ASTM B117-2011 Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus《盐雾(烟)装置的标准操作规程》.pdf

1、Designation: B117 11Standard Practice forOperating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B117; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthe

2、ses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers the apparatus, procedure, andconditions required t

3、o create and maintain the salt spray (fog)test environment. Suitable apparatus which may be used isdescribed in Appendix X1.1.2 This practice does not prescribe the type of test speci-men or exposure periods to be used for a specific product, northe interpretation to be given to the results.1.3 The

4、values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priat

5、e safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B368 Test Method for Copper-Accelerated Acetic Acid-SaltSpray (Fog) Testing (CASS Test)D609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panelsfor Testing

6、 Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, andRelated Coating ProductsD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD1654 Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or CoatedSpecimens Subjected to Corrosive EnvironmentsE70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With theGlass ElectrodeE691 Practice for Conducting an I

7、nterlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodG85 Practice for Modified Salt Spray (Fog) Testing3. Significance and Use3.1 This practice provides a controlled corrosive environ-ment which has been utilized to produce relative corrosionresistance information for specimens of metals a

8、nd coatedmetals exposed in a given test chamber.3.2 Prediction of performance in natural environments hasseldom been correlated with salt spray results when used asstand alone data.3.2.1 Correlation and extrapolation of corrosion perfor-mance based on exposure to the test environment provided bythis

9、 practice are not always predictable.3.2.2 Correlation and extrapolation should be consideredonly in cases where appropriate corroborating long-term atmo-spheric exposures have been conducted.3.3 The reproducibility of results in the salt spray exposureis highly dependent on the type of specimens te

10、sted and theevaluation criteria selected, as well as the control of theoperating variables. In any testing program, sufficient repli-cates should be included to establish the variability of theresults. Variability has been observed when similar specimensare tested in different fog chambers even thou

11、gh the testingconditions are nominally similar and within the ranges speci-fied in this practice.4. Apparatus4.1 The apparatus required for salt spray (fog) exposureconsists of a fog chamber, a salt solution reservoir, a supply ofsuitably conditioned compressed air, one or more atomizingnozzles, spe

12、cimen supports, provision for heating the chamber,and necessary means of control. The size and detailed con-struction of the apparatus are optional, provided the conditionsobtained meet the requirements of this practice.4.2 Drops of solution which accumulate on the ceiling orcover of the chamber sha

13、ll not be permitted to fall on thespecimens being exposed.4.3 Drops of solution which fall from the specimens shallnot be returned to the solution reservoir for respraying.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G01 on Corrosionof Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcomm

14、ittee G01.05 on LaboratoryCorrosion Tests.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published November 2011. Originallyapproved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as B11709. DOI:10.1520/B0117-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer S

15、ervice at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1

16、9428-2959, United States.4.4 Material of construction shall be such that it will notaffect the corrosiveness of the fog.4.5 All water used for this practice shall conform to Type IVwater in Specification D1193 (except that for this practicelimits for chlorides and sodium may be ignored). This does n

17、otapply to running tap water. All other water will be referred toas reagent grade.5. Test Specimens5.1 The type and number of test specimens to be used, aswell as the criteria for the evaluation of the test results, shall bedefined in the specifications covering the material or productbeing exposed

18、or shall be mutually agreed upon between thepurchaser and the seller.6. Preparation of Test Specimens6.1 Specimens shall be suitably cleaned. The cleaningmethod shall be optional depending on the nature of the surfaceand the contaminants. Care shall be taken that specimens arenot recontaminated afte

19、r cleaning by excessive or carelesshandling.6.2 Specimens for the evaluation of paints and other organiccoatings shall be prepared in accordance with applicablespecification(s) for the material(s) being exposed, or as agreedupon between the purchaser and the supplier. Otherwise, thetest specimens sh

20、all consist of steel meeting the requirementsof Practice D609 and shall be cleaned and prepared for coatingin accordance with the applicable procedure of Practice D609.6.3 Specimens coated with paints or nonmetallic coatingsshall not be cleaned or handled excessively prior to test.6.4 Whenever it is

