ASTM B831-2005 Standard Test Method for Shear Testing of Thin Aluminum Alloy Products《薄铝合金制品剪切试验的标准试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation: B 831 05Standard Test Method forShear Testing of Thin Aluminum Alloy Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 831; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numb

2、er in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers single shear testing of thinwrought and cast aluminum alloy products to determine shearultimate strengths.1.2 The

3、 values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The SI values given in parentheses are providedfor information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to esta

4、blish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on thedate of material purchase, unless otherwise noted, form a partof this specification to the extent ref

5、erenced herein:2.2 ASTM Standards:2B 565 Test Method for Shear Testing of Aluminum andAluminum-Alloy Rivets and Cold-Heading Wire and RodsB 769 Test Method for Shear Testing of Aluminum AlloysE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test

6、-ing3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe definitions of terms relating to sheartesting in Terminology E6are applicable to the terms used inthis test method.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method consists of subjecting a full thicknessor machined rectangular test specimen to single shear force tof

7、ailure in a test fixture using a tension testing machine. Theshear strength is calculated from the maximum force requiredto fracture the specimen.5. Significance and Use5.1 The intent of this test method is to provide a means ofmeasuring the ultimate shear strength of thin aluminum alloywrought and

8、cast products. Data obtained by this test methodare used to calculate minimum properties that can be utilized inthe design of structural members such as found in aircraft. It isrecognized that the loading conditions developed by this testmethod, and by most others, are not ideal in that they do nots

9、trictly satisfy the definitions of pure shear. However, rarely dopure shear conditions exist in structures.NOTE 1This test method is not interchangeable with that described inMethods B 565 and B 769. Shear strengths obtained by this test methodhave been shown to vary from those developed by the othe

10、r methods.36. Apparatus6.1 Testing MachinesThe testing machines shall conformto the requirements of Practice E4. The maximum force usedto determine the shear strength shall be within the verifiedforce range of the testing machine as defined in Practice E4.6.2 Loading Device:6.2.1 The device for appl

11、ying force to the specimen fromthe testing machine shall be a clevis of the type shown in Fig.1 and shall be made of a hardened steel.7. Test Specimens7.1 The specimen size shall be 112 in. (38.1 mm) wide by412 in. (114 mm) long. The specimen geometry is shown inFig. 2. The specimen thickness shall

12、be the full productthickness for a product thickness of 0.250 in. (6.35 mm) or less.For a product thickness greater then 0.250 in. (6.35 mm), thespecimen shall be machined to a thickness of 0.250 in. (6.35mm) by machining equal amounts from each side of theproduct. . The minimum specimen thickness t

13、hat can bereasonably tested will be dictated by the materials ability toresist buckling around the pin hole area during testing.7.2 The test area to be sheared shall be centered within0.001 in. (0.025 mm) of the load line of the specimen.7.3 Measurement of the thickness and length of the area tobe s

14、heared shall be made as follows:1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B07 on LightMetals and Alloy s and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B07.05 onTesting.Current edition approved April 1, 2005. Published April 2005. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous editi

15、on approved in 1998 as B 831 93 (1998).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Davies, R. E., and Ka

16、ufman, J. G., “Effects of Test Method and SpecimenOrientation on Shear Strengths of Aluminum Alloys,” Proceedings, ASTM, Vol 64,1964.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,

17、United States.7.3.1 Measurement of the specimen thickness shall be madeat a location between the two slots machined into the specimen.Measurement of the length of the shear area shall be betweenthe ends of the slots machined into the specimen, Fig. 2. Fordimensions 0.200 in. (5.1 mm) and over, measu

18、re to the nearest0.001 in. (0.025 mm). For dimensions less than 0.200 in. (5.1mm) and not less than 0.100 in. (2.5 mm), measure to thenearest 0.0005 in. (0.013 mm). For dimensions less than 0.100in. (2.5 mm), measure to the nearest 0.0001 in. (0.0025 mm).NOTE 2Caution: Measurements of dimensions pre

