ASTM B488-2001(2010)e1 Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Gold for Engineering Uses《工程用电解沉积镀金层标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation: B488 01 (Reapproved 2010)1Standard Specification forElectrodeposited Coatings of Gold for Engineering Uses1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B488; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y

2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1NOTEEditorially corrected throughout in M

3、arch 2011.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers requirements for electrodepos-ited gold coatings that contain not less than 99.00 mass % goldand that are used for engineering applications.1.2 Specifically excluded from this specification are auto-catalytic, immersion, and vapor deposited gold coatin

4、gs.1.3 Gold coatings conforming to this specification are em-ployed for their corrosion and tarnish resistance (includingresistance to fretting corrosion and catalytic polymerization),bondability, low and stable contact resistance, solderability,and infrared reflectivity. Several types of coatings,

5、differing ingold purity and hardness, are covered by this specification.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. Values provided in parentheses are for informationonly.1.5 The following hazards caveat pertains only to the testmethods section, Section 9, of this specificat

6、ion: This standarddoes not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.2. Referenced Docum

7、ents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B183 Practice for Preparation of Low-Carbon Steel forElectroplatingB242 Guide for Preparation of High-Carbon Steel for Elec-troplatingB253 Guide for Preparation of Aluminum Alloys for Elec-troplatingB254 Practice for Preparation of and Electroplating onStainless SteelB281 Pra

8、ctice for Preparation of Copper and Copper-BaseAlloys for Electroplating and Conversion CoatingsB322 Guide for Cleaning Metals Prior to ElectroplatingB343 Practice for Preparation of Nickel for Electroplatingwith NickelB374 Terminology Relating to ElectroplatingB481 Practice for Preparation of Titan

9、ium and TitaniumAlloys for ElectroplatingB482 Practice for Preparation of Tungsten and TungstenAlloys for ElectroplatingB487 Test Method for Measurement of Metal and OxideCoating Thickness by Microscopical Examination of CrossSectionB489 Practice for Bend Test for Ductility of Electrodepos-ited and

10、Autocatalytically Deposited Metal Coatings onMetalsB499 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thick-nesses by the Magnetic Method: Nonmagnetic Coatings onMagnetic Basis MetalsB504 Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Me-tallic Coatings by the Coulometric MethodB507 Practice for Design of Art

11、icles to Be Electroplated onRacksB542 Terminology Relating to Electrical Contacts andTheir UseB558 Practice for Preparation of Nickel Alloys for Electro-platingB567 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thicknessby the Beta Backscatter MethodB568 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thicknessby X

12、-Ray SpectrometryB571 Practice for Qualitative Adhesion Testing of MetallicCoatingsB578 Test Method for Microhardness of ElectroplatedCoatings1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 onMetallic and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeB08.08.0

13、2 on Precious Metal Coatings.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originallyapproved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as B488 01(2006). DOI:10.1520/B0488-01R10E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer S

14、ervice at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.B602 Test Method for Attribute Sampling o

15、f Metallic andInorganic CoatingsB678 Test Method for Solderability of Metallic-CoatedProductsB697 Guide for Selection of Sampling Plans for Inspectionof Electrodeposited Metallic and Inorganic CoatingsB735 Test Method for Porosity in Gold Coatings on MetalSubstrates by Nitric Acid VaporB741 Test Met

16、hod for Porosity In Gold Coatings On MetalSubstrates By Paper Electrography3B748 Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Me-tallic Coatings by Measurement of Cross Section with aScanning Electron MicroscopeB762 Test Method of Variables Sampling of Metallic andInorganic CoatingsB765 Guide for Sel

17、ection of Porosity and Gross DefectTests for Electrodeposits and Related Metallic CoatingsB799 Test Method for Porosity in Gold and PalladiumCoatings by Sulfurous Acid/Sulfur-Dioxide VaporB809 Test Method for Porosity in Metallic Coatings byHumid Sulfur Vapor (“Flowers-of-Sulfur”)D1125 Test Methods

18、for Electrical Conductivity and Resis-tivity of WaterD3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingF390 Test Method for Sheet Resistance of Thin MetallicFilms With a Collinear Four-Probe Array2.2 U.S. Government Standards:4MIL-DTL-45204 Gold Plating, ElectrodepositedMIL-STD-1916 DOD Preferred Methods for A