21、 desired to determine the development ofcorrosion from an abraded area in the paint or organic coating,a scratch or scribed line shall be made through the coating witha sharp instrument so as to expose the underlying metal beforetesting. The conditions of making the scratch shall be asdefined in Tes

22、t Method D1654, unless otherwise agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the seller.6.5 Unless otherwise specified, the cut edges of plated,coated, or duplex materials and areas containing identificationmarks or in contact with the racks or supports shall beprotected with a suitable coating stable unde

23、r the conditions ofthe practice.NOTE 1Should it be desirable to cut test specimens from parts or frompreplated, painted, or otherwise coated steel sheet, the cut edges shall beprotected by coating them with paint, wax, tape, or other effective mediaso that the development of a galvanic effect betwee

24、n such edges and theadjacent plated or otherwise coated metal surfaces, is prevented.7. Position of Specimens During Exposure7.1 The position of the specimens in the salt spray chamberduring the test shall be such that the following conditions aremet:7.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, the specimens s

25、hall besupported or suspended between 15 and 30 from the verticaland preferably parallel to the principal direction of flow of fogthrough the chamber, based upon the dominant surface beingtested.7.1.2 The specimens shall not contact each other or anymetallic material or any material capable of actin

26、g as a wick.7.1.3 Each specimen shall be placed to permit unencum-bered exposure to the fog.7.1.4 Salt solution from one specimen shall not drip on anyother specimen.NOTE 2Suitable materials for the construction or coating of racks andsupports are glass, rubber, plastic, or suitably coated wood. Bar

27、e metalshall not be used. Specimens shall preferably be supported from thebottom or the side. Slotted wooden strips are suitable for the support of flatpanels. Suspension from glass hooks or waxed string may be used as longas the specified position of the specimens is obtained, if necessary bymeans

28、of secondary support at the bottom of the specimens.8. Salt Solution8.1 The salt solution shall be prepared by dissolving 5 6 1parts by mass of sodium chloride in 95 parts of waterconforming to Type IV water in Specification D1193 (exceptthat for this practice limits for chlorides and sodium may bei

29、gnored). Careful attention should be given to the chemicalcontent of the salt. The salt used shall be sodium chloride withnot more than 0.3 % by mass of total impurities. Halides(Bromide, Fluoride, and Iodide) other than Chloride shallconstitute less than 0.1 % by mass of the salt content. Coppercon

30、tent shall be less than 0.3 ppm by mass. Sodium chloridethat has had anti-caking agents added shall not be used becausesuch agents may act as corrosion inhibitors. See Table 1 for alisting of these impurity restrictions. Upon agreement betweenthe purchaser and the seller, analysis may be required an

31、dlimits established for elements or compounds not specified inthe chemical composition given above.8.2 The pH of the salt solution shall be such that whenatomized at 35C (95F) the collected solution will be in thepH range from 6.5 to 7.2 (Note 3). Before the solution isatomized it shall be free of s

32、uspended solids (Note 4). The pHmeasurement shall be made at 23 6 3C (73 6 5F) using asuitable glass pH-sensing electrode, reference electrode, andpH meter system in accordance with Test Method E70.pHmeasurement shall be recorded once daily (except on week-ends, or holidays when the salt spray test

33、is not interrupted forexposing, rearranging, or removing test specimens or to checkand replenish the solution in the reservoir. The maximuminterval between pH measurements shall not exceed 96 h).Only diluted, reagent grade hydrochloric acid (HCl) or reagentgrade sodium hydroxide (NaOH) shall be used

34、 to adjust thepH.NOTE 3Temperature affects the pH of a salt solution prepared fromwater saturated with carbon dioxide at room temperature and pH adjust-ment may be made by the following three methods:(1) When the pH of a salt solution is adjusted at room temperature, andatomized at 35C (95F), the pH

35、 of the collected solution will be higherthan the original solution due to the loss of carbon dioxide at the highertemperature. When the pH of the salt solution is adjusted at roomtemperature, it is therefore necessary to adjust it below 6.5 so the collectedsolution after atomizing at 35C (95F) will

