ASTM B846-2011 Standard Terminology for Copper and Copper Alloys《铜和铜合金的标准术语》.pdf

1、Designation: B846 11Standard Terminology forCopper and Copper Alloys1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B846; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indic

2、ates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 The terms defined in this terminology standard areapplicable to copper and copper alloy products specifications,test methods, practices, and other documents with

3、in the juris-diction of Committee B05 on Copper and Copper Alloys.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B153 Test Method for Expansion (Pin Test) of Copper andCopper-Alloy Pipe and TubingB170 Specification for Oxygen-Free Electrolytic CopperRefinery ShapesB379 Specification for Phosphorized Cop

4、persRefineryShapesE8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic MaterialsE18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-terialsE23 Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing ofMetallic MaterialsE112 Test Methods for Determining Aver

5、age Grain Size3. Significance and Use3.1 This terminology is not intended to apply to anystandard, test method, practice, or other document not withinthe jurisdiction of Committee B05 on Copper and CopperAlloys.4. Terminologyacid dipsee dip solution.acid dipped-dry rolled finishsee finish, acid dipp

6、ed-dryrolled.Admiraltyan alloy containing nominally 71 % copper: 1 %tin and 28 % zinc, originally developed by the BritishAdmiralty and generally available in tube, flat products, andwire. Its principal use is in heat exchanger and condensertubes.An inhibitor may be added to increase the resistance

7、todezincification.Admiralty, inhibited (arsenical, antimonial orphosphorized)admiralty modified by the addition ofsmall amounts of arsenic, antimony or phosphorus to inhibitdezincification. (Copper Alloy Nos. C44300, C44400,C44500)air stainsee stain, air.alphathe name of a phase or of a certain rang

8、e of copperalloys which contain one or more alloying elements dis-solved in copper, the phase being a homogeneous solidsolution.alpha beta brassa series of copper-zinc alloys containingapproximately 55 to 63 % copper and the remainder mostly,if not all, zinc and composed of crystals or grains of bot

9、h thealpha and the beta phases.aluminum brassa copper alloy containing nominally77.5 % copper, 2 % aluminum and 20.5 % zinc with anarsenical inhibitor, available in tube form. Its principal use isin heat exchanger and condenser tubes. (Copper Alloy No.C68700)aluminum bronzecopper alloys with aluminu

10、m as theprincipal alloying element, normally in the range of 3 to11 % with or without the additions of other elements.(Copper Alloy Nos. C60800 64699 incl.)anneal (annealing)a thermal treatment to change the prop-erties or grain structure of the product. When applied to acold-worked product having a

11、 single phase: to producesoftening by recrystallization or recrystallization and graingrowth, with the accompanying changes in properties. Whenapplied to a product having two or more phases: to producesoftening by changes in the phase relationship that mayinclude recrystallization and grain growth.a

12、nnealability of copper rodthe ease with which a materialwill soften after cold work and subsequent thermal treat-ments; this property is affected primarily by the purity of themetal since all other variables are kept constant.annular ringsee circular ring.1This terminology is under the jurisdiction

13、of ASTM Committee B05 on Copperand Copper Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.93 onTerminology.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2011. Published February 2011. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as B846 09a. DOI:10.1520/B0846-11.2For referenced

14、ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright

15、ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.arbora cylindrical core around which metal is wound toobtain a desired inside diameter of the wound coil or roll.arc weldinga group of welding processes wherein coales-cence is produced by heating

16、 with an arc or arcs, with orwithout the application of pressure, and with or without theuse of filler metal.architectural bronzean alloy containing nominally 57 %copper, 3 % lead, and 40 % zinc, generally available inextruded or drawn shapes and rod; used for architectural trimand for some mechanic

17、al applications. The alloy is nottechnically a bronze, but because of long usage, the term“Architectural Bronze” has been used. (Copper Alloy No.C38500)area reductionthe decrease in cross-section of a product byrolling or drawing, which is a measure of the temper of themetal in the cold worked condi

