1、Designation: B789/B789M 99 (Reapproved 2011)B789/B789M 16Standard Practice forInstalling Corrugated Aluminum Structural Plate Pipe forCulverts and Sewers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B789/B789M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original ado
2、ption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This practice covers procedures, soils, and soil placement for t
3、he proper installation of corrugated aluminum structural plateculverts and sewers in either trench or embankment installations. A typical trench installation is shown in Fig. 1, and a typicalembankment (projection) installation is shown in Fig. 2. Structural plate structures as described herein are
4、those structures factoryfabricated in plate form and bolted together on site to provide the required shape, size, and length of structure. This practice appliesto structures designed in accordance with Practice B790/B790M.1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarde
5、d separately as standard. Within the text, the SI unitsare shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be usedindependently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.3 This stan
6、dard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 AST
7、M Standards:2B746/B746M Specification for Corrugated Aluminum Alloy Structural Plate for Field-Bolted Pipe, Pipe-Arches, and ArchesB790/B790M Practice for Structural Design of Corrugated Aluminum Pipe, Pipe-Arches, and Arches for Culverts, StormSewers, and Other Buried ConduitsD698 Test Methods for
8、Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft3 (600 kN-m/m3)D1556 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by Sand-Cone MethodD1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft3 (2,700kN
9、-m/m3)D2167 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Rubber Balloon MethodD2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)D2922D2937 Test MethodsMethod for Density of Soil and Soil-Aggregate in Place by Nuclear Methods (S
10、hallow Depth)theDrive-Cylinder Method (Withdrawn 2007)D2937D6938 Test MethodMethods for Density In-Place Density and Water Content of Soil in Place by the Drive-CylinderMethodand Soil-Aggregate by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 a
11、rch, nsegment of a circular shape spanning an open invert between the footings on which it rests.3.1.2 bedding, nearth or other material on which a pipe is supported.3.1.3 haunch, nportion of the pipe cross section between the maximum horizontal dimension and the top of the bedding.3.1.4 invert, nlo
12、west point on the pipe cross section; also, the bottom portion of a pipe.1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B07 on Light Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B07.08 on CorrugatedAluminum Pipe and Corrugated Aluminum Structural Plate.Current edit
13、ion approved May 1, 2011May 1, 2016. Published May 2011May 2016. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20052011 asB789/B789M 05.B789/B789M 99 (2011). DOI: 10.1520/B0789_B0789M-99R11.10.1520/B0789_B0789M-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org,
14、or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes h
15、ave been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official d
16、ocument.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.5 pipe, nconduit having a full circular shape; also, in a general context, all structure shapes covered by th
17、is specification.3.1.6 pipe-arch, npipe with an approximate semicircular crown, small-radius corners, and large-radius invert.3.1.7 underpass, npipe with an approximate semicircular crown, large-radius sides, small-radius corners between sides andinvert, and large-radius invert.4. Significance and U
18、se4.1 Corrugated aluminum structural plate pipe functions structurally as a flexible ring that is supported by and interacts withthe compacted surrounding soil. The soil placed around the structure is thus an integral part of the structural system. It is thereforeimportant to ensure that the soil st
19、ructure is made up of the acceptable material and well-constructed. Field verification of soilstructure acceptability using Test Methods D1556, D2167, D2922D6938, or D2937, as applicable, and comparing the results withTest Methods D698 or D1557, in accordance with the specifications for each project
20、, is the most reliable basis for installation ofan acceptable structure. The required density and method of measurement are not specified by this practice but must be establishedin the specifications for each project.5. Trench Excavation5.1 To obtain the anticipated structural performance of structu
21、ral plate structures, it is not necessary to control trench widthbeyond the minimum necessary for proper assembly of the structure and placement of the structural backfill. However, the soil oneach side beyond the excavated trench must be able to support anticipated loads. When a construction situat
22、ion calls for a relativelywide trench, it may be made as wide as required for its full depth, if so desired. However, trench excavation must be in compliancewith any local, state, and federal codes and safety regulations.6. Foundation6.1 The supporting soil beneath the structure must provide a reaso
23、nably uniform resistance to the imposed load, bothlongitudinally and laterally. Sharp variations in the foundation must be avoided. When rock is encountered, it must be excavatedand replaced with soil. If the structure is to be placed on a continuous rock foundation, it will be necessary to provide
24、a beddingof soil between the rock and the structure. See Fig. 3.FIG. 1 Typical Trench InstallationFIG. 2 Typical Embankment (Projection) InstallationB789/B789M 1626.2 Lateral changes in foundation should never be such that the structure is firmly supported while the backfill on either sideis not. Wh
25、en soft material is encountered in the foundation and must be removed to maintain the grade on the structure, then itmust be removed, usually for a minimum of three structure widths. See Fig. 4. A smaller width of removal can sometimes be usedif established by the engineer.6.3 Performance of buried
26、structures is enhanced by allowing the structure to settle slightly relative to the columns of earthalongside. Therefore, when significant settlement of the overall foundation is expected, it is beneficial to provide a yieldingfoundation under structural plate structures. A yielding foundation is on
27、e that allows the structure to settle vertically by a greateramount than the vertical settlement of the columns of earth alongside. It can usually be obtained by placing beneath the structurea layer of suitable thickness of compressible soil, less densely compacted than the soil alongside. This is p
