ASTM B215-2004 Standard Practices for Sampling Metal Powders《金属粉末取样的标准实施规程》.pdf

1、Designation: B 215 04Standard Practices forSampling Metal Powders1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 215; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicat

2、es the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 These practices describe two procedures for obtainingsamples of metal powders for

3、subsequent testing:1.1.1 Practice AFor powders being transferred fromblenders or storage tanks.1.1.2 Practice BFor powders already packaged in con-tainers.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of

4、this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:B 243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy23. Terminology3.1 Definitions Definitions of powder metallurgy termscan be foun

5、d in Terminology B 243. Additional descriptiveinformation is available in the Related Materials section of Vol02.05 of the Annual Book of ASTM Standards.3.2 Description of Terms (see Fig. 1):3.2.1 composite sampleblended entire gross sample.3.2.2 gross samplequantity of powder adequate for thetests

6、to be performed, consisting of all the increments takenfrom a single lot.3.2.3 incrementquantity of powder obtained by a sam-pling device at one time from a single lot.3.2.4 lotdefinite quantity of powder processed or pro-duced under uniform conditions.3.2.5 test portion (test specimen)defined quant

7、ity of pow-der drawn from the test sample on which the test is performedor from which test pieces are produced.3.2.6 test samplequantity of powder taken from the com-posite sample for determining a single property or for prepar-ing the test pieces. It should normally be taken by splitting thecomposi

8、te sample.4. Significance and Use4.1 Since many tests are performed using very smallamounts of powder, it is most important that the test portionsbe obtained in a standardized manner. The practices describedhere take into account the possibility of segregation of themetal powder during and after fil

9、ling of containers.PRACTICE AFOR POWDERS BEING TRANSFERRED FROMBLENDERS OR STORAGE TANKS5. Apparatus5.1 Rectangular Receptacle, capable of being moved com-pletely across the stream of flowing powder at a constant speedand having a length and width greater than the stream ofpowder. It must be large e

10、nough so that no overflow of powderoccurs when collecting the sample.5.2 Small Blender.5.3 Sample Splitter, see Fig. 2.5.4 Spinning Riffler, see Fig. 4.5.5 Micro-sample Splitter.5.6 Micro-sample Spinning Riffler.6. Procedure6.1 Pass the rectangular receptacle at a constant speedcompletely through th

11、e stream of flowing powder. If the entirecontents of one lot of powder are being packed in a singlecontainer, take increments when the container is14 ,12 , and34filled. If several containers are to be filled by one lot of powder,take the first increment when the first container is12 filled, thesecon

12、d increment in the middle of the run, and the thirdincrement near the end of the run. Additional increments maybe agreed upon by the parties concerned. The total amount1These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on MetalPowder and Metal Powder Products and are the direct respon

13、sibility of Subcom-mittee B09.02 on Base Metal Powders.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2004. Published October 2004. Originallyapproved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 1996 as B 215 96.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service a

14、t serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.from all increments shall be adequate for the tes

15、ts to beperformed. Combine the increments to obtain the gross sample.NOTE 1To investigate within-lot variability, individual incrementsmay be tested rather than being combined to form a composite sample.6.2 Blend the gross sample in a small blender for 10 to 15revolutions to form a composite sample.

16、6.3 Pass the composite sample through a sample splitter orspinning riffler to obtain the test samples.6.4 Obtain the test portion from the test sample by use of amicro-sample splitter, or a micro-sample spinning riffler.7. Frequency of Increments7.1 Take at least three increments for each lot of pow

17、der.The actual number depends on the size of the lot and thepowder involved and shall be agreed upon by the partiesinvolved.PRACTICE BFOR POWDERS ALREADY PACKAGED INCONTAINERS8. Apparatus8.1 Keystone Sampler, see Fig. 3.8.2 Small Blender.8.3 Sample Splitter, see Fig. 2.8.4 Spinning Riffler, see Fig.

18、 4.8.5 Micro-sample Splitter.FIG. 1 Scheme of SamplingFIG. 2 Sample SplitterFIG. 3 Keystone SamplerB2150428.6 Micro-sample Spinning Riffler.9. Procedure9.1 Insert the Keystone sampler in the closed position intothe powder at a point 70 % of the distance from the center ofthe cross section to the per

19、iphery and straight down to thebottom of the container. Then twist the sampler to the openposition allowing powder to flow into the sampler. Close thesampler tube when filled and remove it from the container.Empty the contents of the sample either into a container or ontoa sheet of glazed or waxed p

20、aper.9.2 When a suitable number of increments have been taken,combine them to obtain the gross sample and blend them for 10to 15 revolutions to obtain a composite sample.NOTE 2To investigate within-lot variability, individual incrementsmay be tested rather than being combined to form a composite sam

21、ple.9.3 Pass the composite sample through a sample splitter orspinning riffler to obtain the test samples.9.4 Obtain the test portion from the test sample by use of amicro-sample splitter or a micro-sample spinning riffler.10. Frequency of Increments10.1 See Table 1.11. Keywords11.1 blender; composi

22、te sample; Keystone sampler; samplesplitter; sampling segregationNOTE 1Reprinted with permission from the International Journal ofPowder Metallurgy, 1997, Volume 33, Number 8, Page 40, Figure 6,APMI International, 105 College Road East, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.FIG. 4 Spinning Riffler-SchematicTAB

23、LE 1 Frequency of IncrementsNo. of Containersin the LotNo. of Containers to be Sampled(Randomly Selected)1to5 all6to11 512 to 20 621 to 35 736 to 60 861 to 99 9100 to 149 10150 to 199 11200 to 299 12300 to 399 13More than 400 13 + 1 per 100 additional containersB215043ASTM International takes no pos

24、ition respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibil

25、ity.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to AS

26、TM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address

27、 shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).B215044