19、cceptance ofProduct2.3 ANSI/ASQC Standard:5ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 Sampling Procedures and Tables forInspection by Attributes3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this speci-fication refer to Terminologies B374 or B542, B374, and B542.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard

20、:3.2.1 significant surfacesdefined as those normally vis-ible (directly or by reflection) or essential to the serviceabilityor function of the article. Can be the source of corrosionproducts or tarnish films that interfere with the function ordesirable appearance of the article. The significant surf

21、acesshall be indicated on the drawings of the parts or by theprovision of suitably marked samples.3.2.2 underplatinga metallic coating layer between thebasis metal or substrate and the topmost metallic coating. Thethickness of an underplating is usually greater than 1 m (40in.), in contrast to a str

22、ike or flash, which is thinner.4. Classification4.1 Types of CoatingsA coating shall be specified by acombination of the following:4.1.1 Type, characterizing minimum purity in accordancewith 4.2.1,4.1.2 Code, designating Knoop hardness in accordance with4.2.3, and4.1.3 a numeral designating thicknes

23、s in micrometres inaccordance with 4.3.4.2 Purity and Hardness:4.2.1 PurityThe issue of this standard establishes a newASTM Type designation, which is identical to the originalstandard (MIL-G-45204, which is now MIL-DTL-45204),established for electrodeposited gold and is outlined in thefollowing tab

24、le.Mass Percent Gold, Minimum,Excluding Potassium, Carbon how much greater islargely determined by the shape of the article (see Practice B507) and thecharacteristics of the plating process. In addition, the average coatingthickness on articles will vary from article to article within a productionlo

25、t. Therefore, if all the articles in a production lot are to meet thethickness requirement, the average coating thickness for the production lotas a whole will be greater than the average necessary to ensure that anysingle article meets the requirement (see 8.1).7.5 AdhesionThe gold coatings shall b

26、e adherent to thesubstrate when tested by one of the procedures summarized in9.5.7.6 Integrity of the Coating:7.6.1 Gross Defects/Mechanical DamageThe coatingsshall be free of visible mechanical damage and similar grossdefects when viewed at magnifications up to 103. For someapplications this requir

27、ement may be relaxed to allow for asmall number of such defects (per unit area), especially if theyare outside or on the periphery of the significant surfaces (see7.6.2).7.6.2 PorosityAlmost all as-plated electrodeposits containsome porosity. The tolerable amount of porosity in the coatingdepends on

28、 the severity of the environment that the article islikely to encounter during service or storage. If the pores arefew in number or away from the significant surfaces, theirpresence can often be tolerated. Such acceptance (or pass-fail)criteria, if required, shall be part of the product specificatio

29、n forthe particular article or coating requiring the porosity test (see9.6 for porosity testing).8. Sampling8.1 The supplier is urged to employ statistical processcontrol in the coating process. Properly performed, this processwill ensure coated products of satisfactory quality and willreduce the am

30、ount of acceptance inspection. The sampling planused for the inspection of the quality of the coated articles shallbe as agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.NOTE 12Usually, with a collection of coated articles, the inspectionlot (see 8.2) is examined for compliance with the requiremen

31、ts placed onB488 01 (2010)14the articles, a relatively small number of the articles, the sample, isselected at random and is inspected. The inspection lot is then classified ascomplying with the requirements based on the results of the inspection ofthe sample. The size of the sample and the criteria

32、 of compliance aredetermined by the application of statistics. The procedure is known assampling inspection. Test Method B602, Guide B697, and Test MethodB762 contain sampling plans that are designed for the sampling inspectionof coatings. Test Method B602 contains four sampling plans, three for use

33、with tests that are nondestructive and one with those that are destructive.The purchaser and supplier may agree on the plan or plans to be used. Ifthey do not, Test Method B602 identifies the plan to be used. Guide B697provides a large number of plans and also gives guidance in the selectionof a pla

34、n. When Guide B697 is specified, the purchaser and supplier needto agree on the plan to be used. Test Method B762 can be used only forcoating requirements that have a numerical limit, such as coatingthickness. The test must yield a numerical value and certain statisticalrequirements must be met. Tes

