1、Designation: B 338 06aStandard Specification forSeamless and Welded Titanium and Titanium Alloy Tubesfor Condensers and Heat Exchangers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 338; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case o
2、f revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specifi
3、cation2covers the requirements for 28grades of titanium and titanium alloy tubing intended forsurface condensers, evaporators, and heat exchangers, as fol-lows:1.1.1 Grade 1Unalloyed titanium,1.1.2 Grade 2Unalloyed titanium,1.1.2.1 Grade 2HUnalloyed titanium (Grade 2 with 58ksi minimum UTS),1.1.3 Gr
4、ade 3Unalloyed titanium,1.1.4 Grade 7Unalloyed titanium plus 0.12 to 0.25 %palladium,1.1.4.1 Grade 7HUnalloyed titanium plus 0.12 to 0.25 %palladium (Grade 7 with 58 ksi minimum UTS),1.1.5 Grade 9Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 2.5 % va-nadium),1.1.6 Grade 11Unalloyed titanium plus 0.12 to 0.25 %palla
5、dium,1.1.7 Grade 12Titanium alloy (0.3 % molybdenum,0.8 % nickel),1.1.8 Grade 13Titanium alloy (0.5 % nickel, 0.05 % ru-thenium),1.1.9 Grade 14Titanium alloy (0.5 % nickel, 0.05 % ru-thenium),1.1.10 Grade 15Titanium alloy (0.5 % nickel, 0.05 %ruthenium),1.1.11 Grade 16Unalloyed titanium plus 0.04 to
6、 0.08 %palladium,1.1.11.1 Grade 16HUnalloyed titanium plus 0.04 to0.08 % palladium (Grade 16 with 58 ksi minimum UTS),1.1.12 Grade 17Unalloyed titanium plus 0.04 to 0.08 %palladium,1.1.13 Grade 18Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 2.5 %vanadium) plus 0.04 to 0.08 % palladium,1.1.14 Grade 26Unalloyed tita
7、nium plus 0.08 to 0.14 %ruthenium,1.1.14.1 Grade 26HUnalloyed titanium plus 0.08 to0.14 % ruthenium (Grade 26 with 58 ksi minimum UTS),1.1.15 Grade 27Unalloyed titanium plus 0.08 to 0.14 %ruthenium,1.1.16 Grade 28Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 2.5 %vanadium) plus 0.08 to 0.14 % ruthenium,1.1.17 Grade
8、 30Titanium alloy (0.3 % cobalt, 0.05 %palladium),1.1.18 Grade 31Titanium alloy (0.3 % cobalt, 0.05 %palladium),1.1.19 Grade 33Titanium alloy (0.4 % nickel, 0.015 %palladium, 0.025 % ruthenium, 0.15 % chromium),1.1.20 Grade 34Titanium alloy (0.4 % nickel, 0.015 %palladium, 0.025 % ruthenium, 0.15 %
9、chromium),1.1.21 Grade 35Titanium alloy (4.5 % aluminum, 2 %molybdenum, 1.6 % vanadium, 0.5 % iron, 0.3 % silicon),1.1.22 Grade 36Titanium alloy (45 % niobium),1.1.23 Grade 37Titanium alloy (1.5 % aluminum), and1.1.24 Grade 38Titanium alloy (4 % aluminum, 2.5 %vanadium, 1.5 % iron).NOTE 1H grade mat
10、erial is identical to the corresponding numericgrade (that is, Grade 2H = Grade 2) except for the higher guaranteedminimum UTS, and may always be certified as meeting the requirementsof its corresponding numeric grade. Grades 2H, 7H, 16H, and 26H areintended primarily for pressure vessel use.The H g
11、rades were added in response to a user association request basedon its study of over 5200 commercial Grade 2, 7, 16, and 26 test reports,where over 99 % met the 58 ksi minimum UTS.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 onReactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys and is t
12、he direct responsibility ofSubcommittee B10.01 on Titanium.Current edition approved June 1, 2006. Published June 2006. Originallyapproved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as B 338 06.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specifi-cation SB-338 in Section I
13、I of that Code.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.1.2 Tubing covered by this specification shall be heat treatedby at least a stress relief as defined in 5.3.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas
14、 standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsE8 Test Methods for Tension Te
15、sting of Metallic MaterialsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE 120 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Titanium andTitanium Alloys4E 1409 Test Method for Determination of Oxygen andNitrogen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by the Inert
16、 GasFusion TechniqueE 1447 Test Method for Determination of Hydrogen inTitanium and Titanium Alloys by the Inert Gas FusionThermal Conductivity/Infrared Detection Method3. Terminology3.1 Lot Definitions:3.1.1 castings, na lot shall consist of all castings producedfrom the same pour.3.1.2 ingot, nno
17、definition required.3.1.3 rounds, flats, tubes, and wrought powder metallurgicalproducts (single definition, common to nuclear and non-nuclear standards), na lot shall consist of a material of thesame size, shape, condition, and finish produced from the sameingot or powder blend by the same reductio
18、n schedule and thesame heat treatment parameters.Unless otherwise agreed be-tween manufacturer and purchaser, a lot shall be limited to theproduct of an 8 h period for final continuous anneal, or to asingle furnace load for final batch anneal.3.1.4 sponge, na lot shall consist of a single blendprodu
19、ced at one time.3.1.5 weld fittings, ndefinition is to be mutually agreedupon between manufacturer and the purchaser.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsAComposition, %ElementGrade 1 Grade 2 Grade 2H Grade 3 Grade 7 Grade 7H Grade 9 Grade 11 Grade 12 Grade 13Nitrogen, max 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.03
20、 0.03 0.03 0.03Carbon, max 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08Hydrogen,B,Cmax 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015Iron, max 0.20 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.30 0.20Oxygen, max 0.18 0.25 0.25 0.35 0.25 0.25 0.15 0.18 0.25 0.10Aluminum . . . . . . 2.53.5 .
