ASTM B39-1979(2008) Standard Specification for Nickel《镍的标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation: B 39 79 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Specification forNickel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 39; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses ind

2、icates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers refined nickel primarily pro-duced from ore or matte or similar raw material. The principalcommercial forms are cathodes, briquettes,

3、and pellets.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,

4、if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to become familiarwith all hazards including those identified in the appropriateMaterial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/materialas provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriatesafety and health

5、practices, and determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE39 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel33. Ordering Information3.1 Or

6、ders for material under this specification shall includethe following information:3.1.1 Name of material (nickel),3.1.2 ASTM designation (B 39),3.1.3 Form (state whether cathodes, briquettes, or pellets),and3.1.4 Size (Section 5).4. Chemical Composition4.1 The nickel shall conform to the requirement

7、s of Table 1.4.2 More restrictive compositions for certain products maybe available. The user is referred to his nickel supplier.5. Dimensions and Permissible Variations5.1 The various forms and sizes commercially available areas follows:Form SizeCathodes 112 by 114 by58 in. (38 by 32 by 16 mm)Briqu

8、ettes pillow shaped, about by in. (38 by 32 by 16 mm)Pellets roughly spherical, about14 in. (6.3 mm) diameter6. Sampling6.1 CathodesCathodes may be sampled using either ofthe following procedures:6.1.1 Template Drilling Procedure:6.1.1.1 Sampling of electronickel cathodes is done on onecathode remov

9、ed for this purpose from every 60 cathodesproduced. A template is used to drill successive cathodesdiagonally from corner to corner. Using a suitable drill, one58-in. (16-mm) hole is drilled through each cathode, starting atthe first hole in the template and progressing diagonally, withholes at 314-

10、in. (83-mm) centers. No lubricants shall be used.The drill shall be clean and the drilling speed shall be regulatedto avoid excessive heating.6.1.1.2 The 4 to 8-in. (102 to 203-mm) drilling spirals arecut to14-in. (6-mm) pieces. These cuttings are washed inboiling distilled water then quartered to p

11、rovide the sample.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B02 onNonferrous Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeB02.07 on Refined Nickel and Cobalt and Their Alloys.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published November 2008. Originallyapproved

12、 in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as B 39 79 (2004).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM we

13、bsite.3Withdrawn.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsElement Composition,weight %Nickel, min 99.80Cobalt, max 0.15Copper, max 0.02Carbon, max 0.03Iron, max 0.02Sulfur, max 0.01Phosphorus, less than 0.005Manganese, less than 0.005Silicon, less than 0.005Arsenic, less than 0.005Lead, less than 0.005Antimony,

14、 less than 0.005Bismuth, less than 0.005Tin, less than 0.005Zinc, less than 0.0051Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.1.2 Alternatively, sheared cathodes may be sampled bytaking pieces at random from the bottom, middle,

15、and top ofeach package or container. The following number of piecesshall be taken from each drum (containing 500 to 700 lb (227to 317 kg):1-in. 2-in. 4-in.(25.4- (50.8- (101.6-mm)mm) mm) squares andShipment Lot squares squares larger sizes20 to 25 tons(18 000 to 23 000kg)42115 to 20 tons(14 000 to 1

16、8 000kg)42110 tons (9000 kg) 5 3 25 tons (4500 kg) 6 4 36.1.2.1 When the nickel is shipped in packages or containersother than drums, the number of pieces taken shall be adjustedproportionately to the change in package weight in relation todrums.6.1.2.2 The sample shall be reduced further by shearin

17、g,milling, or shaping. One corner (weight about 2 g) shall besheared from each 1-in. (25.4-mm) square when the samplecontains 300 pieces or more. If the sample contains less than300 pieces, two opposite corners shall be sheared from eachsquare.6.1.2.3 The 2-in. (50.8-mm) and 4-in. (101.6-mm) squares

18、shall be sampled with a milling machine or shaper. On oneedge of each square, a cleaning or smoothing cut and then asampling cut shall be made to obtain 1 to2gofchips from a2-in. square or 2 to 4 g from a 4-in. square. No lubricants shallbe used. The cutting tool shall be clean and the speed and dep

19、thof cutting shall be regulated to avoid excessive heating.6.1.2.4 The corner pieces, or the chips obtained in the abovemanner, shall be mixed thoroughly and reduced by samplesplitter or by coning and quartering on a clean surface until thefinal sample is about 100 g.6.2 Briquettes:6.2.1 In all ship

20、ments of nickel briquettes, samples will betaken at the rate of 15 briquettes/2000 lb (910 kg). Thisrepresents a selection of 3 briquettes taken from the top, center,and bottom of each 400-lb (180-kg) drum.6.2.2 Each briquette should be drilled through the center. Nolubricants shall be used. The dri

21、ll shall be clean and the drillingspeed shall be regulated to avoid excessive heating. Thedrillings are thoroughly mixed and divided by split sampleruntil the sample for analysis is about 100 g.6.3 Pellets:6.3.1 One out of every ten 500-lb (225-kg) drums shall beselected for sampling. At least 30 pe

22、llets shall be taken fromeach of the selected drums. The selected pellets shall be mixedand divided until the sample for analysis is about 100 g.6.3.2 Since the pellets dissolve readily in nitric acid (1 + 1),there is no need to prepare drillings. In carrying out thechemical analysis, at least 3 pel

23、lets should be dissolved and anappropriate portion taken for analysis. When small sampleweights are required, at least 5 pellets shall be drilled com-pletely through the center of each pellet and the drillingsmixed.6.4 Sampling for Referee AnalysisWhere samples arerequired for referee analysis, the

24、shipment will be resampledby one of the methods described above or on a basis agreedupon by buyer and producer. The samples obtained shall bedivided into three parts for purchaser, manufacturer, andreferee, respectively.7. Chemical Analysis7.1 Chemical analysis shall, in case of disagreement, bemade

25、 in accordance with Methods E39. Where no adequatemethod is given in Methods E39for analysis of a particularelement, the analysis shall be made in accordance with aprocedure agreed upon by the manufacturer and the consumer.Such procedure shall apply to referee analysis.7.2 For purposes of compliance

26、 with the specified chemicalcomposition limits, the reported analysis shall be rounded tothe nearest unit in the right-hand place of figures used inexpressing the limiting value, in accordance with the roundingmethod of Practice E29.7.3 Elements listed in Table 1 as less than a certain limitmay be r

27、eported as less than that limit rather than a specificnumber.8. Rejection and Rehearing8.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements of thisspecification may be rejected. Rejection should be reported tothe producer or supplier promptly and in writing. In the case ofdissatisfaction with the

28、results of the test, the producer orsupplier may make claim for a rehearing.9. Packaging and Package Marking9.1 The material shall be packaged in sound containers orshipped in bulk so that the product is not lost or contaminatedin shipment.10. Keywords10.1 refined nickelB 39 79 (2008)2ASTM Internati

29、onal takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely thei

30、r own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should b

31、e addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standard

32、s, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).B 39 79 (2008)3