35、t Method B762 contains several plans andalso gives instructions for calculating plans to meet special needs. Thepurchaser and supplier may agree on the plan or plans to be used. If theydo not, Test Method B762 identifies the plan to be used.8.2 An inspection lot shall be defined as a collection ofco

36、ated articles that are of the same kind; that have beenproduced to the same specifications; that have been coated bya single supplier at one time, or at approximately the sametime; under essentially identical conditions; and that aresubmitted for acceptance or rejection as a group.9. Test Methods9.1

37、 Deposit PurityUse any recognized method to deter-mine quantitatively the metallic impurities present. Atomicabsorption spectrophotometry (or any methods with demon-strated uncertainty less than 10 %) may be used to determinethe metallic impurities. Initial scanning should be carried outfor all elem

38、ents in order to detect any unknown or unexpectedmetallic impurities. Determine deposit purity by subtractingtotal impurities in mass from 100 %. Deposit purity should bedetermined on samples at plating conditions representative ofactual production.9.2 HardnessMeasure hardness in accordance with Tes

39、tMethod B578. Deposit hardness should be determined onsamples at plating conditions representative of actual produc-tion.9.3 AppearanceThe coating shall be examined at magni-fications up to 103 for conformance to the requirements ofappearance.9.4 Thickness and Mass per Unit AreaMeasure thicknessby m

40、ethods outlined in Test Methods B487, B567, B568,orB748. The method chosen shall be such as to give anuncertainty of less than 10 % on the particular coating beingmeasured.9.4.1 ThicknessThe beta backscatter, X-ray fluorescencespectrometry, and coulometric methods measure the mass ofgold per unit ar

41、ea that is present over the measured area. Thecross-sectioning and magnetic methods measure the geometri-cal thickness of the gold present. Since many gold coatingshave a density lower than the theoretical density of gold (19.3g/cm3), instruments utilizing the measuring principles in TestMethods B50

42、4, B567, and B568 will often give lower readingsthan the microscopical cross-section method. To convert massof gold per unit area that is present over the measured area toa geometrical thickness, it is necessary to use standards havinga density identical to that of the coatings to be measured, or to

43、multiply the reading obtained by factor, f.f 519.3d(1)where:d = density of gold coating, g/cm3.9.4.1.1 The density of gold coatings depends not only on thetype of gold coating but also on the gold content and thecomposition and purity of the electroplating solution. Thedensity figure, when the above

44、 methods are used for measure-ments of thickness, shall be considered to be 19.3 g/cm3forType III coatings and 17.5 g/cm3for Type I and Type IIcoatings, unless:(1) the density is supplied by the plating process vendor, or(2) the density has been measured.9.4.2 Mass Per Unit AreaTest Methods B504, B5

45、67, andB568 measure the mass of gold per unit area (coating weight)directly and independently of the density of gold.NOTE 13The calibration standards available from the National Insti-tute of Standards and Technology (NIST)8are certified in units of mass ofgold per unit area. Other calibration stand

46、ards for gold are generallycertified in thickness units that can be converted to mass per unit area unitsby multiplying by the density of pure gold.Mass per unit area or coating weight!in mg/cm25 19.3 3 thickness m!/10 (2)This conversion should be verified by the supplier of thecalibration standards

47、.9.5 AdhesionDetermine adhesion by one of the followingprocedures (see Practice B571 for full details).9.5.1 Bend TestBend the electroplated article repeatedlythrough an angle of 180 on a diameter equal to the thicknessof the article until fracture of the basis metal occurs. Examinethe fracture at a

48、 magnification of 103. Cracking withoutseparation does not indicate poor adhesion unless the coatingcan be peeled back with a sharp instrument.9.5.2 Heat TestNo flaking, blistering, or peeling shall beapparent at a magnification of 103 after the gold electroplatedparts are heated to 300 to 350C (570

49、 to 660F) for 30 min andallowed to cool.9.5.3 Cutting TestMake a cut with a sharp instrument andthen probe with a sharp point and examine at a magnificationof 103. No separation of the coating from the substrate shalloccur.9.6 Plating IntegrityPorosity shall be determined prefer-ably by either Test Method B735, B741, B799,orB809 unlessotherwise specified. See Guide B765 for guidelines for select-ing the appropriate test method.NOTE 14The test to be selected will depend upon the gold thickness,the nature of the basis metal, the nature and thickness o