1、Designation: B 776 07Standard Specification forHafnium and Hafnium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 776; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers two grades of wroughthafnium and hafnium alloy strip, sheet, and plate as follows:1.1.1 Grade R1 for nucle
3、ar applications, and1.1.2 Grade R3 for commercial applications.1.2 Unless a single unit is used, for example corrosion massgain in mg/dm2, the values stated in either inch-pound or SIunits are to be regarded separately as standard. The valuesstated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore
4、 eachsystem must be used independently of the other. SI valuescannot be mixed with inch-pound values.1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portions of this specification. This standard doesnot purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its
5、use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE21 Test Methods for
6、 Elevated Temperature Tension Testsof Metallic MaterialsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications3. Terminology3.1 Lot Definition:3.1.1 lot, na lot shall consist of a material of the samesize, shape, condition, and finish produced from the ing
7、ot orpowder blend by the same reduction schedule and the sameheat treatment parameters. Unless otherwise agreed uponbetween manufacturer and purchaser, a lot shall be limited tothe product of an 8 h period for final continuous anneal, or toa single furnace load for final batch anneal.3.2 Forms:3.2.1
8、 strip, na flat product, may be supplied in coil, lessthan 6 in. (150 mm) in width and from 0.005 to 0.188 in. (0.13to 4.8 mm) in thickness.3.2.2 sheet, na flat product 6 in. (150 mm) or more inwidth and from 0.005 to 0.188 in. (0.13 to 4.8 mm) inthickness.3.2.3 plate, na flat product more than 0.18
9、8 in. (4.8 mm)in thickness.4. Classification4.1 The strip, sheet, or plate is to be furnished in two gradesas follows:4.1.1 Grade R1 (Nuclear) Unalloyed.4.1.2 Grade R3 (Commercial) Unalloyed.5. Ordering Information5.1 Purchase orders for materials under this specificationshall include the following
10、information as applicable:5.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of pieces),5.1.2 Form (3.2) and dimensions,5.1.3 Grade (4.1),5.1.4 Lot definition for continuous anneal, if applicable(3.1),5.1.5 Metallurgical condition, if not in the recrystallizedannealed condition (6.3),5.1.6 Chemical analysis of elemen
11、ts not listed (7.1.3),5.1.7 Product analysis (7.1.1.1 and 7.1.3),5.1.8 Tensile test temperatures (8.1),5.1.9 Mechanical properties, for Grade R3 (8.1),5.1.10 Corrosion properties and testing, (9.1 and 9.1.3),5.1.11 Material condition and finish (12.1-12.5),1This specification is under the jurisdicti
12、on of ASTM Committee B10 onReactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee B10.02 on Zirconium and Hafnium.Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published May 2007. Originallyapproved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as B 776 06.2For reference
13、d ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Con
14、shohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.1.12 Workmanship standards and methods of inspection(Section 13),5.1.13 Purchaser inspection (16.1),5.1.14 Rejection and referee (17.2),5.1.15 Certification report (Section 18),5.1.16 Product marking (Section 19), and5.1.17 Packaging and package marking (Sec
15、tion 20).NOTE 1A typical ordering description is as follows: twenty-eightpieces hafnium plate, annealed; mechanically descaled and pickled; 0.158by 6.000 in. thick by 18-in. long lengths; Grade R1; ASTM B 776 07.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Material covered by this specification shall be madefrom
16、 ingots that are produced by vacuum or plasma arcmelting, vacuum electron-beam melting, a combination ofthese three methods or other melting processes conventionallyused for reactive metals. All processes to be done in furnacesusually used for reactive metals.6.2 The various mill products covered by
17、 this specificationshall be formed with the conventional extrusion, forging, orrolling equipment normally found in primary ferrous andnonferrous plants.6.3 The sheet, strip, and plate shall be supplied in therecrystallized annealed condition unless otherwise specified inthe purchase order.7. Chemica
18、l Composition7.1 The grades of R1 and R3 metal covered by thisspecification shall conform to the chemical composition re-quirements prescribed in Table 1.7.1.1 The elements listed in Table 1 are intentional alloyadditions or elements which are inherent to the manufacture ofsponge, ingot or mill prod
