1、Designation: B 251M 97 (Reapproved 2003)METRICStandard Specification forGeneral Requirements for Wrought Seamless Copper andCopper-Alloy Tube Metric1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 251M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、 in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.
3、1 This specification covers a group of general require-ments common to several wrought product specifications.Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, or in anindividual specification, these general requirements shall applyto copper and copper-alloy tube supplied under SpecificationsB 68, B
4、 75, B 135, and B 466.NOTE 1This specification is the metric companion of SpecificationB 251.2. Referenced Documents2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on dateof material purchase form a part of this specification to theextent referenced herein:2.2 ASTM Standards:2B 68 Specification f
5、or Seamless Copper Tube, Bright An-nealedB 75 Specification for Seamless Copper TubeB 135 Specification for Seamless Brass TubeB 153 Test Method for Expansion (Pin Test) of Copper andCopper-Alloy Pipe and TubingB 154 Test Method for Mercurous Nitrate Test for Copperand Copper AlloysB 170 Specificati
6、on for Oxygen-Free Electrolytic CopperRefinery ShapesB 193 Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical ConductorMaterialsB 428 Test Method for Angle of Twist in Rectangular andSquare Copper and Copper Alloy TubeB 466 Specification for Seamless Copper-Nickel Pipe andTubeB 643 Specification for Copper-B
7、eryllium Alloy SeamlessTubeE 3 Methods of Preparation of Metallographic SpecimensE 8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE 18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and RockwellSuperficial Hardness of Metallic MaterialsE 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine
8、 Conformance with SpecificationsE 53 Test Methods for Determination of Copper in Unal-loyed Copper by GravimetryE 62 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper andCopper Alloys (Photometric Methods)E 112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE 255 Practice for Sampling Copper and Copper A
9、lloys forDetermination of Chemical CompositionE 478 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of CopperAlloys3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 average diameter (for round tubes only)the averageof the maximum and minimum outside diameters, or maximumand minimum inside diameters, whichever is applicable, a
10、sdetermined at any one cross section of the tube.3.1.2 coila length of the product wound into a series ofconnected turns. The unqualified term “coil” as applied to tubeusually refers to a bunched coil.3.1.2.1 buncheda coil in which the turns are bunched andheld together such that the cross section o
11、f the bunched turnsis approximately circular.3.1.2.2 double layer flata coil in which the product isspirally wound into two connected disk-like layers such thatone layer is on top of the other. (Sometimes called “doublelayer pancake coil” or “double layer spirally wound coil.”)1This specification is
12、 under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B05 on Copperand Copper Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.04 on Pipeand Tube.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2003. Published November 2003. Originallyapproved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as B 251M 97.2For refere
13、nced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West
14、Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.2.3 level or traverse wounda coil in which the turnsare wound into layers parallel to the axis of the coil such thatsuccessive turns in a given layer are next to one another.(Sometimes called “helical coil.”)3.1.2.4 level or traverse wound on a reel or
15、spoola coil inwhich the turns are positioned into layers on a reel or spoolparallel to the axis of the reel or spool such that successiveturns in a given layer are next to one another.3.1.2.5 single layer flata coil in which the product isspirally wound into a single disk-like layer. (Sometimes call
16、eda“ pancake coil” or “single layer spirally wound coil.”)3.1.2.6 stagger wounda coil in which the turns are posi-tioned into layers approximately parallel to the axis of the coil,but not necessarily with the fixed regularity of a level ortraverse wound coil.3.1.3 lengthsstraight pieces of the produ
17、ct.3.1.3.1 endsstraight pieces, shorter than the nominallength, left over after cutting the product into mill lengths,stock lengths, or specific lengths. They are subject to minimumlength and maximum weight requirements.3.1.3.2 millstraight lengths, including ends, that are con-veniently manufacture
18、d in the mills. Full-length pieces areusually 3000, 4000, or 6000 mm and subject to establishedlength tolerances.3.1.3.3 multiplestraight lengths of integral multiples of abase length, with suitable allowance for cutting, if and whenspecified.3.1.3.4 randomrun of mill lengths without any indicatedpr
