test Method for Macroetching Metals and AlloysE353 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Sta
20、inless,Heat-Resisting, Maraging, and Other Similar Chromium-Nickel-Iron AlloysE354 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of High-Temperature, Electrical, Magnetic, and Other Similar Iron,Nickel, and Cobalt AlloysE446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to 2 in.(50.8 mm) in ThicknessE709 Guide f
21、or Magnetic Particle TestingE2660 Digital Reference Images for Investment Steel Cast-ings for Aerospace Applications2.2 ANSI Standard:3B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings2.3 ASME Standard:4ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III,NB-25462.4 Standards of the Manufacturers Standardization
22、 Soci-ety of the Valve and Fitting Industry:5MSS SP 53 Quality Standard for Steel Castings and Forg-ings for Valves, Flanges and Fittings and Other PipingComponents (Magnetic Particle Exam Method)MSS SP 54 Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves,Flanges and Fittings and Other Piping Component
23、s (Ra-diographic Examination Method)2.5 SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice:6ARP 1341 Determining Decarburization and Carburizationin Finished Parts of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steels3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe definitions in Test Methods and Defi-nitions A370 and Terminology A941 are applicable to
24、thisspecification and those listed in 1.1.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 heat, nall the molten metal poured from a singlefurnace or all of the molten metal from two or more furnacespoured into a single ladle or casting prior to the replenishing ofthe furnace(s).3.2.2 invest
25、ment casting, na metal casting that is pro-duced in a mold obtained by investing (surrounding) anexpendable pattern with a ceramic slurry, which is allowed tosolidify. The expendable pattern may consist of wax, plastic, orother material and is removed prior to filling the mold withliquid metal.3.2.3
26、 master heat, na single furnace charge of alloy thatmay be either poured directly into castings or into remelt alloyfor individual melts.3.2.4 subheat, na portion of master heat remelted withonly minor additions for deoxidation for pouring into castings.Syn. melt, production heat.4. Materials and Ma
27、nufacture4.1 Melting ProcessMaster heats shall be made by theelectric furnace process with or without separate refining suchas argon-oxygen-decarburization (AOD), vacuum-oxygen-degassing (VOD), vacuum-induction-melting (VIM), and soforth, unless otherwise specified in the individual specificationor
28、agreed upon between the customer and producer. Masterheats may be used directly for producing castings or convertedinto ingot, bar, shot, or other suitable form, not including gatesand risers from casting production, for later remelting as asubheat.4.2 Re-Melting ProcessSubheats shall be produced fr
29、ommaster heat metal in suitable batch sizes by electric inductionfurnace, with or without atmosphere protection, such asvacuum or inert gas unless otherwise agreed upon between thecustomer and producer. Revert (gates, sprues, risers, andrejected castings) shall not be remelted except in master heats
30、.4.3 Heat Treatment:4.3.1 Ferritic and martensitic steel shall be cooled afterpouring to provide substantially complete transformation ofaustenite prior to heat treatment to enhance mechanical prop-erties.4.3.2 Castings shall be heat treated in the working zone of afurnace that has been surveyed in
31、accordance with Test MethodA991/A991M.4.3.2.1 When castings are heat treated at temperaturesabove 2000F 1100C, then the working zone shall have beenestablished by a survey performed at not more than 25F15C below nor more than 200F 110C above the mini-mum heat treatment temperature specified for the
32、grade. If aminimum heat treatment temperature is not specified for thegrade, then the survey temperature shall be not more than 50F30C below nor more than 175F 100C above the furnaceset point used.4.3.2.2 The maximum variation in measured temperature asdetermined by the difference between the highes
33、t temperature3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.5A
34、vailable from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and FittingsIndustry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http:/www.mss-.6Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.A985/A985M 11a2and the lowest
35、temperature shall be as agreed between thepurchaser and producer except that during production heattreatment no portion of the furnace shall be below theminimum specified temperature nor above the maximumspecified temperature for the grade being processed.4.4 Sampling:4.4.1 If castings are poured di
