ASTM A990-2011 Standard Specification for Castings Iron-Nickel-Chromium and Nickel Alloys Specially Controlled for Pressure Retaining Parts for Corrosive Service《防腐设备承压部件专门控制用铁镍铬及镍.pdf

1、Designation:A99010a Designation: A990 11 Standard Specication for Castings, Iron-Nickel-Chromium and Nickel Alloys, Specially Controlled for Pressure Retaining Parts for Corrosive Service 1 This standard is issued under the xed designation A990; the number immediately following the designation indic

2、ates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon ( ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. 1. Scope* 1.1 This specication covers iron-nickel-c

3、hromium and nickel alloy castings specially processed with restricted melt practices, weldability testing, and nondestructive examination (NDE) requirements. 1.2 Anumber of grades of iron-nickel-chromium and nickel alloy castings are included in this specication. Since these grades possess varying d

4、egrees of suitability for service in corrosive environments, it is the responsibility of the purchaser to determine which grade shall be furnished. Selection will depend on design and service conditions, mechanical properties, and corrosion-resistant characteristics. 1.3 The values stated in either

5、SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3.1 This sp

6、ecication is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract species the applicable M specication designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets or parentheses. 1.4 This standard does no

7、t purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standa

8、rds: 2 A351/A351M Specication for Castings, Austenitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts A370 Test Methods and Denitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products A488/A488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualications of Procedures and Personnel A494/A494M Specication for Castings, Nickel and Nic

9、kel Alloy A703/A703M Specication for Steel Castings, General Requirements, for Pressure-Containing Parts A743/A743M Specication for Castings, Iron-Chromium, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for General Applica- tion A744/A744M Specication for Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resis

10、tant, for Severe Service A802/A802M Practice for Steel Castings, Surface Acceptance Standards, Visual Examination A903/A903M Specication for Steel Castings, Surface Acceptance Standards, Magnetic Particle and Liquid Penetrant Inspection A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Al

11、loys, and Ferroalloys A985/A985M Specication for Steel Investment Castings General Requirements, for Pressure-Containing Parts E94 Guide for Radiographic Examination E165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General Industry E186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 412-in. (50.8 to

12、 114-mm) Steel Castings E272 Reference Radiographs for High-Strength Copper-Base and Nickel-Copper Alloy Castings E280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (412 to 12-in. (114 to 305-mm) Steel Castings 1 This specication is under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeA01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and R

13、elatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.18 on Castings. Current edition approved Oct.May 1, 2010.2011. Published November 2010.June 2011. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as A990 10a. DOI: 10.1520/A0990-10A.10.1520/A0990-11. 2 For reference

14、dASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website. 1 This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the

15、 user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version of the standa

16、rd as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document. *A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard. Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.E446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to

17、2 in. (50.8 mm) in Thickness 2.2 AWS Standards: 3 AWS A5.4, Specication for Stainless Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding AWS A5.9, Specication for Bare Stainless Steel Welding Electrodes and Rods AWS A5.11/A5.11M, Specication for Nickel and Nickel Alloy Welding Electrodes for Shielded M

18、etal Arc Welding AWS A5.14/A5.14M, Specication for Nickel and Nickel-Alloy Bare Welding Electrodes and Rods 2.3 ASME/ANSI Standard: 4 ASME/ANSI B16.34, Valves-Flanged, Threaded, and Welding End 3. Terminology 3.1 DenitionsThe denitions in Test Methods and Denitions A370 and Terminology A941 are appl

19、icable to this specication. 3.2 Denitions of Terms Specic to This Standard: 3.2.1 accessible surface, nsurface that can be welded on without cutting access holes in the casting. 3.2.2 rened ingot, nmetal processed by argon-oxygen-decarburization (AOD) or vacuum-oxygen-decarburization (VOD) and cast

20、to a size and shape suitable for remelting. 3.2.3 revert, ngates, risers, and castings. Also includes scrapped machinery and fabricated items, chips, and turnings. 4. General Conditions for Delivery 4.1 Other than investment castings, material furnished to this specication shall conform to the requi

21、rements of Specication A703/A703M, including any supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure to comply with the generalrequirementsofSpecicationA703/A703Mconstitutesnonconformancewiththisspecication.Incaseofconictbetween the requirements of this specication and Speci

22、cation A703/A703M, this specication shall prevail. 4.2 Investment Castings Material furnished to this specication shall conform to the requirements of Specication A985/A985M, including any supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure to comply with the generalrequirem

23、entsofSpecicationA985/A985Mconstitutesnonconformancewiththisspecication.Incaseofconictbetween the requirements of this specication and Specication A985/A985M, Specication A985/A985M shall prevail. 5. Ordering Information 5.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all requirements that

24、are necessary for material ordered to this 3 Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd., Miami, FL 33126, http:/www.aws.org. 4 Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/ www.

