ASTM B488-2001(2006) Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Gold for Engineering Uses《工程用电解沉积镀金层标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation: B 488 01 (Reapproved 2006)Standard Specification forElectrodeposited Coatings of Gold for Engineering Uses1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 488; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the

2、year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers re

3、quirements for electrodepos-ited gold coatings that contain not less than 99.00 mass % goldand that are used for engineering applications.1.2 Specifically excluded from this specification are auto-catalytic, immersion, and vapor deposited gold coatings.1.3 Gold coatings conforming to this specificat

4、ion are em-ployed for their corrosion and tarnish resistance (includingresistance to fretting corrosion and catalytic polymerization),bondability, low and stable contact resistance, solderability,and infrared reflectivity. Several types of coatings, differing ingold purity and hardness, are covered

5、by this specification.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. Values provided in parentheses are for informationonly.1.5 The following hazards caveat pertains only to the testmethods section, Section 9, of this specification: This standarddoes not purport to address all

6、of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B 183 Practice for Prepara

7、tion of Low-Carbon Steel forElectroplatingB 242 Guide for Preparation of High-Carbon Steel forElectroplatingB 253 Guide for Preparation of Aluminum Alloys for Elec-troplatingB 254 Practice for Preparation of and Electroplating onStainless SteelB 281 Practice for Preparation of Copper and Copper-Base

8、Alloys for Electroplating and Conversion CoatingsB 322 Guide for Cleaning Metals Prior to ElectroplatingB 343 Practice for Preparation of Nickel for Electroplatingwith NickelB 374 Terminology Relating to ElectroplatingB 481 Practice for Preparation of Titanium and TitaniumAlloys for ElectroplatingB

9、482 Practice for Preparation of Tungsten and TungstenAlloys for ElectroplatingB 487 Test Method for Measurement of Metal and OxideCoating Thickness by Microscopical Examination of aCross SectionB 489 Practice for Bend Test for Ductility of Electrodepos-ited and Autocatalytically Deposited Metal Coat

10、ings onMetalsB 499 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thick-nesses by the Magnetic Method: Nonmagnetic Coatings onMagnetic Basis MetalsB 504 Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Me-tallic Coatings by the Coulometric MethodB 507 Practice for Design ofArticles to Be Electroplated onRacksB 5

11、42 Terminology Relating to Electrical Contacts andTheir UseB 558 Practice for Preparation of Nickel Alloys for Electro-platingB 567 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thicknessby the Beta Backscatter MethodB 568 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thicknessby X-Ray SpectrometryB 571 Practice

12、for Qualitative Adhesion Testing of MetallicCoatingsB 578 Test Method for Microhardness of ElectroplatedCoatingsB 602 Test Method for Attribute Sampling of Metallic andInorganic CoatingsB 678 Test Method for Solderability of Metallic-CoatedProducts1This specification is under the jurisdiction of AST

13、M Committee B08 onMetallic and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeB08.08 on Metallic Coatings.Current edition approved April 1, 2006. Published April 2006. Originallyapproved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as B 488 01e1.2For referenced ASTM standards,

14、 visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 194

15、28-2959, United States.B 697 Guide for Selection of Sampling Plans for Inspectionof Electrodeposited Metallic and Inorganic CoatingsB 735 Test Method for Porosity in Gold Coatings on MetalSubstrates by Nitric Acid VaporB 741 Test Method for Porosity In Gold Coatings On MetalSubstrates By Paper Elect

16、rography3B 748 Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Me-tallic Coatings by Measurement of Cross Section with aScanning Electron MicroscopeB 762 Test Method of Variables Sampling of Metallic andInorganic CoatingsB 765 Guide for Selection of Porosity and Gross DefectTests for Electrodeposits and

17、 Related Metallic CoatingsB 799 Test Method for Porosity in Gold and PalladiumCoatings by Sulfurous Acid/Sulfur-Dioxide VaporB 809 Test Method for Porosity in Metallic Coatings byHumid Sulfur Vapor (“Flowers-of-Sulfur”)D 1125 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Re-sistivity of WaterD 3951 P

18、ractice for Commercial PackagingF 390 Test Method for Sheet Resistance of Thin MetallicFilms With a Collinear Four-Probe Array2.2 U.S. Government Standards:4MIL-G-45204 Gold Plating, ElectrodepositedMIL-STD-1916 DOD Preferred Methods for Acceptance ofProduct2.3 ANSI/ASQC Standard:5ANSI/ASQC Z1.4-199