21、 . .Vanadium . . . . . . 2.03.0 . . .Tin . . . . . . . . . .Ruthenium . . . . . . . . . 0.040.06Palladium . . . . 0.120.25 0.120.25 . 0.120.25 . .Cobalt . . . . . . . . . .Molybdenum . . . . . . . . 0.20.4 .Chromium . . . . . . . . . .Nickel . . . . . . . . 0.60.9 0.40.6Niobium . . . . . . . . . .Zi
22、rconium . . . . . . . . . .Silicon . . . . . . . . . .Residuals,D,E,Fmax each0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1Residuals,D,E,Fmax total0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4TitaniumGbalance balance balance balance balance balance balance balance balance balanceComposition, %ElementGrade 14 Gra
23、de 15 Grade 16 Grade 16H Grade 17 Grade 18 Grade 26 Grade 26H Grade 27Nitrogen, max 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03Carbon, max 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08Hydrogen,B,Cmax 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015Iron, max 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.
24、30 0.20Oxygen, max 0.15 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.18 0.15 0.25 0.25 0.18Aluminum . . . . . 2.53.5 . . .Vanadium . . . . . 2.03.0 . . .Tin . . . . . . . . .Ruthenium 0.040.06 0.040.06 . . . . 0.080.14 0.080.14 0.080.14Palladium . . 0.040.08 0.040.08 0.040.08 0.040.08 . . .Cobalt . . . . . . . . .Molybdenum .
25、. . . . . . . .3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Withdrawn.B 338 06a2Composition, %ElementGrad
26、e 14 Grade 15 Grade 16 Grade 16H Grade 17 Grade 18 Grade 26 Grade 26H Grade 27Chromium . . . . . . . . .Nickel 0.40.6 0.40.6 . . . . . . .Niobium . . . . . . . . .Zirconium . . . . . . . . .Silicon . . . . . . . . .Residuals,D,E,Fmaxeach0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1Residuals,D,E,Fmaxtotal0.4 0
27、.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4TitaniumGbalance balance balance balance balance balance balance balance balanceElementGrade 28 Grade 30 Grade 31 Grade 33 Grade 34 Grade 35 Grade 36 Grade 37 Grade 38Nitrogen, max 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.03Carbon, max 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.0
28、4 0.08 0.08Hydrogen,B,Cmax 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.0035 0.015 0.015Iron, max or range 0.25 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.20-0.80 0.03 0.30 1.21.8Oxygen, max orrange0.15 0.25 0.35 0.25 0.35 0.25 0.16 0.25 0.200.30Aluminum 2.53.5 . . . . 4.0-5.0 . 1.0-2.0 3.54.5Vanadium 2.03.0 . . . . 1.1-2.1 .
29、. 2.03.0Tin . . . . . . . . .Ruthenium 0.080.14 . . 0.02-0.04 0.02-0.04 . . . .Palladium . 0.040.08 0.040.08 0.01-0.02 0.01-0.02 . . . .Cobalt . 0.200.80 0.200.80 . . . . . .Molybdenum . . . . . 1.5-2.5 . . .Chromium . . . 0.1-0.2 0.1-0.2 . . . .Nickel . . . 0.35-0.55 0.35-0.55 . . . .Niobium . . .