28、articularly important onstructures with relatively large-radius invert plates.6.4 For all structures with relatively small-radius corner plates adjacent to large-radius invert plates (such as pipe-arches orunderpass structures), excellent soil support must be provided adjacent to the small-radius co
29、rner plates by both the in-situfoundation and the structural backfill. See Fig. 4 and Fig. 5. A yielding foundation must be provided beneath the invert plates forsuch structures when soft foundation conditions are encountered.d = 12 in./ft. 40 mm/m of fill over pipe, with a 24-in. 600 mm maximum.NOT
30、E 1Section B-B is applicable to all continuous rock foundationsFIG. 3 Foundation Transition Zones and Rock FoundationsFIG. 4 Soft Foundation TreatmentB789/B789M 1637. Bedding7.1 In most cases, structural plate structures may be assembled directly on in-situ material fine-graded to proper alignment a
31、ndgrade. Take care to compact the material beneath the haunches prior to placing structural backfill. For structures with relativelysmall-radius corner plates adjacent to large-radius invert plates, it is recommended to either shape the bedding to the invert plateradius or fine-grade the foundation
32、to a slight v-shape. The soil adjacent to the corners must be of an excellent quality and highlycompacted to accommodate the high reaction pressures that can develop at that location. See Fig. 5.7.2 Structures having a span greater than 15 ft 4.5 m or a depth of cover greater than 20 ft 6 m should b
33、e provided with ashaped bedding on a yielding foundation. The bedding should be shaped to facilitate the required compaction of the structuralbackfill under the haunches. A shaped bedding on a yielding foundation is always required under structures with small-radiuscorner plates adjacent to large-ra
34、dius invert plates.7.3 Material in contact with the pipe must not contain rock retained on a 3-in. 75-mm diameter ring, frozen lumps, chunksof highly plastic clay, organic matter, corrosive material, or other deleterious material.8. Assembly8.1 Structural plate structures are furnished in components
35、 of plates and fasteners for field assembly. These components arefurnished in accordance with Specification B746/B746M. Plates are furnished in a 4 ft, 6 in. 1372 mm width and multiple lengths,preformed and punched for assembling into the required structure shape, size, and length. The plate lengths
36、 form the periphery ofthe structure. Arrange the single width and the multiple lengths to allow for staggered, transverse seams to avoid four-plate laps.The fabricator of the structural plate shall furnish an assembly drawing showing the location of each plate by width, length,thickness, and curvatu
37、re. The plates must be assembled in accordance with the fabricators drawing.8.2 For structures with inverts, assembly shall begin with the invert plates at the downstream end. As the assembly proceedsupstream, plates that fall fully or partly below the maximum width of the structure are lapped over
38、the preceding plates to constructthe transverse seams.8.3 Arches on Footings:8.3.1 FootingsArches have no integral invert and usually rest in key ways cast into footings. Key ways must be accuratelyset to span, line, and grade, as shown in the plans and specifications. When the arch is not a half ci
39、rcle, the key way must be angled(rotated) or sized to allow proper entrance of the plate. All pertinent dimensions must be shown on the drawings.8.3.2 AssemblyFor arch structures, assembly typically begins at the upstream end and proceeds downstream, with eachsucceeding plate lapping on the outside
40、of the previous plate. There may be cases where it is more advantageous to start assemblyat some other point along the length of the structure, such as is in the case where an elbow is involved. During the erection of thering, plates are not self-supporting and must be temporarily supported. If the
41、size of the key ways is such that the plates may moveduring backfilling, the plates must be temporarily blocked in the key ways to maintain span. Assemble as few plates as practical.Start with a row of several plates along both of the footings. Before finishing the bottom row of plates, start at the
42、 end of thestructure with the next row of plates. Before reaching the end of the first row of plates, start again at the end of the structure withFIG. 5 Bedding and Corner Zone Treatment for Large-Radius Invert Plate StructuresB789/B789M 164the next row of plates. Continue this process until the fir
43、st ring is closed at its top, and then continue assembling all rows in thissame manner. The structure will have a “stair step” appearance as a result of this procedure. This practice helps to hold thestructures shape.8.4 Generally, structural plate should be assembled with as few bolts as practical.
44、 These bolts should be placed loose and remainloose until the periphery has been completed for several plate lengths. However, on large structures, it is practical to align bolt holesduring assembly and tighten the bolts to maintain structure shape.After the periphery of the structure is completed f
45、or several platelengths, all bolts may be placed and tightened. Correct any significant deviation in the structure shape before tightening bolts (seeSection 10). It is advisable not to tighten bolts on the loosely assembled structure within a distance of 30 ft 9 m of where plateassembly is ongoing.
46、All bolts shall be tightened using an applied torque of between 100 and 150 ftlbf 135 and 205 Nm. It isimportant not to over-torque the bolts.8.5 Standard structural plate structures, because of the bolted construction, are not intended to be watertight. On occasionswhere a degree of watertightness
47、is required, it is practical to introduce a seam sealant tape within the bolted seams. The tape shallbe wide enough to effectively cover all rows of holes in plate laps, and of the proper thickness and consistency to effectively fillall voids in plate laps. General procedures for installing sealant
48、tape are as follows: On longitudinal seams, prior to placing thelapping plate, roll the tape over the seam and work into the corrugations. Do not stretch the tape. Remove any paper backing priorto making up the joint. Seal transverse seams in a like manner with tape. At all points where three plates
49、 intersect, place anadditional thickness of tape for a short distance to fill the void caused by the transverse seam overlap. It is most practical to punchthe tape for bolts with a hot spud wrench or sharp tool.At least two tightenings of the bolts will usually be necessary to accomplishthe required torque.9. Structural Backfill Material9.1 Structural backfill is that material that surrounds the pipe, extending laterally to the walls of the trench or to the fill materialfor embankment construction, and extending vertically from the invert to
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