19、uct.7.1.1.1 Elements other than those listed in Table 1 aredeemed to be capable of occurring in the grades listed inTable 1 by and only by way of unregulated or unanalyzed scrapadditions to the ingot melt. Therefore, product analysis forelements not listed in Table 1 shall not be required unlessspec
20、ified and shall be considered to be in excess of the intentof this specification.7.1.2 Elements intentionally added to the melt must beidentified, analyzed, and reported in the chemical analysis.7.1.3 When agreed upon by producer and purchaser andrequested by the purchaser in his written purchase or
21、der,chemical analysis shall be completed for specific residualelements not listed in this specification.7.2 The manufacturers ingot analysis shall be consideredthe chemical analysis, except for certain cases where tests onproduct are required, as specified in 14.1.1.7.2.1 The ingot shall be sampled
22、in sufficient places alongthe side wall so that the top sample is within 5 in. (125 mm) ofthe top face and the distance between samples or between thebottom face and a sample does not exceed one ingot diameter.A minimum of three samples per ingot is required.7.2.2 These samples shall be analyzed for
23、 the alloying andimpurity elements given in Table 1.7.2.3 Alternatively, the manufacturer may sample an inter-mediate or final size during processing with the same fre-quency and in the same positions relative to the ingot asspecified in 7.2.1 to determine the composition, except forhydrogen and nit
24、rogen, which shall be determined on thefinished product.7.3 Check Analysis:7.3.1 Check analysis is an analysis made by the purchaser orthe manufacturer of the metal after it has been processed intofinished mill forms, and is either for the purpose of verifyingthe composition of a heat or lot or to d
25、etermine variations incomposition within a heat or lot. Acceptance or rejection of alot of material may be made by the purchaser on the basis ofthis check analysis.7.3.2 Check analysis limits shall be as specified in Table 2.These limits are the amounts an individual result for a givenelement may va
26、ry under or over the specified limits shown inTable 1.7.3.3 Check analysis tolerances do not broaden the specifiedheat analysis requirements but cover variations between labo-ratories in the measurement of chemical content.7.3.4 The manufacturer shall not ship material that isoutside the limits spec
27、ified in Table 1 for the applicable grade.8. Mechanical Properties8.1 Grade R1 shall conform to the requirements prescribedin Table 3 for room temperature mechanical properties. El-evated temperature properties shall be used to determinecompliance only when specified in the purchase order. WhenTABLE
28、 1 Chemical RequirementsElementsComposition, WeightGrade R1 Grade R3Aluminum 0.010 0.050Carbon 0.015 0.025Chromium 0.010 0.050Copper 0.010 .Hydrogen 0.0025 0.0050Iron 0.050 0.0750Molybdenum 0.0020 .Nickel 0.0050 .Niobium 0.010 .Nitrogen 0.010 0.015Oxygen 0.040 0.130Silicon 0.010 0.050Tantalum 0.020
29、.Tin 0.0050 .Titanium 0.010 0.050Tungsten 0.0150 0.0150Uranium 0.0010 .Vanadium 0.0050 .ZirconiumAAHafnium balance balanceAZirconium shall be reported. Acceptable levels shall be established by mutualagreement between purchaser and producer.TABLE 2 Check Analyses LimitsElement Variations Under Min.
30、or Over Max. %Hydrogen 0.002Nitrogen 0.01Carbon 0.01Zirconium 0.02Iron and Chromium 0.025Tin 0.05Niobium 0.05Oxygen 0.02B776072required by the purchaser, Grade R3 mechanical propertiesshall conform to the limits specified in the purchase order.9. Corrosion Properties9.1 When required by the purchase
31、r and stated in thepurchase order, the following corrosion testing shall be per-formed:9.1.1 Two samples chosen at random from each lot shall becorrosion tested in water at 680F (360C), 2690 psi (18.5MPa) for 672+80 h using the manufacturers standardprocedure.9.1.2 Grade R1Coupons shall exhibit a we
32、ight gain of notmore than 10 mg/dm2.9.1.3 Grade R3 will be tested for information only, ifrequired by purchase order.10. Significance of Numerical Limits10.1 For the purpose of determining compliance with thespecified limits for requirements of the properties listed in thefollowing table, an observe
33、d value or a calculated value shallbe rounded as indicated in accordance with the roundingmethods of Practice E29.Property Rounded Unit for Observed orCalculated ValueChemical composition, and toler-ances (when expressed asdecimals)nearest unit in the last righthand placeof figures of the specified
34、limitTensile strength and yieldstrengthnearest 1000 psi (10 MPa)Elongation nearest 1 %11. Permissible Variations in Dimensions and Weights11.1 ThicknessThe variations in thickness of strip, sheet,and plate are given in the following tables:11.1.1 Hot-rolled strip, Table 4.11.1.2 Cold-rolled strip, T