36、rectly from one or moremaster heats, then the samples for chemical and other requiredtesting also shall be poured directly from each of the masterheats.4.4.2 If castings are poured from a subheat, then the samplesfor chemical and other required testing also shall be pouredfrom a subheat of that same
37、 master heat, but not necessarilyfrom the same subheat as the castings. The subheat used for thetest samples shall be produced using the same practices andadditions as used for the castings.4.4.3 Test specimens may be taken from castings or fromcoupons cast either integrally with the castings, in th
38、e samemolds as the castings, or in separate molds.4.4.4 Separately cast specimens for tension testing shall becast in molds of the same type and material as those used forthe castings, as shown in Specification A1067, Figs. 14,except when Supplementary Requirement S26 is specified. Thetest coupon in
39、 Specification A1067, Fig. 4 shall be employedonly for austenitic alloy castings with cross sections less than212 in.75. Chemical Composition5.1 Chemical AnalysisChemical analysis of materialscovered by this specification shall be in accordance with TestMethods, Practices, and Terminology A751.5.2 H
40、eat AnalysisAn analysis of samples obtained inaccordance with 4.4 or Supplementary Requirement S29 asappropriate, shall be made by the manufacturer to determinethe percentages of the elements specified for the grade beingpoured. When drillings are used, they shall be taken not lessthan116 in. 1.6 mm
41、 beneath the surface. The chemicalcomposition thus determined shall be reported to the purchaser,or his representative, and shall conform to the requirements inthe individual specification for the grade being poured.5.3 Product AnalysisA product analysis may be made bythe purchaser from material rep
42、resenting each master heat,subheat, lot, or casting. The analysis shall be made onrepresentative material. Samples for carbon analysis shall betaken no closer than116 in. 1.6 mm to a cast surface exceptthat castings too thin for this shall be analyzed on representa-tive material. The chemical compos
43、ition thus determined shallmeet the requirements specified in the applicable specificationfor the grade involved, or shall be subject to rejection by thepurchaser, except that the chemical composition determined forcarbon and low-alloy steel castings may vary from the speci-fied limits by the amount
44、s shown in Table 1. The productanalysis tolerances of Table 1 are not applicable as acceptancecriteria for heat analysis by the casting manufacturer. Whencomparing product and heat analysis for other than carbon andlow alloy steels, the reproducibility data R2, in Test MethodsE353 or E354, as applic
45、able, shall be taken into consideration.5.4 Unspecified ElementsWhen chemical analysis for el-ements not specified for the grade ordered is desired, Supple-mentary Requirement S1 may be specified.NOTE 1All commercial metals contain small amounts of variouselements in addition to those which are spec
46、ified. It is neither practical nornecessary to specify limits for every unspecified element that might bepresent, despite the fact that the presence of many of these elements oftenis determined routinely by the producer.5.5 Grade SubstitutionGrade substitution is not permit-ted. Grade substitution o
47、ccurs when the material being sup-plied contains one or more elements that are not specified forthe supplied material such that the material conforms to therequirements of a different grade.6. Mechanical Test Methods6.1 All mechanical tests shall be conducted in accordancewith Test Methods and Defin
48、itions A370.7Information on the relationship of mechanical properties determined on testcoupons obtained as specified in 4.4.4 with those obtained from the casting may befound in “The Steel Castings Handbook,” Fifth Edition, Steel Founders Society ofAmerica, 1980, pp. 15-35 through 15-43.TABLE 1 Pro
49、duct Analysis Tolerances for Carbon and Low-AlloySteelsElement RangeATolerancesB,Cover maxor under min, Limit, %Carbon (C) up to 0.65 % 0.03 3 %CL+ 0.02above 0.65 % 0.04 %Manganese (Mn) up to 1 % 0.08 3 %MnL+ 0.01above 1 % 0.09Silicon (Si) up to 0.60 % 0.22 3 %SiL- 0.01above 0.60 % 0.15 %Phosphorus (P) all 0.13 3 %PL+ 0.005Sulfur (S) all 0.36 3 %SL+ 0.001Nickel (Ni) up to 2 % 0.10 3 %NiL+ 0.003above 2 % 0.25 %Chromium (Cr) up to 2 % 0.07 3 %CrL+ 0.04above 2 % 0.18 %Molybdenum (Mo) up to 0.6 % 0.04 3 %MoL+ 0.03above 0.6 % 0.06 %V
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