19、eferred length.3.1.3.5 specificstraight lengths that are uniform in length,as specified, and subject to established length tolerances.3.1.3.6 specific with endsspecific lengths, including ends.3.1.3.7 standarduniform lengths recommended in a Sim-plified Practice Recommendation or established as a Co
20、mmer-cial Standard.3.1.3.8 stockstraight lengths that are mill cut and stored inadvance of orders. They are usually 3000, 4000, or 6000 mmand subject to established length tolerances.3.1.3.9 stock with endsstock lengths, including ends.3.1.4 reel or spoola cylindrical device that has a rim ateach en
21、d and an axial hole for a shaft or spindle, and on whichthe product is wound to facilitate handling and shipping.3.1.5 tubea hollow product of round or any other crosssection, having a continuous periphery.3.1.5.1 tube, automotive and general servicea seamlesscopper tube of small diameter conforming
22、 to a standard seriesof sizes commercially known as Automotive and GeneralService Tube.3.1.5.2 tube, seamlessa tube produced with a continuousperiphery in all stages of the operations.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 The material shall be of such quality and purity that thefinished product shall have
23、 the properties and characteristicsprescribed in the applicable product specification listed inSection 1.4.2 The material shall be produced by either hot or coldworking operations, or both. It shall be finished, unlessotherwise specified, by such cold working and annealing orheat treatment as necess
24、ary to meet the properties specified.5. Dimensions and Permissible Variations5.1 General:5.1.1 The standard method of specifying wall thicknessshall be in decimal fractions of a millimetre.5.1.2 For the purpose of determining conformance with thedimensional requirements prescribed in this specificat
25、ion, anymeasured value outside the specified limiting values for anydimension shall be cause for rejection.5.1.3 Tolerances on a given tube shall be specified withrespect to any two, but not all three, of the following: outsidediameter, inside diameter, wall thickness.5.1.4 When round tube is ordere
26、d by outside and insidediameters, the maximum plus and minus deviation of the wallthickness from the nominal at any point shall not exceed thevalues given in Table 1 by more than 50 %.TABLE 1 Wall Thickness Tolerances for Copper and Copper-Alloy Tube(Applicable to Specifications B 68, B 75, and B 13
27、5)NOTE 1Maximum Deviation at Any PointThe following tolerances are plus and minus; if tolerances all plus or all minus are desired, double thevalues given.Wall Thickness, mmOutside Diameter,Amm0.80 to 3.0,inclOver 3.0 to 16,inclOver 16 to 25,inclOver 25 to 50,inclOver 50 to 100,inclOver 100 to180,in
28、clOver 180 to250,inclUp to 0.40, incl 0.05 0.03 0.04 0.05 . . .Over 0.40 to 0.60, incl 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.06 . . .Over 0.60 to 0.90, incl 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.10 . .Over 0.90 to 1.5, incl 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.12 0.20 .Over 1.5 to 2.0, incl . 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25Over 2.0 to 3.0, incl . 0.10
29、0.12 0.12 0.20 0.20 0.28Over 3.0 to 4.0, incl . 0.12 0.15 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30Over 4.0 to 5.5, incl . 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35Over 5.5 to 7.0, incl . . 0.25 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40Over 7.0 to 10, incl . . 0.30 5B%5B%6B%6B%Over 10 . . . 5B B B B%AWhen round tube is ordered by outside and inside diame
30、ters, the maximum plus and minus deviation of the wall thickness from the nominal at any point shall not exceedthe values given in the table by more than 50 %.BPercent of specified wall expressed to the nearest 0.025 mm.B 251M 97 (2003)2NOTE 2Blank spaces in the tolerance tables indicate either that
31、 thematerial is not generally available or that no tolerances have beenestablished.5.2 Wall Thickness Tolerances for Copper and Copper-AlloyTubeWall thickness tolerances applicable to SpecificationsB 68, B 75, and B 135 for round tubes only shall be inaccordance with Table 1. Wall thickness toleranc
32、es for rectan-gular including square tube applicable to B75 and B135 shallbe in accordance with Table 2.5.3 Diameter or Distance between Parallel Surfaces, Toler-ances for Copper and Copper-Alloy TubeDiameter toler-ances applicable to Specifications B 68, B 75, and B 135 forround tubes only shall be
33、 in accordance with Table 3.Toler-ances on distance between parallel surfaces for rectan-gularincluding square tube applicable to Specifications B 75 andB 135 shall be in accordance with Table 4.5.4 Roundness (Applicable to Specifications B 75, B 135,and B 466)For drawn unannealed tube in straight l
34、engths,the roundness tolerances shall be as follows:t/D(Ratio of Nominal Wall Thickness toOutside Diameter)Roundness Tolerance as Percent of Out-side Diameter (Expressed to the Nearest0.025 mm)0.01 to 0.03, incl 1.5Over 0.03 to 0.05, incl 1.0Over 0.05 to 0.10, incl 0.8 or 0.05 mm, whichever is great