18、tion.argentiferous coppersee silver bearing copper.arsenical tough pitch coppera modified tough pitch coppercontaining substantial amounts of arsenic regardless oforigin or treatment.as-welded conditiona condition created as a result offorming annealed sheet or plate into tubular form andwelding wit

19、hout subsequent heat treatment or cold work.average diameterthe average of the maximum and mini-mum measured diameters at any one cross-section. Thisdefinition is the same for Average Outside Diameter orAverage Inside Diameter, as long as the calculation is madewith I.D. only or O.D. only measuremen

20、ts but not mixed (seeFig. 1).average diameter (for round tubes only)the average of themaximum and minimum outside diameters or the maximumand minimum inside diameters, whichever is applicable, asdetermined at any one cross section of the tube.bara solid rectangular section, or one with two plane par

21、allelsurfaces and round or other simple regularly shaped edges,up to and including 12 in. (300 mm) in width and over 0.188in. (5 mm) in thickness, furnished in straight lengths or inrolls and with finished edges, either rolled, drawn, orextruded.bar, bus stockhigh-conductivity copper bar stock of an

22、ydimension intended for use as an electrical conductor.bar, casta flat casting for rolling into sheet and strip, orround casting for rolling and drawing into wire.bar, cold-rolledsee cold-rolled bar.bar, commutator segment stocka bar for use in makingcommutators of electric motors and generators, th

23、e cross-section of the bar being a trapezoid or truncated sector orsegment of a circle.bar, drawnsee drawn bar.bar, extrudedsee extruded bar.bar, hot-rolledsee hot-rolled bar.barrel rollinga method of polishing small parts in which theparts and a polishing medium are placed in a barrel, thepolishing

24、 action resulting from the revolving of the barrel.base metalthe sheet or plate from which the pipe is formed.bend testsee test, bend.beryllium coppersee copper-beryllium alloy.billetrefinery shape used for piercing or extrusion intotubular products or for extrusion into rods, bars, and shapes.Circu

25、lar in cross section, usually 3 to 16 in. (76 to 406 mm)in diameter, normally ranging in weight from 100 to 4200 lb(45 to 1905 kg).bimetal tubesee tube, bimetal.blanka piece of flat product intended for subsequent fabri-cation by forming, bending, cupping, drawing, hot pressing,and so forth.blanking

26、the process of cutting metal blanks by a die andpunch set in a press, or by sawing or shearing.Bourdon gauge tubesee tube, Bourdon gauge.brassany copper alloy with zinc as the principal alloyingelement, with or without small quantities of some otherelements.brazed tubesee tube, brazed.brazing filler

27、 materialwire, rod, strip, or powder that ismanufactured to special chemical composition for use injoining metals by brazing.bridge platea low-friction plate of a copper alloy used toprovide a bearing surface for the expansion end of trussedbridge structures.bright annealed finishsee finish, bright

28、annealed.bright dipsee dip, bright.bright dipped finishsee finish, bright dipped.bright rolled finishsee finish, dry rolled.Brinell hardness testsee test, Brinell hardness.brush brass finishsee finish, brush brass.bucklealternate bulges and hollows recurring along thelength of a flat product with th

29、e edges remaining relativelyflat.buckle (centre bulge or oil can)alternate bulges and hol-lows recurring along the length of a strip with the edgesremaining relatively flat.buffed surface finishsee finish, buffed surface.bulgingthe expanding of a portion of the body of a drawnshell below the top or

30、neck.bull ring rodcopper rod manufactured to special surfacerequirements and furnished in coils for redrawing or re-rolling.bull rodsee redraw rod.FIG. 1 Average DiameterB846 112bursting pressurethe internal pressure required to bursttubes or other hollow products.bus barincludes material of solid r

31、ectangular or square crosssection or a solid section with two plane parallel surfaces andround or other simple regular-shaped edges.bus conductor stocka bar, rod, shape or tube of highconductivity copper used for the manufacture of bus con-ductor or bus bar.bus stock barsee bar, bus stock.butt seam