30、. . . 42.047.0 . .Zirconium . . . . . . . . .Silicon . . . . . 0.20-0.40 . . .Residuals,D,E,Fmaxeach0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1Residuals,D,E,Fmaxtotal0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4TitaniumGbalance balance balance Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder balanceAAnalysis shall b
31、e completed for all elements listed in this table for each grade. The analysis results for the elements not quantified in the table need not be reportedunless the concentration level is greater than 0.1 % each or 0.4 % total.BLower hydrogen may be obtained by negotiation with the manufacturer.CFinal
32、 product analysis.DNeed not be reported.EA residual is an element present in a metal or an alloy in small quantities and is inherent to the manufacturing process but not added intentionally. In titanium theseelements include aluminum, vanadium, tin, chromium, molybdenum, niobium, zirconium, hafnium,
33、 bismuth, ruthenium, palladium, yttrium, copper, silicon, cobalt, tantalum,nickel, boron, manganese, and tungsten.FThe purchaser may, in his written purchase order, request analysis for specific residual elements not listed in this specification.GThe percentage of titanium is determined by differenc
34、e.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include thefollowing information, as required:4.1.1 Quantity,4.1.2 Grade number (Section 1),4.1.3 Diameter and wall thickness (Section 12)(Note 2),4.1.4 Length (Section 12),4.1.5 Method of manufacture and finish (Sections 5
35、 and 13),4.1.6 Restrictive chemistry, if desired (Section 6 andTable 1),4.1.7 Product analysis, if desired (Section 7 and Table 2),4.1.8 Special mechanical properties, if desired (Section 8and Table 3),4.1.9 Nondestructive tests (Section 11),4.1.10 Packaging (Section 23),4.1.11 Inspection (Section 1
36、7), and4.1.12 Certification (Section 21).NOTE 2Tube is available to specified outside diameter and wallthickness (state minimum or average wall).5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Seamless tube shall be made from hollow billet by anycold reducing or cold drawing process that will yield a productmeeting
37、 the requirements of this specification. Seamless tube isproduced with a continuous periphery in all stages of manu-facturing operations.5.2 Welded tube shall be made from flat-rolled product byan automatic arc-welding process or other method of weldingthat will yield a product meeting the requireme
38、nts of thisspecification. Use of a filler material is not permitted.5.3 Welded/cold worked tube (WCS) shall be made fromwelded tube manufactured as specified in 5.2. The welded tubeB 338 06a3shall be sufficiently cold worked to final size in order totransform the cast weld microstructure into a typi
39、cal equiaxedmicrostructure in the weld upon subsequent heat treatment.The product shall meet the requirements for seamless tube ofthis specification.5.4 The tube shall be furnished in the annealed conditionwith the exception of Grades 9, 18 and 28, which, at the optionof the purchaser, can be furnis
40、hed in either the annealed or thecold worked and stress relieved condition, defined as at aminimum temperature of 600F (316C) for not less than 30min.6. Chemical Requirements Chemical Requirements6.1 The titanium shall conform to the chemical require-ments prescribed in Table 1.6.1.1 The elements li
41、sted in Table 1 are intentional alloyadditions or elements that are inherent to the manufacture oftitanium sponge, ingot, or mill product.6.1.2 Elements intentionally added to the melt must beidentified, analyzed, and reported in the chemical analysis.6.2 When agreed upon by the producer and the pur
42、chaserand requested by the purchaser in the written purchase order,chemical analysis shall be completed for specific residualelements not listed in this specification.7. Product Analysis7.1 When requested by the purchaser and stated in thepurchase order, product analysis for any elements listed inTa
43、ble 1 shall be made on the completed product.7.1.1 Elements other than those listed in Table 1 are deemedto be capable of occurring in the grades listed in Table 1 by, andonly by way of, unregulated or unanalyzed scrap additions tothe ingot melt. Therefore, product analysis for elements notlisted in
44、 Table 1 shall not be required unless specified and shallbe considered to be in excess of the intent of this specification.7.2 Product analysis tolerances, listed in Table 2,donotbroaden the specified heat analysis requirements, but covervariations between different laboratories in the measurement o
45、fchemical content. The manufacturer shall not ship the finishedproduct that is outside the limits specified in Table 1 for theapplicable grade.8. Tensile Requirements8.1 The room temperature tensile properties of the tube inthe condition normally supplied shall conform to the require-ments prescribe
46、d in Table 3. Mechanical properties for condi-tions other than those given in this table may be established byagreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser. (SeeTest Methods E8.)9. Flattening Test9.1 Tubing shall withstand, without cracking, flatteningunder a load applied gradually at room te
47、mperature until thedistance between the load platens is not more than H in. H iscalculated as follows:H, in. mm!51 1 e!te 1 t/D(1)where:H = the minimum flattened height, in. (mm),t = the nominal wall thickness, in. (mm), andD = the nominal tube diameter, in. (mm).For Grades 1, 2, 2H, 7, 7H, 11, 13,
48、14, 16, 16H, 17, 26, 26H,27, 30, and 33:e 5 0.07 in. for all diameters (2)For Grade 3, 31, and 34:e 5 0.04 through 1 in. diameter (3)e 5 0.06 over 1 in. diameter (4)For Grades 9, 12, 15, 18, 28, 35, 36, 37, and 38:e shall be negotiated between the producer and the purchaser.9.1.1 For welded tubing,
49、the weld shall be positioned on the90 or 270 centerline during loading so as to be subjected to amaximum stress.9.1.2 When low D-to-t ratio tubular products are tested,because the strain imposed due to geometry is unreasonablyhigh on the inside surface at the six and twelve oclocklocations, cracks at these locations shall not be cause forrejection if the D-to-t ratio is less than ten (10).9.2 The results from all calculations are to be rounded totwo decimal places. Examination for cracking shall be by theuna
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