1、Designation: B 811 02 (Reapproved 2007)Standard Specification forWrought Zirconium Alloy Seamless Tubes for NuclearReactor Fuel Cladding1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 811; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers seamless wrought zirconium-alloy tubes for nuclear fuel cladding a
3、pplication, in the outsidediameter (OD) size range of 0.200 in. (5.1 mm) to 0.650 in.(16.5 mm) and wall thickness range of 0.010 in. (0.25 mm) to0.035 in. (0.89 mm).1.2 Two grades of reactor grade zirconium alloys aredescribed.1.2.1 The present UNS numbers designated for the twogrades are given in T
4、able 1.1.3 Unless a single unit is used, for example corrosion massgain in mg/dm2, the values stated in either inch-pound or SIunits are to be regarded separately as standard. The valuesstated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore eachsystem must be used independently of the other. SI
5、valuescannot be mixed with inch-pound values.1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portions of this specification: This standard doesnot purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandar
6、d to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B 350/B 350M Specification for Zirconium and ZirconiumAlloy Ingots for Nuclear ApplicationB 353 Specification for Wrought Zirconium a
7、nd ZirconiumAlloy Seamless and Welded Tubes for Nuclear Service(Except Nuclear Fuel Cladding)E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Mate-rials MetricE21 Test Methods for Elevated Temperature Tension Testsof Metallic MaterialsE29 Prac
8、tice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeG 2/G 2M Test Method for Corrosion Testing of Products ofZirconium, Hafnium, and Their Alloys in Water at 680F360C or in Steam at 750F 400C2.2 Other Document:
9、ANSI B46.1 Surface Texture (Surface Roughness)33. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 dimensions, ntube dimensions are outside diameter,inside diameter, and wall thickness. Only two of these param-eters may be specified in addition to length, except minimumwall may be
10、 specified with outside and inside diameter. In eachcase, ovality and wall thickness variation (WTV) may bespecified as additional requirements.3.1.2 hydride orientation fraction, Fn, nthe ratio of hy-dride platelets oriented in the radial direction to the totalhydride platelets in the field examine
11、d.3.1.3 lot size, na lot shall consist of all tubes of the samesize, shape, condition, and finish produced from the same ingotby the same reduction schedule and heat treatment. The finalheat treatment shall be in a single furnace charge.3.1.4 mill finish tubes, ntubes that have received allfinishing
12、 operations subsequent to final anneal, which poten-tially affects tube mechanical, dimensional, or surface condi-tion. These operations include, but are not limited to, pickling,cleaning, outer and inner surface abrasive conditioning, andstraightening.1This specification is under the jurisdiction o
13、f ASTM Committee B10 onReactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee B10.02 on Zirconium and Hafnium.Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published May 2007. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as B 811 02.2For referenced AS
14、TM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), 1140 ConnecticutAve.,
15、 NW, Suite 705, Washington, DC 20036, http:/www.steel.org.TABLE 1 ASTM and UNS Number Designation for Reactor GradeZirconium AlloysGrade UNS NumberZirconium-tin alloy R60802Zirconium-tin alloy R608041Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
16、United States.3.1.5 ovality, nthe difference between the maximum andminimum diameter, either outer or inner, as determined at anyone transverse cross-section of the tube.3.1.6 wall thickness variation (WTV), nthe differencebetween maximum and minimum wall thickness measured atany one transverse cros
17、s-section of the tube.NOTE 1Measurement of ovality and WTV made by a helical scanwith a pitch not exceeding 0.25 in. (6.5 mm) shall be considered asequivalent to “at any one cross-section of the tube.”3.2 Lot Definitions:3.2.1 castings, na lot shall consist of all castings producedfrom the same pour
18、.3.2.2 ingot, nno definition required.3.2.3 rounds, flats, tubes, and wrought powder metallurgicalproducts (single definition, common to nuclear and non-nuclear standards), na lot shall consist of a material of thesame size, shape, condition, and finish produced from the sameingot or powder blend by
19、 the same reduction schedule and thesame heat treatment parameters. Unless otherwise agreedbetween manufacturer and purchaser, a lot shall be limited tothe product of an 8 h period for final continuous anneal, or toa single furnace load for final batch anneal.3.2.4 sponge, na lot shall consist of a
20、single blendproduced at one time.3.2.5 weld fittings, ndefinition is to be mutually agreedupon between manufacturer and the purchaser.4. Ordering Information4.1 Purchase orders for tubes covered in this specificationshall include the following information to describe adequatelythe desired material:4
21、.1.1 Quantity,4.1.2 Grade (see Table 1),4.1.3 Condition (recrystallization annealed or stress reliefannealed),4.1.4 Tube dimensions and tolerance,4.1.5 ASTM designation and year of issue,4.1.6 Surface texture on (roughness) the inside and outsidesurfaces (Ra(micro-inches or micrometers),4.1.7 Surfac
22、e condition on the inside diameter (ID) andoutside diameter (OD) surfaces (as pickled, blasted, abraded,etc.),4.1.8 Sample test conditions (if other than mill finishcondition) and standards for corrosion test (see Section 8.2),4.1.9 General test requirements and test plan for lots (seeSection 10),4.
