1、Designation: B154 16Standard Test Method forMercurous Nitrate Test for Copper Alloys1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B154; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in p
2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method describes the technique for conductingthe
3、mercurous nitrate test for residual stresses in wroughtcopper alloy mill products.NOTE 1For any particular copper alloy, reference should be made tothe material specification.NOTE 2Test Method B858 may be considered as a possible alternativetest method which does not involve the use of mercury.NOTE
4、3This test method is considered historically reliable fordetermining the potential state of residual stress in copper alloys, but notpromoted for use due to the hazards relating to mercury use andenvironmentally appropriate disposal.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas standar
5、d. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determines the applic
6、a-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specificprecautionary and hazard statements see Sections 1, 6, and 7.(WarningMercury has been designated by many regulatoryagencies as a hazardous substance that can cause seriousmedical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated tobe ha
7、zardous to health and corrosive to materials. Cautionshould be taken when handling mercury and mercury contain-ing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet(SDS) for additional information. Users should be aware thatselling mercury and/or mercury containing products into yourstate or co
8、untry may be prohibited by law.)2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B846 Terminology for Copper and Copper AlloysB858 Test Method forAmmonia Vapor Test for DeterminingSusceptibility to Stress Corrosion Cracking in CopperAlloysD1193 Specification for Reagent Water3. Terminology3.1 For terms re
9、lated to copper and copper alloys, refer toTerminology B846.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The prepared test specimen is completely immersed inthe mercurous nitrate test solution for 30 min at ambienttemperature. Upon removal from the solution, the test speci-men is wiped and immediately examined visu
10、ally for cracks.Test specimen and test supplies are discarded in accordancewith all federal, state, and local requirements.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is an accelerated test for detecting thepresence of residual (internal) stresses that might result infailure of individual parts in s
11、torage or in service due to stresscorrosion cracking.5.2 This test method is not intended for use on assemblies orparts under applied stress. If used for that purpose, the resultsshall be for information only and not a cause for rejection ofthe assembly, its component parts, or the original mill pro
12、duct.6. Reagents and Materials6.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended thatall reagents conform to the specifications of the Committee onAnalytical Reagent of the American Chemical Society wheresuch specifications are availab
13、le.3Other grades may be used,provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficientlyhigh purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy ofthe determination.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B05 on Copperand Copper Alloys and is the direct responsibil
14、ity of Subcommittee B05.06 onMethods of Test.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016. Published November 2016. Originallyapproved in 1941. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as B154 121. DOI:10.1520/B0154-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Custo
15、mer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC. For Suggestions on the testing of reagents notl
16、isted by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for LaboratoryChemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USP), Rockville,MD.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopy
17、right ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16.2 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated, referencesto water shall be understood to mean Type IV reagent water orbetter, as defined in Specification D1193.6.3 Mercurous Nitrate Solution
18、The solution shall be anaqueous mercurous nitrate solution containing 10 g of mercu-rous nitrate solution (HgNO3) and 10 mLof nitric acid (HNO3)(sp gr 1.42) per litre of solution.6.4 PreparationThe aqueous mercurous nitrate solutionshall be prepared by either of the following procedures,Aor B.Used s
19、olutions may be replenished as described in 6.5.6.4.1 Procedure ADissolve 11.4 g of HgNO32H2Oor10.7 g of HgNO3H2O in approximately 40 mL of distilledwater acidified with 10 mL of HNO3(sp gr 1.42). After thecrystals are completely dissolved, dilute the solution withwater to 1000 mL. (WarningThe mercu
20、rous nitrate crystalsare obtainable in both the monohydrate and dihydrate form andshould be handled with caution because of their highly toxiceffects.) (WarningWhen weighing crystals, the weight ofthe water of crystallization should be taken into consideration.The mercurous nitrate crystals are phot
21、osensitive and whenthey have turned yellow are difficult to dissolve.) (WarningCare should be exercised when handling and mixing chemi-cals. Qualified personnel using appropriate chemical-laboratory techniques should only do the handling and mixing.)6.4.2 Procedure BDissolve 76 g of mercury in 114 m
22、L ofdiluted HNO3(1 part water to 1 part HNO3) (sp gr 1.42).Carefully dilute with distilled water to 1000 mL. This providesa concentration of 100 g of HgNO3after a slight loss due toheating. Add the water in small portions while stirring toprevent local overdilution. This gradual dilution, together w
23、iththe excess acid, will prevent precipitation of basic salts ofmercury. Dilute 100 mL of this solution (10 %) with 7 mL ofHNO3(sp gr 1.42) and 893 mL of water. (WarningMercuryis a definite health hazard and therefore equipment for thedetection and removal of mercury vapor produced in volatil-izatio
24、n is recommended. The use of rubber gloves in testing isadvisable.)6.5 Replenishment of SolutionThe spent solution may bereclaimed by replenishing the mercurous nitrate solution, to a1 volume percent concentration, as follows:6.5.1 Measure 50 mL of the spent HgNO3solution in agraduated cylinder.6.5.
