ASTM B831-2011 Standard Test Method for Shear Testing of Thin Aluminum Alloy Products《薄铝合金制品剪切试验的标准试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation: B831 11Standard Test Method forShear Testing of Thin Aluminum Alloy Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B831; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number

2、 in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers single shear testing of thinwrought and cast aluminum alloy products to determine shearultimate strengths. It is int

3、ended for products that are too thinto be tested according to Test Method B769.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The SI values given in parentheses are providedfor information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any,

4、 associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on thedate of materia

5、l purchase, unless otherwise noted, form a partof this specification to the extent referenced herein:2.2 ASTM Standards:2B565 Test Method for Shear Testing of Aluminum andAluminum-Alloy Rivets and Cold-Heading Wire and RodsB769 Test Method for Shear Testing of Aluminum AlloysE4 Practices for Force V

6、erification of Testing MachinesE6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe definitions of terms relating to sheartesting in Terminology E6 are applicable to the terms used inthis test method.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method consists of subjec

7、ting a full thicknessor machined rectangular test specimen to single shear force tofailure in a test fixture using a tension testing machine. Theshear strength is calculated from the maximum force requiredto fracture the specimen.5. Significance and Use5.1 The intent of this test method is to provid

8、e a means ofmeasuring the ultimate shear strength of thin aluminum alloywrought and cast products. It is recognized that the loadingconditions developed by this test method, and by most others,are not ideal in that they do not strictly satisfy the definitionsof pure shear. However, rarely do pure sh

9、ear conditions exist instructures.NOTE 1Results from this test method are not interchangeable withresults from Test Methods B565 and B769. Shear strengths obtained bythis test method have been shown to differ from values determined withother methods.36. Apparatus6.1 Testing MachinesThe testing machi

10、nes shall conformto the requirements of Practice E4. The maximum force used todetermine the shear strength shall be within the verified forcerange of the testing machine as defined in Practice E4.6.2 Loading Device:6.2.1 The device for applying force to the specimen fromthe testing machine shall be

11、a clevis of the type shown in Fig.1 and shall be made of a hardened steel.7. Test Specimens7.1 The specimen size shall be 1.5 in. (38.1 mm) wide by4.5 in. (114 mm) long. The specimen geometry is shown in Fig.2. The specimen thickness shall be the full product thicknessfor a product thickness of 0.25

12、0 in. (6.35 mm) or less. For aproduct thickness greater than 0.250 in. (6.35 mm), thespecimen shall be machined to a thickness of 0.250 in. (6.35mm) by machining equal amounts from each side of theproduct. The minimum specimen thickness that can be reason-ably tested will be dictated by the material

13、s ability to resistbuckling around the pin hole area during testing.7.2 The test area to be sheared shall be centered within0.001 in. (0.025 mm) of the load line of the specimen.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B07 on LightMetals and Alloys s and is the direct responsibi

14、lity of Subcommittee B07.05 onTesting.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2011. Published January 2012. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as B831 05. DOI:10.1520/B0831-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Servi

15、ce at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Davies, R. E., and Kaufman, J. G., “Effects of Test Method and SpecimenOrientation on Shear Strengths of Aluminum Alloys,” Proceedings, ASTM, Vol 64,1964.1*A S

16、ummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7.3 Measure and record the thickness (t) and length (L)ofthe area to be sheared. Measurements shall be made as follows:7.3.1

17、 Measurement of the specimen thickness shall be madeat a location between the two slots machined into the specimen.Measurement of the length of the shear area shall be betweenthe ends of the slots machined into the specimen, Fig. 2. Fordimensions 0.200 in. (5.1 mm) and over, measure to the nearest0.

18、001 in. (0.025 mm). For dimensions less than 0.200 in. (5.1mm) and not less than 0.100 in. (2.5 mm), measure to thenearest 0.0005 in. (0.013 mm). For dimensions less than 0.100in. (2.5 mm), measure to the nearest 0.0001 in. (0.0025 mm).7.4 All machined surfaces in the test area shall have asurface f

19、inish of 32 in. (0.80 m) Raor less.8. Specimen Orientation and Direction8.1 The shear strength of wrought aluminum materialsusually depends on the specimen orientation and the directionin which the load is applied relative to the grain flow in thespecimen.3The specimen orientation and the loading di

20、rectionshould be identified by the following systems.8.1.1 The reference directions for rectangular shapes areindicated in Fig. 3. These are suitable for sheet, plate, extru-sions, forgings, and other shapes having nonsymmetrical grainflow.8.2 The two-letter code is used in Fig. 3 to describe thespe

21、cimen orientations and loading directions. The first letterdesignates the normal to the expected shear plane. The secondletter designates the direction of force application or expectedfracture direction. The most commonly used specimen orien-tations and loading directions are T-L and L-T for in-plan

22、eshear strength of thin products. This orientation code isidentical to that used for cylindrical shear specimens in TestMethod B769.NOTE 2These orientation codes are analagous to those used forfracture specimens if the first letter is interpreted as the normal to thefracture plane and the second let

23、ter is the direction of fracture.NOTE 3Typically, cast aluminum products do not exhibit the direc-tionality of wrought products; therefore, the orientation codes are notapplicable to castings.9. Procedure9.1 Measurement of SpecimensMeasure the applicabledimensions designated in 7.3 and calculate the

24、 cross-sectionalarea by multiplying the two dimensions (A = t L).9.2 TestingMount the specimen in the test fixture asshown in Fig. 1. The specimen should not be restrained byclamping of the load pin area during the test.9.2.1 When assembling the loading train (clevises and theirattachments to the te

25、sting machine), take care to minimizeeccentricity of loading due to misalignments external to theclevises. To obtain satisfactory alignment, keep the centerlineof the upper and lower loading rods coincident within 0.03 in.(0.76 mm) during the test.9.2.2 The cross head speed of the testing machine sh

26、all notexceed 0.75 in./min (19.1 mm/min) and the shear stress rateshall not exceed 100 ksi/min (689 MPa/min) on the cross-section. The machine crosshead speed setting should not beadjusted during the test.9.2.3 Determine the maximum force Pmaxto fracture thespecimen.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the

27、 shear strength from the maximum forceas follows:S 5PmaxA(1)where:S = shear strength, psi (MPa),Pmax= maximum force, lbf (N), andA = cross-sectional area (thickness t times distancebetween slots, L), in.2(mm2).11. Report11.1 Report the following information:11.1.1 ASTM method of shear test,NOTE 4Sin

28、ce the test method significantly influences the test results,it is essential that the ASTM method be referenced.11.1.2 Material and sample identification,FIG. 1 Slotted Single Shear Test FixtureB831 11211.1.3 Specimen dimensions, in in. (mm),11.1.4 Specimen orientation code,11.1.5 Maximum force, in

29、lbf (N),11.1.6 Shear strength, in psi (MPa), andFIG. 2 Slotted Single Shear Test SpecimenFIG. 3 Grain Orientations and Specimen Orientation Codes for Slotted Single Shear Specimens from Rectangular ShapesB831 11311.1.7 Test temperature, if other than room temperature, inF (C).12. Precision and Bias1

30、2.1 The precision and bias of this test method needs to beestablished. Subcommittee B7.05 is developing the precisionand bias statements for this test method.13. Keywords13.1 aluminum; mechanical test; shear; strengthSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee B07 has identified the location of selected changes to

31、this standard since the last issue (B83105)that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Nov. 1, 2011)(1) Corrected several typographical errors. (2) Changed wording to improve clarity.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with

32、 any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible techni

33、cal committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideratio

34、n at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harb

35、or Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).B831 114