23、1.10 Number of tests and resampling plan and require-ments (see Section 11), and4.1.11 Certification of test (see Section 16).NOTE 2A typical order description may read as follows: 1500 piecesof seamless zirconium-alloy fuel clad tubes OD abraded and ID pickled,Grade R60804, recrystallization anneal
24、ed 0.650 in. nominal OD by 0.580in. nominal ID by 0.032 in. minimum wall by 10 ft long with a maximumOD ovality of 0.004 in. and maximum WTV of 0.005 in. in accordancewith B 811 XX. Maximum surface finish to be 50 in. Ra OD and 50in. Ra ID.4.2 In addition to the information in 4.1, the followingpoin
25、ts of agreement between the manufacturer and purchasershould be specified in the purchase order as required:4.2.1 Method of determining yield strength if other than0.2 % offset method (see Section 7),4.2.2 Initial gage length of mechanical test samples fordetermining elongation after rupture if othe
26、r than 2 in. (50mm),4.2.3 Mechanical property requirements for tube other thanfully recrystallization annealed (see Section 7),4.2.4 Location of the inside diameter plugs in elevatedtemperature short-time tension test, when specified (see Sec-tion 7.1.3),4.2.5 Specimen temperature(s) during mechanic
27、al testing ifother than room temperature and properties and test require-ments (see Section 7), and4.2.6 Grain size requirements and specimen heat treatmentmethod for stress relief annealed tubes (see Section 8.1),4.2.7 Hydride orientation specimen heat treatment, if re-quired, evaluation method, an
28、d magnification of photomicro-graph (see Annex A2),4.2.8 For hydride orientation, angle theta (u) for determin-ing radial platelets (see Section 8.3 and Annex A2).4.2.9 Burst property acceptance requirements, when speci-fied (see Section 8.4),4.2.10 Use of mandrel and post burst test measurementtech
29、nique (see Annex A1).4.2.11 Contractile strain ratio acceptance criteria, whenspecified (see Section 7.3 and Annex A4).5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Tubes covered by this specification shall be made fromingots produced by multiple vacuum arc or electron beammelting in furnaces of a type convention
30、ally used for reactivematerials.5.2 Tubes shall be made by a process approved by thepurchaser.6. Chemical Composition6.1 The tubes shall conform to the requirements for chemi-cal composition prescribed in Table 2.6.2 Chemical Analysis:6.2.1 The ingot analysis made in accordance with Specifi-cation B
31、 350/B 350M shall be considered the chemical analysisfor tubes produced to this specification except for oxygen,hydrogen, and nitrogen content, which shall be determined onthe mill finished tube. Alternatively, an intermediate or finalsize product may be sampled during processing with the samefreque
32、ncy and in the same positions relative to the ingot asspecified in Specification B 350/B 350M to determine thecomposition, except for hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, whichshall be determined on the mill finished tube.6.2.2 Analysis shall be made using the manufacturersstandard methods. In the event
33、of disagreement as to thechemical composition of the metal, the composition, for refereepurposes, shall be determined by a mutually acceptable labo-ratory.6.2.3 Product AnalysisProduct analysis is a check analy-sis made by the purchaser for the purpose of verifying theB 811 02 (2007)2composition of
34、the lot. The permissible variation in the productanalysis from the specification range is as listed in Table 3.7. Mechanical Properties7.1 Tension Properties:7.1.1 Recrystallization annealed tubes shall conform to therequirements for mechanical properties at room temperatureprescribed in Table 4. Fo
35、r tubes in the cold worked and stressrelief annealed condition, tension property requirements are tobe mutually agreed upon between the manufacturer and thepurchaser.7.1.2 When so specified by the purchaser, the tensionproperties shall also be determined at the elevated temperaturesand shall conform
36、 to the limits specified by the purchaser.7.1.3 The tension test shall be conducted in accordance withTest Methods E8or E21. Yield strength shall be determinedby the 0.2 % offset method. The tension properties shall bedetermined using a strain rate of 0.003 to 0.007 in./in.-min(mm/mm-min) through th
