ASTM B558-1979(2008) Standard Practice for Preparation of Nickel Alloys for Electroplating《电镀用镍合金的制备的标准作法》.pdf

1、Designation: B 558 79 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Practice forPreparation of Nickel Alloys for Electroplating1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 558; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last

2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice is intended to serve as a guide forproducing adherent electrodeposits of nickel on nickel alloys.Only those

3、methods that are well known and generally prac-ticed are included. Methods that have been used successfullybut not on a broad scale are not included. Once nickel isapplied, other metals may be electroplated on the product.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if an

4、y, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Cleaning2.1 The following cleaning treatments may be used. Thechoice of the procedure will

5、 be governed largely by thecondition of the surface.2.1.1 Degreasing is used to remove the bulk of grease, oil,and finishing compounds that may be present on the surface.The cleaning may be vapor degreasing, solvent wash, emulsioncleaning, or soak cleaning.2.1.2 Electrolytic Alkaline CleaningRemoval

6、 of finaltraces of dirt, grease, and oil is accomplished best withelectrolytic alkaline cleaning. The solution may be either aproprietary cleaner or a formulated one.3. Activation3.1 The procedure used for activating the nickel alloysurface usually determines the soundness of the adhesion. Thechoice

7、 of treatment is governed by the condition of the surfaceand the type of alloy. A mild etching treatment should be usedon polished surfaces if a highly finished surface is required.Too mild a treatment may result in a sacrifice of maximumadhesion.3.2 Anodic-Cathodic Sulfuric AcidA 25 mass % sulfuric

8、acid solution, containing 166 mL of concentrated, 93 mass %sulfuric acid (density 1.83 g/mL) diluted to 1 L is used for thisetching treatment in which the alloy is first etched anodically ata low-current density of 2 A/dm2for 10 min and then madepassive at 20 A/dm2for 2 min and finally cathodic for

9、2 or 3 sat 20 A/dm2.(WarningSlowly add the sulfuric acid withrapid stirring to the approximate amount of water required.)When the initial mixture cools, dilute to exact volume. Thetemperature of the solution should be in the range from 20 to25C (70 to 80F). Chemical lead may be used for theelectrode

10、s. Rinsing should be used before electroplating.NOTE 1This activation is not suitable for barrel operation.3.3 Acid-Nickel Chloride TreatmentThis procedure usesan anodic treatment followed by a cathodic treatment in alow-pH nickel chloride solution. The composition of thesolution is 240 g/L of nicke

11、l chloride (NiCl26H2O) and 31 mLof concentrated 31.45 mass % hydrochloric acid (density 1.16g/mL). The normal procedure is to make the alloy anodic for 2min at 3 A/dm2and then cathodic for 6 min at the same currentdensity. The temperature of the solution should be in the rangefrom 20 to 25C. Nickel

12、may be used for the electrodes.Separate tanks are recommended for the anodic and cathodicsteps to avoid contamination of solution but a single tank maybe used. Rinsing should be used before electroplating exceptwhere indicated in Table X1.1.NOTE 2Nickel anode materials containing greater than 0.01 %

13、 sulfurare not recommended for use in acid nickel strike baths operating at pH0.5, or lower, to avoid oxidation of sulfides by hydrochloric acid.3.4 Anodic Etching in a Low pH Watts BathThe compo-sition of the low pH Watts Bath is 360 g/L of nickel sulfate(NiSO47H2O), 45 g/L of nickel chloride (NiCl

14、26H2O), and37.5 g/L of boric acid (H3BO3). This procedure uses an anodictreatment in a low-pH (2.0) bath for 10 min at 2 A/dm2. Thecurrent is then reversed and the nickel is electroplated undernormal conditions. Electrolytic nickel may be used as theopposing electrode material. No rinsing is needed

15、if the alloy istransferred to a chloride-containing electroplating bath.3.5 Hydrofluoric Acid EtchThis procedure consists of a10-s dip in a solution containing 500 mL of 47 mass %hydrofluoric acid diluted to 1 L at room temperature. Rinsingshould precede electroplating.4. Alloys4.1 Recommended activ

16、ating treatments for specific nickelalloys are listed in the Appendix, Table X1.1.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on Metallicand Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B08.02 onPre Treatment.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published

17、September 2008. Originallyapproved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as B 558 79 (2003).1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. RECOMMENDED ACTIVATION TREATMENTS FOR NICKELA

18、LLOYSTABLE X1.1 Activation Treatments for Nickel AlloysAlloy Activation CommentPermanickel 300 3.2 .Duranickel 301 3.2 .Incoloy 801 3.3 no rinsing before electroplatingIncoloy 901 3.5 .Inconel 600 3.3 .Inconel 722 3.3 anodic step only 15 sInconel 750 3.3 .Invar Regular 3.2 3 min after onset of passi

19、vityInvar 36 3.3 .42 % nickel-iron 3.2 3 min after onset of passivity46 to 50 % nickel-iron 3.2 3 min after onset of passivityMonel 400 3.2 5 min after onset of passivityMonel K-500 3.2 5 min after onset of passivityMonel R-405 3.2 5 min after onset of passivityMonel 501 3.2 5 min after onset of pas

20、sivityNickel 205 3.4 .Nickel 211 3.4 .Nimonic 75 3.3 .Nimonic 80A 3.3 .Ni-Span C902 3.2 .Ni-Resist Type 1 3.2 .Ni-Resist Type 25 3.2 .ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standa

21、rd are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif

22、 not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, whi

23、ch you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).B 558 79 (2008)2