25、asme.org. TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements Element, % (max, except where range is given) Grade CW-2M CN3MCu M35-1 CW2MC N2M CK3MCuN CW-2M CN3MCu M35-1 CW2MC N2M C 0.020 0.030 0.35 0.020 0.020 C 0.025 0.020 0.030 0.35 0.020 0.020 Mn 1.00 1.50 1.50 1.00 1.00 Mn 1.20 1.00 1.50 1.50 1.00 1.00 Si 0.80 1.00

26、1.25 0.45 0.80 Si 0.75 0.80 1.00 1.25 0.45 0.80 P 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.015 0.030 P 0.020 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.015 0.030 S 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 S 0.010 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 Mo 15.0-17.5 2.0-3.0 . 8.0-10.0 30.0-33.0 Mo 6.0-7.0 15.0-17.5 2.0-3.0 . 8.0-10.0 30.0-33.0 Fe 2.00 balance 3.5

27、5.0 3.00 Fe balance 2.00 balance 3.5 5.0 3.00 Ni balance 27.5-30.5 Balance Balance Balance Ni 17.5-19.5 balance 27.5-30.5 Balance Balance Balance Cr 15.0-17.5 19.0-22.0 . 20.0-23.0 1.00 Cr 19.5-20.5 15.0-17.5 19.0-22.0 . 20.0-23.0 1.00 N 0.18-0.24 Cu . 3.0-3.5 26.0-33.0 0.50 0.20 Cu 0.50-1.00 . 3.0-

28、3.5 26.0-33.0 0.50 0.20 W 1.00 . . . . . . 0.50 0.20 V . . . . . . . 0.20 0.20 Cb . . . 3.1-4.5 . A990 11 2specication. Such requirements may include, but are not limited to, the following: 5.1.1 Quantity. 5.1.2 Grade designation (Table 1). 5.1.3 Description of the casting by pattern number or drawi

29、ng. Dimensional tolerances should be included on the casting drawing. 5.1.4 Nondestructive inspection class required (Table 2). Class D will be supplied unless otherwise specied. 5.1.5 Wetted surfaces (Table 2). 5.2 Thepurchasershallspecifyanysupplementaryrequirementsdesired,includingstandardsofacce

30、ptance,requiredtodescribe adequately the desired material. 6. Process and Manufacture 6.1 Alloys, except for nickel base, 25 to 35 % Cu alloys, shall be made by one of the two following processes: 6.1.1 Electric arc or induction furnace melting followed by AOD or VOD rening, or 6.1.2 Electric induct

31、ion furnace melting of rened ingot. 6.2 Nickel base alloys with 25 to 35 % Cu shall be made by 6.1.1 or 6.1.2 or by electric furnace. 6.3 Additions of up to 5 % are permitted for compositional adjustments and deoxidation. 6.4 Revert shall not be used. 7. Chemical Composition 7.1 These alloys shall c

32、onform to the chemical composition requirements prescribed in Table 1. An analysis of every heat is required. 8. Tensile Properties 8.1 One tension test shall be made from each heat. Test results shall conform to the tensile requirements specied in Table 3. The bar shall be solution heat treated per

33、 the requirements of Table 4 in production furnaces to the same procedure as the castings it represents. If the casting grade does not require heat treatment, the bar used for the test specimen shall not be heat treated. 9. Weldability Qualication 9.1 Each heat shall be qualied by weldability testin

34、g. TABLE 2 Nondestructive Examination Requirements Maximum Casting Thickness Class Visual Examination, Practice A802/A802M Minimum Acceptance Level Radiographic Examination, Guide E94 Number of Castings Severity Level per Table 6 Liquid Penetrant Examination, Test Method E165 Coverage Minimum Accept

35、ance Level per Specication A903/A903M less than 5 8 in. (15.9 mm) A Level I 100 % All accessible surfaces Level I less than 5 8 in. (15.9 mm) A Level I 100 % All accessible surfaces Level II B Level II 100 % All accessible wetted surfaces Level II C Level II Initial casting off pattern Weld repairs