36、 meet the pH limits of 6.5 to7.2. Take about a 50-mL sample of the salt solution as prepared at roomtemperature, boil gently for 30 s, cool, and determine the pH. When thepH of the salt solution is adjusted to 6.5 to 7.2 by this procedure, the pHof the atomized and collected solution at 35C (95F) wi

37、ll come withinthis range.(2) Heating the salt solution to boiling and cooling to 35C (95F) andmaintaining it at 35C (95F) for approximately 48 h before adjusting thepH produces a solution the pH of which does not materially change whenB117 112atomized at 35C (95F).(3) Heating the water from which th

38、e salt solution is prepared to 35C(95F) or above, to expel carbon dioxide, and adjusting the pH of the saltsolution within the limits of 6.5 to 7.2 produces a solution the pH of whichdoes not materially change when atomized at 35C (95F).NOTE 4The freshly prepared salt solution may be filtered or dec

39、antedbefore it is placed in the reservoir, or the end of the tube leading from thesolution to the atomizer may be covered with a double layer of cheeseclothto prevent plugging of the nozzle.NOTE 5The pH can be adjusted by additions of dilute ACS reagentgrade hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide sol

40、utions.9. Air Supply9.1 The compressed air supply to the Air Saturator Towershall be free of grease, oil, and dirt before use by passingthrough well-maintained filters. (Note 6) This air should bemaintained at a sufficient pressure at the base of the AirSaturator Tower to meet the suggested pressure

41、s of Table 2 atthe top of the Air Saturator Tower.NOTE 6The air supply may be freed from oil and dirt by passing itthrough a suitable oil/water extractor (that is commercially available) tostop any oil from reaching the Air Saturator Tower. Many oil/waterextractors have an expiration indicator, prop

42、er preventive maintenanceintervals should take these into account.9.2 The compressed air supply to the atomizer nozzle ornozzles shall be conditioned by introducing it into the bottomof a tower filled with water. A common method of introducingthe air is through an air dispersion device (X1.4.1). The

43、 levelof the water must be maintained automatically to ensureadequate humidification. It is common practice to maintain thetemperature in this tower between 46 and 49C (114121F) tooffset the cooling effect of expansion to atmospheric pressureduring the atomization process. Table 2 shows the temperat

44、ure,at different pressures, that are commonly used to offset thecooling effect of expansion to atmospheric pressure.9.3 Careful attention should be given to the relationship oftower temperature to pressure since this relationship can havea direct impact to maintaining proper collection rates (Note 7

45、).It is preferable to saturate the air at temperatures well above thechamber temperature as insurance of a wet fog as listed inTable 2.NOTE 7If the tower is run outside of these suggested temperature andpressure ranges to achieve proper collection rates as described in 10.2 ofthis practice, other me

46、ans of verifying the proper corrosion rate in thechamber should be investigated, such as the use of control specimens(panels of known performance in the test conducted). It is preferred thatcontrol panels be provided that bracket the expected test specimenperformance. The controls allow for the norm

47、alization of test conditionsduring repeated running of the test and will also allow comparisons of testresults from different repeats of the same test. (Refer to Appendix X3,Evaluation of Corrosive Conditions, for mass loss procedures).10. Conditions in the Salt Spray Chamber10.1 TemperatureThe expo

48、sure zone of the salt spraychamber shall be maintained at 35 6 2C (95 6 3F). Each setpoint and its tolerance represents an operational control pointfor equilibrium conditions at a single location in the cabinetwhich may not necessarily represent the uniformity of condi-tions throughout the cabinet.

49、The temperature within theexposure zone of the closed cabinet shall be recorded (Note 8)at least once daily (except on Saturdays, Sundays, and holidayswhen the salt spray test is not interrupted for exposing,rearranging, or removing test specimens or to check andreplenish the solution in the reservoir)NOTE 8A suitable method to record the temperature is by a continu-ous recording device or by a thermometer which can be read from outsidethe closed cabinet. The recorded temperature must be obtained with thesalt spray chamber closed to avoid a false lo