25、2 Transfer to an Erlenmeyer flask, and add 10 mL ofHNO3(1 + 1).6.5.3 Add slowly 1 % weight per volume potassium per-manganate (KMnO4) solution from a buret with a constantshaking until there is an excess as indicated by the pink color,which persists for several minutes.6.5.4 Add iron (II) sulfate (F
26、eSO4) crystals until thesolution, when shaken, becomes clear. Then titrate the solutionwith 0.1 N potassium thiocyanate (KCNS) solution to theappearance of a reddish brown color. Repeat this procedurewith 50 mL of a standard 1 % weight per volume of HgNO3solution.6.5.5 The ratio, R, of the number of
27、 millilitres of KCNSsolution required to titrate the spent solution, to the number ofmillilitres required to titrate the standard solution, determinesthe number of millilitres, X, of 10 volume percent HgNO3in 3volume percent HNO3solution required to replenish 1 L ofspent solution. Values of R and X
28、for a litre volume are givenin Table 1.7. Hazards7.1 WarningMercury is a definite health hazard in useand disposal.7.2 Suggested Mercurous Nitrate Disposal:7.2.1 To mercurous nitrate solutions add sodium hydroxide(NaOH) to pH 10 to 11.7.2.2 Filter precipitated mercury and other heavy metals.7.2.3 Th
29、ough the filtrate is low in free mercurous ormercuric ions, it must be further treated before disposal.7.2.4 To each litre of filtrate, add two drops (0.1 cm3)of24volume percent ammonium sulfide (NH4)2S.7.2.5 After the second filtering, the filtrate may be dis-carded.NOTE 4If heating is used in eith
30、er of the previous procedures, thecontainer should be covered with a watch glass to prevent loss of HNO3and water to the atmosphere. After solution is complete, use a smallvolume of retained dilution water to rinse the watch glass into thecontainer.7.2.5.1 Monitor the filtrate to assure it meets app
31、ropriatehealth safety standards, or is disposed of properly.TABLE 1 Replenishment of Spent Mercurous Nitrate Solution to1 % ConcentrationNOTE 1X = 111.1 (1 R)where:R = fraction of mercury remaining in solution (determined by titration),andX = number of millilitres of 10 volume percent mercurous nitr
32、atesolution to be added to 1 L of spent mercurous nitrate solution toraise the concentration of mercurous nitrate to 1 %.RX RX0.10 100.0 0.56 48.90.12 97.8 0.58 46.70.14 95.5 0.60 44.40.16 93.3 0.62 42.20.18 91.1 0.64 40.00.20 88.9 0.66 37.80.22 86.7 0.68 35.60.24 84.4 0.70 33.30.26 82.2 0.72 31.10.
