ASTM B440-2012 Standard Specification for Cadmium 《金属镉标准规格》.pdf

1、Designation:B44011 Designation: B440 12Standard Specification forCadmium1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B440; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses i

2、ndicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers refined cadmium metal in slab, ball or stick form.1.2 ToxicityWarning: Soluble and respirable forms of cadmium may be harmful to hu

3、man health and the environment incertain forms and concentrations. Therefore, ingestion and inhalation of cadmium should be controlled under the appropriateregulations of the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Cadmium-containing alloys and coatings shouldnot be used on articl

4、es that will contact food or beverages, or for dental and other equipment that is normally inserted in the mouth.Similarly, if articles using cadmium-containing alloys or coatings are welded, soldered, brazed, ground, “flame-cut,” or otherwiseheated during fabrication, adequate ventilation must be p

5、rovided to maintain occupational cadmium exposure below the OSHAPermissible Exposure Level (PEL).1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not consid

6、ered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety DataSheet (MSDS) for this pr

7、oduct/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health practices, anddetermine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B899 Terminology Relating to Non-ferrous Metals and AlloysE29 Practice for Using Sign

8、ificant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with SpecificationsE88 Practice for Sampling Nonferrous Metals and Alloys in Cast Form for Determination of Chemical CompositionE396 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of CadmiumE527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in the Unified Numberin

9、g System (UNS)3. Terminology3.1 Terms shall be defined in accordance with Terminology B899.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for cadmium under this specification shall include the following information:4.1.1 ASTM designation,4.1.2 Quantity (weight),4.1.3 Grade (Table 1), and4.1.4 Shape and size (Sec

10、tion 7).5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 The cadmium shall be furnished in commercial standard forms or shapes requested by purchaser.6. Chemical Requirements6.1 The cadmium supplied shall conform to the requirements of Table 1 for one of the three grades.1This specification is under the jurisdiction

11、 of ASTM Committee B02 on Nonferrous Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B02.04 on Zincand Cadmium.Current edition approved May 1, 2011.2012. Published May 2011.2012. Originally approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 20052011 asB44000(2005).B440 11. DOI: 1

12、0.1520/B0440-112.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.1This document is not an ASTM standard and

13、 is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only t

14、he current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7. Shape and Size7.1 Va

15、rious forms and sizes of commercially available cadmium are:Form Shape and SizeBall Spherical, about 2 in. diameterBall Spherical, about 2 in. (50.8 mm) in diameterStick Bar, about 9 312 338 in. or stick about 9 312 in. in diameter.Stick Bar, about 9 312 338 in. (229 3 9.5 mm) or stick about 9 312in

16、. (229 3 12.7 mm) in diameter.Slab Plate or bar, varying in weight from about 20 to 60 lbSlab Plate or bar, varying in weight from about 20 to 60 lb (9.0 to 27.2kg)7.2 Cadmium may be ordered in other shapes and sizes as mutually agreed.8. Workmanship, Finish and Appearance8.1 The supplier shall use

17、care to have the quality of each lot of cadmium as uniform as possible.8.2 The cadmium shall be reasonably free of adhering foreign material.9. Sampling for Chemical Analysis9.1 The producer may obtain representative samples from the molten metal during casting, and all or part of these samples mayb

18、e cast into shapes suitable for analysis.9.2 For sampling cadmium in slab form a minimum of two pieces shall be selected for shipments of 500 lb (227 kg) or less,three pieces for shipments of 500 to 1000 lb (227 to 454 kg), and one additional piece for each additional 1000 lb (454 kg) or partthereof

19、. For cadmium in ball or stick form a minimum of four pieces shall be selected for shipments of 500 lb (227 kg) or less,six pieces for shipments of 500 to 1000 lb (227 to 454 kg) and two additional pieces for each additional 1000 lb (454 kg) or partthereof.9.3 The selected pieces shall be cleaned to

20、 rid the surface of extraneous material and then sawed, drilled, or milled, care beingtaken to avoid errors due to segregation within the pieces. The saw, drill, or cutter used shall be thoroughly cleaned. No lubricantshall be used in the operation, and the sawings, drillings, or millings shall be t

21、reated with a magnet to remove any particles of steelintroduced in the taking of the samples. Equal weights of the sawings, drillings, or millings shall be taken from each piece sampled,and then combined into one sample and thoroughly mixed. The total sample weight shall be not less than 300 g.9.4 I

22、n those cases where the cadmium involved is in some other shape or form that does not lend itself to any of the abovemethods, the sampling procedure shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer or seller and purchaser. The method of 9.1 offersmany advantages.9.5 Aspects of sampling and sample prepa

23、ration not covered specifically in this specification shall be carried out in accordancewith Practice E88.10. Method of Chemical Analysis10.1 The chemical requirements enumerated in Table 1 shall, in case of disagreement, be determined by methods mutuallyagreed upon or by Test Methods E396.11. Rejec

24、tion11.1 Material which fails to conform to the requirements of this specification may be rejected.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsANOTE 1With the mutual agreement of the buyer and seller, chemicallimits for Tin, Silver, Antimony, Arsenic, and Mercury may also beassigned to the grades 99.95 and 99.99 C

25、d.Element Grade(UNS)B99.95 Cd(L01951)99.99 Cd(L01971)99.995 Cd(L01981)Cadmium, min.A99.95 % 99.99 % 99.995 %Iron, max. ppm . 10 5Copper, max. ppm 150 20 5Nickel, max. ppm . 10 5Lead, max. ppm 250 100 20Zinc, max. ppm 350 30 5Thallium, max. ppm 35 35 5Tin, max. ppm . . 1Silver, max. ppm . . 1Antimony

26、, max. ppm . . 0.1Arsenic, max. ppm . . 1Mercury, max. ppm . . 0.1ADetermined by difference.BUNS designations were established in accordance with Practice E527.B440 12212. Claims12.1 Claims to be considered shall be made to manufacturer or seller in writing within 30 days of receipt of material at t

27、hepurchasers plant, and the results of the test made by the purchaser shall accompany such claims. The manufacturer or seller shallbe given 2 weeks from the receipt of the complaint to investigate his records and shall either agree to satisfy the claim, obtain asample of the metal for investigation,

28、 or send a representative to the plant of the purchaser.12.2 No claims shall be considered unless the minimum number of samples of unused cadmium shapes can be shown to suchrepresentative.12.3 In a question of chemical composition, a sample shall be drawn by representatives of both parties in accord

29、ance withSection 10. The properly mixed and quartered sample shall be separated into three parts, each of which shall be placed in a sealedpackage, one for the manufacturer or seller, one for the purchaser and one for an umpire, if necessary. The manufacturer or sellerand purchaser shall each perfor

30、m an analysis. If the results do not establish or dismiss the claim to the satisfaction of both parties,the third sample shall be submitted to a mutually agreeable umpire who shall determine the question of quality and whosedetermination shall be final.13. Product Marking13.1 The outside container s

31、hall be marked in such a way that the manufacturer or seller may be identified. The individual piecesof cadmium may also be marked at the discretion of the manufacturer or seller.14. Keywords14.1 cadmium; cadmium metalSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee B02 has identified the location of selected changes to

32、 this standard since the last issue (B440 - 11)that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved May 1, 2012.)(1) Modified Sections 7 and 9 to conform with Blue Book SI policy, by adding mathematical reference conversions to SI valuesof the inch-pound values.Committee B02 has identified the locati

33、on of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(B440 - 00 (2005) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved May 1, 2011.)(1) Corrected typo in 7.1.(2) Deleted 12.4.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any

34、item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical c

35、ommittee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at

36、a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr

37、ive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).B440 123