35、erOver 0.10 0.7 or 0.05 mm, whichever is greater5.4.1 Compliance with the roundness tolerances shall bedetermined by taking measurements on the outside diameteronly, irrespective of the manner in which the tube dimensionsare specified. The deviation from roundness is measured as thedifference betwee
36、n major and minor diameters as determined atany one cross section of the tube. The major and minordiameters are the diameters of two concentric circles justenclosing the outside surface of the tube at the cross section.5.4.2 No tolerances have been established for as-extrudedtube, redraw tube, annea
37、led tube, any tube furnished in coils ordrawn tube whose wall thickness is under 0.40 mm.5.5 Length Tolerances:5.5.1 Straight LengthsLength tolerances, straight lengths,applicable to Specifications B 68, B 75, B 135, and B 466 shallbe in accordance with Table 5.5.5.2 Schedule of Tube LengthsSpecific
38、 and stock lengthsof tube with ends, applicable to Specifications B 68, B 75,B 135, and B 466, shall be in accordance with Table 6. Tube instraight lengths shall be furnished in stock lengths with ends,unless the order requires specific lengths or specific lengthswith ends.5.6 Squareness of Cut (App
39、licable to Specifications B 68,B 75, B 135, and B 466)For tube in straight lengths, thedeparture from squareness of the end of any tube shall notexceed the following:5.6.1 Round Tube:Specified Outside Diameter, mm ToleranceUp to 16, incl 0.25 mmOver 16 0.016 mm/mm of diameter5.6.2 Rectangular and Sq
40、uare Tube:Specified Distance Between Major Out-side Parallel Surfaces, mmToleranceUp to 15.9 incl 0.40 mmOver 15.9 0.025 mm/mm of distance between out-side parallel surfaces5.7 Straightness Tolerances:5.7.1 Round TubesFor round tubes of any drawn temper,6 to 100 mm in outside diameter, inclusive, bu
41、t not redrawtube, extruded tube, or any annealed tube, the straightnesstolerances applicable to Specifications B 75, B 135, and B 466shall be in accordance with Table 7.5.7.2 Rectangular and Square TubesFor rectangular andsquare tubes of any drawn temper, the straightness toleranceapplicable to Spec
42、ifications B 75 and B 135 shall be 12 mmTABLE 2 Wall Thickness Tolerances for Copper and Copper-Alloy Rectangular and Square Tube(Applicable to Specifications B 75 and B 135)NOTE 1 Maximum Deviation at Any PointThe following tolerances are plus and minus; if tolerances all plus or all minus are desi
43、red, double thevalues given.Wall Thickness, mmDistance Between Outside Parallel Surface,Amm0.80 to 3.0,incl3.0 to 16, incl 16 to 25, incl 25 to 50, incl 50 to 100,incl100 to 180,incl180 to 250,inclUp to 0.40, incl 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.08 . . .Over 0.40 to 0.60, incl 0.08 0.06 0.08 0.09 . . .Over 0.60 to
44、 0.90, incl 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.15 . .Over 0.90 to 1.5, incl 0.10 0.10 0.12 0.12 0.20 0.25 .Over 1.5 to 2.0, incl . 0.12 0.15 0.20 0.20 0.25 0.30Over 2.0 to 3.0, incl . 0.20 0.20 0.25 0.25 0.30 0.35Over 3.0 to 4.0, incl . 0.25 0.25 0.28 0.30 0.36 0.40Over 4.0 to 5.5, incl . 0.28 0.30 0.33 0.38 0.4
45、5 0.50Over 5.5 to 7.0, incl . . 0.38 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55AIn the case of rectangular tube the major dimension determines the thickness tolerance applicable to all walls.TABLE 3 Average Diameter Tolerances for Copper and Copper-Alloy TubeA(Applicable to Specifications B 68, B 75, and B 135)Specified D
46、iameter, mmTolerance, plus and minus,mmUp to 3.0, incl 0.05Over 3.0 to 16, incl 0.05Over 16 to 25, incl 0.06Over 25 to 50, incl 0.08Over 50 to 75, incl 0.10Over 75 to 100, incl 0.12Over 100 to 125, incl 0.15Over 125 to 150, incl 0.18Over 150 to 200, incl 0.20Over 200 to 250, incl 0.25AApplicable to
47、inside or outside diameter.B 251M 97 (2003)3maximum curvature (depth of arc) in any 2000-mm portion ofthe total length. (Not applicable to extruded tube, redraw tube,or any annealed tube.)5.8 Corner Radius, Rectangular and Square TubesThepermissible radii for commercially square corners applicable t
48、oSpecifications B 75 and B 135 shall be in accordance withTable 8.5.9 Twist Tolerances, Rectangular and Square TubesThemaximum twist about the longitudinal axis of drawn temperrectangular and square tubes applicable to Specifications B 75and B 135 shall not exceed 1/300 mm of length, measured tothe
49、nearest degree, and the total angle of twist shall not exceed20 when measured in accordance with Test Method B 428.The requirement is not applicable to tubes in the annealedtemper or to tubes whose specified major dimension is less than12 mm.6. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance6.1 The material shall be free from defects of a nature thatinterfere with normal commercial applications. It shall be wellcleaned and free from dirt.7. Sampling7.1 SamplingThe lot, size, portion size, and selection ofsample pieces shall be as follows:7.1.1 Lot Si
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