33、28 80.0 0.74 28.90.30 77.8 0.76 26.70.32 75.5 0.78 24.40.34 73.3 0.80 22.20.36 71.1 0.82 20.00.38 68.9 0.84 17.80.40 66.7 0.86 15.60.42 64.4 0.88 13.30.44 62.2 0.90 11.10.46 60.0 0.92 8.90.48 57.8 0.94 6.70.500.520.5455.653.351.10.960.984.42.2B154 1627.2.6 The precipitates should be collected and st
34、ored withthe mercury-contaminated test samples and disposed of ortreated by a licensed mercury disposal-service.8. Sampling and Test Specimen Preparation8.1 The test specimen shall be prescribed in the specifica-tion for the material being tested. In the event that a testspecimen size is not prescri
35、bed in a given rod, wire, or tubespecification, a full cross-section length of 150 mm shall betested.8.2 The presence of burrs on the test-specimen may con-tribute to acceleration of stress corrosion cracking if notremoved prior to the mercurous nitrate test.8.2.1 The burrs shall be removed by fine
36、file or abrasivepaper to facilitate this test.NOTE 5The presence of burrs on the test specimen may contribute toacceleration of liquid-metal embrittlement of the mercurous nitratesolution, if not removed prior to performance of the test.9. Test Procedure9.1 Degrease the specimen in a suitable alkali
37、ne degreasingsolution or organic solvent. If necessary, totally immerse thespecimen in an aqueous solution of 15 volume percent sulfuricacid (H2SO4) or 40 volume percent nitric acid until all oxidesare completely removed from its surface or pickle in suchsolutions as may be prescribed in the specifi
38、cation for thematerial being tested. Remove the specimen from the picklingsolution and wash it immediately in running water. Drain thespecimen free of excess water and, at room temperature,immerse it totally in the mercurous nitrate solution prepared inaccordance with 6.4. Use at least 15 mL of merc
39、urous nitratesolution per 1000 mm2of exposed surface of the test specimen.9.2 After 30 min remove the specimen from the mercurousnitrate solution. Wipe off any excess mercury from the surfaceof the specimen with damp cloth or paper towels. Immediatelyexamine it visually for cracks unless a time limi
40、tation isprovided in the product specification.9.2.1 Tested specimens and test supplies (cloths, towels,etc.) could be contaminated with mercury and must be dis-posed of in accordance with all applicable environmentalregulations. They may not be included with returns for remelt-ing or machined into
41、product.9.2.2 Make sure all material including test specimens,wiping material, and mercury solutions are monitored, thatthey meet appropriate health safety handling standards, anddisposition of all related material is in accordance with allapplicable environmental regulations.9.3 Do not reuse the so
42、lution unless it is replenished to 1 %in accordance with the procedure in 6.5.10. Test Report10.1 When testing is completed by an independent third-party laboratory, the test report shall include the followinginformation. In-house captive laboratories shall only report10.1.1, 10.1.2, and 10.1.5.10.1
43、.1 The date of test,10.1.2 Sample identification,10.1.3 Reference to the test method used,10.1.4 The number of replicate test pieces tested,10.1.5 The test results: Pass or Fail (relative to cracks) asrequired in the appropriate product specification, and10.1.6 Any other features of the material not
44、ed during thedetermination.11. Precision and Bias11.1 No statement is made about the precision or bias of thistest method since the procedure is directed at a subjectivevisual interpretation of the condition of the specimen and itsrelation to an applicable product specification.12. Keywords12.1 merc
45、urous nitrate; residual stresses; residual stress test;stress corrosionAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. RATIONALE COMMENTARYX1.1 This test method does not attempt to compare theeffectiveness of the test to other test methods, including theAmmonia Vapor Test, Test Method B858, nor does it attemp
46、t toquantify its relative effectiveness on various copper alloyproducts. These issues must be addressed on a case by casebasis, since such products and tests are specific for theirrespective requirements and applications.B154 163SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee B05 has identified the location of selected
47、 changes to this standard since the last issue(B154 121) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Oct. 1, 2016.)(1) In 1.3, “hazardous material” was changed to “hazardoussubstance” in the first sentence of the mercury caveat.(2) In 4.1, a third sentence was added.(3) In 6.2 and 6.3, typos
48、 were corrected.(4) In 6.5.3 and 6.5.4, “1 weight per volume percent” waschanged to “1 % weight per volume.”(5) In 7.2.6, “sold” was changed to “disposed of or treated by.”(6) In 9.2.1, “cloth/toweling” was changed to “test supplies(cloths, towels, etc.).”ASTM International takes no position respect
49、ing the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsa
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