37、e yield strength. After the yieldstrength has been exceeded, the cross head speed may beincreased to approximately 0.05 in./in.-min (mm/mm-min) tofailure.7.2 Burst Testing:7.2.1 Burst testing, when specified, shall be performed atroom temperature on finished tubing. Recrystallization an-nealed tubes
38、 shall conform to the requirements for burstproperties at room temperature prescribed in Table 4. If bursttest is specified for cold worked and stress relief annealedtubes, the acceptance criteria shall be agreed upon between themanufacturer and the purchaser.7.2.2 If elevated temperature burst test
39、 is specified, the testmethod and acceptance criteria shall be agreed upon betweenthe manufacturer and purchaser.NOTE 3Burst properties obtained at room temperature were thesubject of a 1971 round robin conducted by ASTM subcommitteeB10.02.4Variability in values was relatively large and should be co
40、nsid-ered in setting specific limits.7.3 Contractile Strain Ratio (CSR):7.3.1 When so specified by the purchaser, the contractilestrain ratio (CSR) shall be determined at room temperature andshall conform to limits that are mutually agreed upon betweenthe manufacturer and purchaser.7.3.2 Contractile
41、 strain ratio testing shall be conducted inaccordance with Annex A4.NOTE 4Contractile strain ratio testing was the subject of a 1993 roundrobin conducted by ASTM Subcommittee B10.02 using specimens withdiameter approximately 0.4 in. (10 mm). The variability was relativelylarge and should be consider
42、ed in setting specific limits. The followingtwo-sigma limits were determined as an estimate of the test precision:60.16 for samples with a CSR of 1.68, and 60.22 for samples with a CSRof 2.53.8. Other Requirements8.1 Grain SizeThe average grain size of recrystallizationannealed tubes in the longitud
43、inal section shall be equal to4STP 551, “Zirconium in Nuclear Applications,” ASTM, 1974, pp. 1428.TABLE 2 Chemical RequirementsElementUNS NumberR60802UNS NumberR60804Composition, Weight %:Tin 1.20 to 1.70 1.20 to 1.70Iron 0.07 to 0.20 0.18 to 0.24Chromium 0.05 to 0.15 0.07 to 0.13Nickel 0.03 to 0.08
44、 . . .Oxygen 0.09 to 0.16 0.09 to 0.16Iron plus chromium plus 0.18 to 0.38 . . .NickelIron plus chromium . . . 0.28 to 0.37Maximum Impurities, Weight %:Aluminum 0.0075 0.0075Boron 0.00005 0.00005Cadmium 0.00005 0.00005Calcium 0.0030 0.0030Carbon 0.027 0.027Cobalt 0.0020 0.0020Copper 0.0050 0.0050Haf
45、nium 0.010 0.010Hydrogen 0.0025 0.0025Magnesium 0.0020 0.0020Manganese 0.0050 0.0050Molybdenum 0.0050 0.0050Nickel . . . 0.0070Niobium 0.0100 0.0100Nitrogen 0.0080 0.0080Silicon 0.0120 0.0120Tungsten 0.0100 0.0100Titanium 0.0050 0.0050Uranium (Total) 0.00035 0.00035TABLE 3 Permissible Variation in P
46、roduct AnalysisPermissible Variation fromthe Specification Range(Table 2), %Alloying Elements:Tin 0.050Iron 0.020Chromium 0.010Nickel 0.010Iron plus chromium 0.020Iron plus chromium plus nickel 0.020Oxygen 0.020Impurity Element:Each 20 ppm or 20 %,whichever is smallerTABLE 4 Mechanical Properties of
47、 Recrystallization AnnealedTubes Tested at Room TemperatureAUNS NumbersR60802 and R60804Tension Test Properties (Longitudinal Direction):Yield Strength (0.2 % Offset), min 35 ksi (240 MPa)Tensile Strength, min 60 ksi (415 MPa)Elongation, min %, 2 in. (50 mm) initial gage length 20Burst Test Properti
48、es:Ultimate Hoop Strength, min 72.6 ksi (500 MPa)Percent Total Circumferential Elongation (% TCE),min20A“RT” represents room temperature; Note 4 in Test Methods E8and E8Mindicates that RT shall be considered to be 50 to 100F (10 to 38C) unlessotherwise specified. Paragraph 9.4.4 in Test Methods E21s
49、tates that for theduration of the test, the difference between the indicated temperature and thenominal test temperature is not to exceed 65F (3C) for tests at 1800F (1000C)and lower, and 610F (6C) for tests at higher temperatures.B 811 02 (2007)3ASTM micrograin Size No. 7 or finer when determined inaccordance with Test Methods E112. When specified per 4.2.6,the average grain size of stress relief annealed tubes shall meetthe requirements as agreed upon between manufacturer andpurchaser.8.2 Corrosion Properties:8.2.1 A corrosion test in st
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