35、able 5.11.1.3 Hot- and cold-rolled sheet, Table 6.11.1.4 Plate, Table 7.11.2 WidthThe variations in width are given in the fol-lowing tables:11.2.1 Hot-rolled strip, Table 8.11.2.2 Cold-rolled strip, Table 9.11.2.3 Hot- and cold-rolled sheet, Table 10.11.2.4 Plate, Table 11.11.3 LengthThe variations
36、 in length are given in thefollowing tables:11.3.1 Hot- and cold-rolled strip, Table 12.11.3.2 Hot- and cold-rolled sheet, Table 13.11.3.3 Plate, Table 11.11.4 Crown TolerancesThe variations in crown tolerancesare given in the following tables:11.4.1 Hot-rolled strip, Table 14.11.4.2 Cold-rolled str
37、ip, Table 15.11.4.3 Hot-rolled sheet, Table 16.11.4.4 Cold-rolled sheet, Table 17.11.5 Camber TolerancesThe variations in camber toler-ances are given in the following tables:11.5.1 Hot- and cold-rolled strip, Table 18.11.5.2 Hot- and cold-rolled sheet, Table 19.11.5.3 Plate, Table 20.11.6 DiameterT
38、he variation in diameter tolerance forcircular plates is given in Table 21.11.7 FlatnessThe permissible variation from a flat surfacefor plate is given in Table 22.11.8 WeightThe actual shipping weight of any one item ofan ordered thickness and width in any finish may exceedestimated weight by as mu
39、ch as 10 %.12. Condition and Finish12.1 Sheet, strip, or plate shall be furnished in one of thefollowing conditions as designated on the purchase order:Form ConditionStrip hot-rolledhot-rolled, annealedcold-rolledcold-rolled, annealedcold-rolled, annealed, followed by a final light cold-rolled pass,
40、 generally on polished rolls.Sheet hot-rolledhot-rolled, annealedcold-rolled, annealedcold-rolled, annealed, followed by a final light cold-rolled pass, generally on polished rolls.Plate hot-rolledhot-rolled, annealed12.2 Hot-rolled sheet, strip, or plate shall be furnished withone of the following
41、finishes, as designated in the purchaseorder:12.2.1 Not descaled,12.2.2 Mechanically descaled, or12.2.3 Mechanically descaled and pickled.12.3 Cold-rolled sheet or strip shall be furnished with one ofthe following finishes as designated in the purchase order:12.3.1 Cold-rolled,12.3.2 Ground 32 in. (
42、0.8 m) rms or better, or12.3.3 Pickled.12.4 Hot-Rolled StripThe following types of edges can befurnished on hot-rolled strip when specified in the purchaseorder:12.4.1 Mill edge,12.4.2 Slit edge, andTABLE 3 Grade 1 Mechanical PropertiesSampleDirectionConditionTestTemperatureTensileStrength,min ksi(M
43、Pa)YieldStrength,min ksi(MPa)Elongation,(min %)in2in.(50 mm)Longitudinal annealed RT 58 (400) 22 (151) 20Longitudinal annealed 600F (315C) 25 (172) 11 (76) 25Transverse annealed RT 45 (310) 25 (172) 20Transverse annealed 600F (315C) 23 (158) 14 (96) 30TABLE 4 Permissible Variations in Thickness of H
44、ot-RolledHafnium StripASpecified Width, in. (mm)Variations from Specified Thicknessfor Widths Given,Over and Under, in. (mm)0.083 to 0.118(2.1 to 3.0)Over 0.118 to 0.188(3.0 to 4.78)To 312 (90), incl 0.005 (0.13) 0.006 (0.15)Over 312 to 6 (90 to 150), incl 0.006 (0.15) 0.007 (0.18)AThickness measure
45、ments are taken at least38 in. (10 mm) from edge.B776073TABLE 5 Permissible Variations in Thickness of Cold-Rolled Hafnium StripNOTE 1For thickness under 0.010 in. (0.25 mm) and in width to 6 in. (150 mm), a tolerance of 610 % of the thickness shall apply.NOTE 2Thickness measurements shall be taken3
46、8 in. (10 mm) in from edge of the strip, except on widths less than 1 in. (25 mm), where thetolerances are applicable for measurements at all locations.Specified Thickness, in. (mm)Permissible Variations in Thickness, for Widths Given, 6 in. (mm)316 to 1 (4.8 to 25), excl 1 to 3 (25 to 75), excl 3 t
47、o 6 (75 to 150), excl0.188 to 0.160 (4.78 to 4.06), incl 0.002 (0.05) 0.003 (0.08) 0.004 (0.10)0.160 to 0.100 (4.05 to 2.52), incl 0.002 (0.05) 0.002 (0.05) 0.003 (0.08)0.099 to 0.069 (2.51 to 1.75), incl 0.002 (0.05) 0.002 (0.05) 0.003 (0.08)0.068 to 0.050 (1.74 to 1.27), incl 0.002 (0.05) 0.002 (0
48、05) 0.003 (0.08)0.049 to 0.040 (1.26 to 1.01), incl 0.002 (0.05) 0.002 (0.05) 0.0025 (0.07)0.039 to 0.035 (1.00 to 0.88), incl 0.002 (0.05) 0.002 (0.05) 0.0025 (0.07)0.034 to 0.029 (0.87 to 0.73), incl 0.0015 (0.04) 0.015 (0.04) 0.002 (0.05)0.028 to 0.026 (0.72 to 0.66), incl 0.001 (0.025) 0.015 (0.
49、04) 0.0015 (0.04)0.025 to 0.020 (0.65 to 0.51), incl 0.001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025) 0.0015 (0.04)0.019 (0.50) and under 0.001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025)TABLE 6 Permissible Variations in Thickness of Hot- and Cold-Rolled Hafnium SheetASpecified Thickness, in. (mm)Hot-RolledPermissible Variations inThickness, 6 in. (mm)Cold-RolledPermissible Variations inThickness, 6 in. (mm)0.146 to 0.188 (3.70 to 4.76) excl 0.014 (0.35) 0.007 (0.18)0.131 to 0.145 (3.32 to 3.69) 0.012 (0.30) 0.006 (0.15)0.115 to 0.130 (2.92 to 3.31) 0.010 (0.25) 0.005 (0.13
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