19、3 Sampling Procedures and Tablesfor Inspection by Attributes3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this speci-fication refer to Terminologies B 374 or B 542.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 significant surfacesdefined as those normally vis-ible (directl

20、y or by reflection) or essential to the serviceabilityor function of the article. Can be the source of corrosionproducts or tarnish films that interfere with the function ordesirable appearance of the article. The significant surfacesshall be indicated on the drawings of the parts or by theprovision

21、 of suitably marked samples.3.2.2 underplatinga metallic coating layer between thebasis metal or substrate and the topmost metallic coating. Thethickness of an underplating is usually greater than 1 m (40in.), in contrast to a strike or flash, which is thinner.4. Classification4.1 Types of CoatingsA

22、 coating shall be specified by acombination of the following:4.1.1 Type, characterizing minimum purity in accordancewith 4.2.1,4.1.2 Code, designating Knoop hardness in accordance with4.2.3, and4.1.3 a numeral designating thickness in micrometres inaccordance with 4.3.4.2 Purity and Hardness:4.2.1 P

23、urityThe issue of this standard establishes a newASTM Type designation, which is identical to the originalstandard (MILG-45204), established for electrodeposited goldand is outlined in the following table.Mass Percent Gold, Minimum,Excluding Potassium, Carbon how much greater islargely determined by

24、 the shape of the article (see Practice B 507) and thecharacteristics of the plating process. In addition, the average coatingthickness on articles will vary from article to article within a productionlot. Therefore, if all the articles in a production lot are to meet thethickness requirement, the a

25、verage coating thickness for the production lotas a whole will be greater than the average necessary to ensure that anysingle article meets the requirement (see 8.1).7.5 AdhesionThe gold coatings shall be adherent to thesubstrate when tested by one of the procedures summarized in9.5.7.6 Integrity of

26、 the Coating:7.6.1 Gross Defects/Mechanical DamageThe coatingsshall be free of visible mechanical damage and similar grossdefects when viewed at magnifications up to 103. For someapplications this requirement may be relaxed to allow for asmall number of such defects (per unit area), especially if th

27、eyare outside or on the periphery of the significant surfaces (see7.6.2).7.6.2 PorosityAlmost all as-plated electrodeposits containsome porosity. The tolerable amount of porosity in the coatingdepends on the severity of the environment that the article islikely to encounter during service or storage

28、. If the pores arefew in number or away from the significant surfaces, theirpresence can often be tolerated. Such acceptance (or pass-fail)criteria, if required, shall be part of the product specification forthe particular article or coating requiring the porosity test (see9.6 for porosity testing).

29、8. Sampling8.1 The producer is urged to employ statistical processcontrol in the coating process. Properly performed, this processwill ensure coated products of satisfactory quality and willreduce the amount of acceptance inspection. The sampling planused for the inspection of the quality of the coa

30、ted articles shallbe as agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.NOTE 12Usually, with a collection of coated articles, the inspectionlot (see 8.2) is examined for compliance with the requirements placed onthe articles, a relatively small number of the articles, the sample, isselected at ra

31、ndom and is inspected. The inspection lot is then classified ascomplying with the requirements based on the results of the inspection ofthe sample. The size of the sample and the criteria of compliance aredetermined by the application of statistics. The procedure is known assampling inspection. Test

32、 Method B 602, Guide B 697, and Test MethodB 762 contain sampling plans that are designed for the sampling inspec-tion of coatings. Test Method B 602 contains four sampling plans, threefor use with tests that are nondestructive and one with those that aredestructive. The buyer and seller may agree o

33、n the plan or plans to beused. If they do not, Test Method B 602 identifies the plan to be used.B 488 01 (2006)4Guide B 697 provides a large number of plans and also gives guidance inthe selection of a plan. When Guide B 697 is specified, the buyer andseller need to agree on the plan to be used. Tes

34、t Method B 762 can be usedonly for coating requirements that have a numerical limit, such as coatingthickness. The test must yield a numerical value and certain statisticalrequirements must be met. Test Method B 762 contains several plans andalso gives instructions for calculating plans to meet spec