36、Level II D Level II Initial casting off pattern NA NA 5 8 to 1 in. (15.9 to 25.4 mm) A Level I 100 % All accessible surfaces Level II 5 8 to 1 in. (15.9 to 25.4 mm) A Level I 100 % All accessible surfaces Level III B Level II 100 % All accessible wetted surfaces Level III C Level II Initial casting

37、off pattern Weld repairs Level III D Level II Initial casting off pattern NA NA Over 1 to 2 in. (25.4 to 50.8 mm) A Level I 100 % All accessible surfaces Level III Over 1 to 2 in. (25.4 to 50.8 mm) A Level I 100 % All accessible surfaces Level IV B Level II 100 % All accessible wetted surfaces Level

38、 IV C Level II Initial casting off pattern Weld repairs Level IV D Level II Initial casting off pattern NA NA Over 2 to 4 1 2 in. (50.8 to 114 mm) A Level II 100 % All accessible surfaces Level IV B Level II 100 % All accessible wetted surfaces Level IV C Level III Initial casting off pattern Weld r

39、epairs Level V D Level III Initial casting off pattern NA NA Over 4 1 2 in. (114 mm) A Level III 100 % All accessible surfaces Level V B Level III 100 % All accessible wetted surfaces Level V C Level IV Initial casting off pattern Weld repairs Level V D Level IV Initial casting off pattern NA NA A99

40、0 11 39.2 Sampling: 9.2.1 The weldability test plate shall be cast in accordance with Fig. 1. 9.2.2 For heats produced under 6.1.1, at least one weldability test plate shall be cast from each heat. 9.2.3 For heats produced under 6.1.2, at least one weldability test plate shall be cast from the rst h

41、eat in an uninterrupted series of heats, made in the same furnace from the same heat of rened ingot using the same melting procedure, and shall qualify all of the subsequent heats in that series made in the same shift. 9.3 Procedure: 9.3.1 The test plates required under 9.2 shall be processed and te

42、sted as follows: 9.3.1.1 Prior to welding, the test plate shall be solution heat treated according to the requirements of Table 4 in production furnaces to the same procedure as the castings it represents. 9.3.1.2 All forms of cold working, mechanical deformation, hammering, or peening, in excess of

43、 that required for normal cleaning is prohibited. 9.3.1.3 Fill the groove in the plate with weld deposit according to the procedure used in Section 11 and the ller material grade specied in Table 5. 9.3.1.4 For the purposes of the weldability test only, post weld heat treatment of the test plate is

44、prohibited even if part of the procedure. Remove one 3 8-in. (10-mm) min thick bend coupon longitudinally from the center of the welded plate by machining, sawing, or abrasive cutting. Make a transverse side bend test of the welded joint in accordance with Practice A488/A488M. 9.4 Acceptance: 9.4.1

45、On the bent specimen, cracks or other open defects exceeding 1 8 in. (3.2 mm), measured in any direction on the convex surface shall be cause for rejection, except that cracks occurring on and limited to the corners while testing shall not be considered. 10. Nondestructive Examination 10.1 One of fo

46、ur different classes of nondestructive examination shall be imposed on castings ordered to this specication. Classes A, B, C, and D are dened in Table 2. Each class imposes specic requirements for three different NDE methods. Class D will be supplied unless otherwise specied. 10.2 Visual Examination

47、Each casting shall be examined visually in accordance with Practice A802/A802M. Fusion discontinuities, expansion discontinuities, and inserts are unacceptable.All other surface features must meet the acceptance criteria class in Table 2. 10.3 Radiographic Examination: 10.3.1 The number of castings

48、to be examined radiographically and the acceptance criteria shall be in accordance with the specied class in Table 2 and Table 6. TABLE 3 Tensile Requirements Grade CW-2M CN3MCu M35-1 CW2MC N2M CK3MCuN CW-2M CN3MCu M35-1 CW2MC N2M Tensile strength, min, psi (MPa) 72 000 495 62 000 425 65 000 450 70

49、000 485 76 000 525 Tensile strength, min, psi MPa 80,000 550 72 000 495 62 000 425 65 000 450 70 000 485 76 000 525 0.2 % offset yield strength, min, psi (MPa) 40 000 275 25 000 170 25 000 170 40 000 275 40 000 275 0.2 % offset yield strength, min, psi MPa 38,000 260 40 000 275 25 000 170 25 000 170 40 000 275 40 000 275 Elongation in 2 in. (50 mm), min, % A 35.0 20.0 35.0 25.0 25.0 20.0 Elongation in 2 in. 50 mm, min, % A 35.0 20.0 35.0 25.0 25.0 20.0