19、sume smooth sur-face finishes for the specimens. Rough surfaces due to the manufacturingprocess such as hot rolling, metallic coating, etc., may lead to inaccuracyof the computed areas greater than the measured dimensions wouldindicate. Therefore, cross sectional dimensions of shear test specimenswi

20、th rough surfaces due to processing may be measured and recorded tothe nearest 0.001 in. (0.025 mm).7.4 All machined surfaces in the test area shall have asurface finish of 32 in. (0.80 m) Raor better.8. Precision Orientation and Direction8.1 The shear strength of wrought aluminum materialsusually d

21、epends on the specimen orientation and the directionin which the load is applied relative to the grain flow in thespecimen.3The specimen orientation and the loading directionshould be identified by the following systems.8.1.1 The reference directions for rectangular shapes areindicated in Fig. 3. Th

22、ese are suitable for sheet, plate, extru-sions, forgings, and other shapes of nonsymmetrical grain flow.8.2 The two-letter code is used in Fig. 3 to describe thespecimen orientations and loading directions. The first letterdesignates the normal to the expected shear plane. The secondletter designate

23、s the direction of force application. The mostcommonly used specimen orientations and loading directionsare T-L and L-T for thin products. This orientation code isidentical to that used for cylindrical shear specimens in TestMethod B 769.NOTE 3These orientation codes have a different interpretation

24、thanthose used for fracture specimens, where the first letter indicated thedirection of force application.NOTE 4Typically, cast aluminum products do not exhibit the direc-tionality of wrought products; therefore, the orientation codes are notapplicable to castings.9. Procedure9.1 Measurement of Spec

25、imensMeasure the applicabledimensions designated in 7.3 and calculate the cross-sectionalarea by multiplying the two dimensions.9.2 TestingMount the specimen in the test fixture asshown in Fig. 1. The specimen should not be restrained byclamping of the load pin area during the test.9.2.1 When assemb

26、ling the loading train (clevises and theirattachments to the testing machine), take care to minimizeeccentricity of loading due to misalignments external to theclevises. To obtain satisfactory alignment, keep the centerlineof the upper and lower loading rods coincident within 0.03 in.(0.76 mm) durin

27、g the test.9.2.2 The cross head speed of the testing machine shall notexceed 0.75 in./min (19.1 mm/min) and the loading rate shallnot exceed 100 ksi/min (689 MPa/min) on the cross-section.The loading rate to failure should be uniform.9.2.3 Determine the maximum load to fracture the speci-men.10. Cal

28、culation10.1 Calculate the shear strength from the maximum forceas follows:S 5PmaxA(1)where:S = shear strength, psi (MPa),Pmax= maximum force, lbf (N), andA = cross-sectional area (thickness times distance be-tween slots), in.2(mm2).11. Report11.1 Report the following information:11.1.1 ASTM method

29、of shear test,NOTE 5Since the test method significantly influences the test results,it is essential that the ASTM method be referenced.11.1.2 Material and sample identification,FIG. 1 Slotted Single Shear Test FixtureB83105211.1.3 Specimen dimensions, in in. (mm),11.1.4 Specimen orientation code,11.

30、1.5 Maximum force, in lbf (N),11.1.6 Shear strength, in psi (MPa), and11.1.7 Test temperature, if other than room temperature, inF (C).FIG. 2 Slotted Single Shear Test SpecimenFIG. 3 Grain Orientations and Specimen Orientation Codes for Slotted Single Shear Specimens from Rectangular ShapesB83105312

31、. Precision and Bias12.1 The precision and bias of this test method needs to beestablished. Subcommittee B7.05 is developing the precisionand bias statements for this test method.13. Keywords13.1 aluminum; mechanical test; shear; strengthSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee B07 has identified the location of

32、 selected changes to this standard since the last issue (B 831 93(1998) that may impact its use.(1) Replaced the term “load” with “force” where possible.(2) Re-worded 7.1 for clarification.(3) Corrected specimen drawing.(4) Changed the specimen orientation code to make consistentwith Test Method B 7

33、69.(5) Corrected Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk

34、of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this

35、 standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake y

36、our views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).B831054