35、ial needs. Thebuyer and the seller may agree on the plan or plans to be used. If they donot, Test Method B 762 identifies the plan to be used.8.2 An inspection lot shall be defined as a collection ofcoated articles that are of the same kind; that have beenproduced to the same specifications; that ha

36、ve been coated bya single supplier at one time, or at approximately the sametime; under essentially identical conditions; and that aresubmitted for acceptance or rejection as a group.9. Test Methods9.1 Deposit PurityUse any recognized method to deter-mine quantitatively the metallic impurities prese

37、nt. Atomicabsorption spectrophotometry (or any methods with demon-strated uncertainty less than 10 %) may be used to determinethe metallic impurities. Initial scanning should be carried outfor all elements in order to detect any unknown or unexpectedmetallic impurities. Determine deposit purity by s

38、ubtractingtotal impurities in mass from 100 %. Deposit purity should bedetermined on samples at plating conditions representative ofactual production.9.2 HardnessMeasure hardness in accordance with TestMethod B 578. Deposit hardness should be determined onsamples at plating conditions representative

39、 of actual produc-tion.9.3 AppearanceThe coating shall be examined at magni-fications up to 103 for conformance to the requirements ofappearance.9.4 Thickness and Mass per Unit AreaMeasure thicknessby methods outlined in Test Methods B 487, B 567, B 568, orB 748. The method chosen shall be such as t

40、o give anuncertainty of less than 10 % on the particular coating beingmeasured.9.4.1 ThicknessThe beta backscatter, X-ray fluorescencespectrometry, and coulometric methods measure the mass ofgold per unit area that is present over the measured area. Thecross-sectioning and magnetic methods measure t

41、he geometri-cal thickness of the gold present. Since many gold coatingshave a density lower than the theoretical density of gold (19.3g/cm3), instruments utilizing the measuring principles in TestMethods B 504, B 567, and B 568 will often give lowerreadings than the microscopical cross-section metho

42、d. Toconvert mass of gold per unit area that is present over themeasured area to a geometrical thickness, it is necessary to usestandards having a density identical to that of the coatings to bemeasured, or to multiply the reading obtained by factor, f.f 519.3d(1)where:d = density of gold coating, g

43、/cm3.9.4.1.1 The density of gold coatings depends not only on thetype of gold coating but also on the gold content and thecomposition and purity of the electroplating solution. Thedensity figure, when the above methods are used for measure-ments of thickness, shall be considered to be 19.3 g/cm3forT

44、ype III coatings and 17.5 g/cm3for Type I and Type IIcoatings, unless:(1) the density is supplied by the plating process vendor, or(2) the density has been measured.9.4.2 Mass Per Unit AreaTest Methods B 504, B 567, andB 568 measure the mass of gold per unit area (coating weight)directly and indepen

45、dently of the density of gold.NOTE 13The calibration standards available from the National Insti-tute of Standards and Technology (NIST)8are certified in units of mass ofgold per unit area. Other calibration standards for gold are generallycertified in thickness units that can be converted to mass p

46、er unit area unitsby multiplying by the density of pure gold.Mass per unit area or coating weight!in mg/cm25 19.3 3 thickness m!/10 (2)This conversion should be verified by the supplier of thecalibration standards.9.5 AdhesionDetermine adhesion by one of the followingprocedures (see Test Methods B 5

47、71 for full details).9.5.1 Bend TestBend the electroplated article repeatedlythrough an angle of 180 on a diameter equal to the thicknessof the article until fracture of the basis metal occurs. Examinethe fracture at a magnification of 103. Cracking withoutseparation does not indicate poor adhesion

48、unless the coatingcan be peeled back with a sharp instrument.9.5.2 Heat TestNo flaking, blistering, or peeling shall beapparent at a magnification of 103 after the gold electroplatedparts are heated to 300 to 350C (570 to 660F) for 30 min andallowed to cool.9.5.3 Cutting TestMake a cut with a sharp

49、instrument andthen probe with a sharp point and examine at a magnificationof 103. No separation of the coating from the substrate shalloccur.9.6 Plating IntegrityPorosity shall be determined prefer-ably by either Test Method B 735, B 741, B 799, or B 809unless otherwise specified. See Guide B 765 for guidelines forselecting the appropriate test method.NOTE 14The test to be selected will depend upon the gold thickness,the nature of the basis metal, the nature and thickness of any intermediatelayers or underplate, the shape of the gold-coated part, and its