32、tubesee tube, open seam.cakerefinery shape used for rolling into plate, sheet, strip, orshape. Rectangular in cross section and of various sizes,normally ranging in weight from 140 to 62 000 lb (63 to28 123 kg).cambersee edgewise curvature.capable ofthe test need not be performed by the producer oft

33、he material. However, if subsequent testing by the purchaserestablishes that the material does not meet the specifiedrequirements, the material shall be subject to rejection.capacitor plate stockstrip manufactured to special flatnessand thickness tolerances for use in electrical variable capaci-tors

34、.cartridge brassa copper alloy containing nominally 70 %copper and 30 % zinc and generally available in flat prod-ucts, rod, wire, and tube. (Copper Alloy No. C26000)cast barsee bar, cast.cast shell processa process for making seamless tubewhereby the metal is cast in the form of a shell or tube and

35、subsequently reduced to the finished size by a series ofsuitable alternate cold drawing and annealing operations.castinga general term for a metal object produced at ornear-finished shape by pouring or otherwise introducingmolten metal into a mold and allowing it to solidify.casting, centrifugala ca

36、sting produced in a cylindrical moldrotating on its axis with the major axis of the productcoinciding with the axis of rotation. The axis of rotation maybe horizontal, vertical, or any angle in between.casting, centrifugeda casting produced in a mold, a numberof which may be mounted around a central

37、 sprue. The moldsare rotated, in a vertical position, about a central axisconcentric with the central sprue.casting, continuousa casting produced by the continuouspouring and solidification of molten metal through a water-cooled mold which determines the cross-sectional shape.The length of the produ

38、ct is not restricted by mold dimen-sions.casting, permanent molda product produced in a reusablemold constructed of a durable material, usually iron or steel,with the molten metal being introduced by gravity, low-pressure, or vacuum.casting, sanda casting produced in a sand mold.casting, semicentrif

39、ugala casting produced in a mannersimilar to the centrifugal casting except that a central core isused to allow the formation of other than a cylindrical insidesurface. The axis of rotation is always vertical.cathodeunmelted, electrodeposited, and somewhat roughflat plate normally used for melting.

40、The customary size isabout 3 ft (0.914 m) square, about12 to78 in. (12.7 to 22.2mm) thick, weighing up to about 300 lb (136 kg) and mayhave hanging loops attached. Cathodes may also be cut tosmaller dimensions.cavitation corrosionsee corrosion, cavitation.chemically refined coppercopper recovered fr

41、om an aque-ous solution by other than electrolytic means. Usually whenthis term is used alone it refers to chemically refined toughpitch copper. This designation applies to the following: (a)copper cast in refinery shapes suitable for hot or coldworking, or both, and by extension, to fabricators pro

42、ductsmade therefrom, (b) ingots or ingot bars suitable for remelt-ing.circlea completely round, commercially flat, solid blankmade from a rolled product.circular ringa completely round, commercial flat blanklacking the central concentric area.cladding ratioratio by percent thickness of the component

43、layers, for example.clean annealed finishsee finish, clean annealed.clock brassa term sometimes used to designate high-leadedbrass. (Copper Alloy No. C34200)close nipplea nipple with no shoulder or unthreaded portionbetween two threads; the shortest possible pipe nipple withcomplete threads.coalesce

44、d coppera commercially pure oxygen-free copperformed in a protective atmosphere at elevated temperaturebut below its melting point by application of mechanicalpressure to particles of electrolytic cathode copper. (CopperNo. C10200)coila length of the product wound into a series of connectedturns. Th

45、e unqualified term “coil” as applied to tube usuallyrefers to a bunched coil.coil, buncheda coil in which the turns are bunched and heldtogether such that the cross section of the bunched turns isapproximately circular.coil, double layer flata coil in which the product is spirallywound into two conn

46、ected disc-like layers such that onelayer is on top of the other. (Sometimes called “double layerpancake coil” or “double layer spirally wound coil.”)coil, helicalSee coil, level or traverse wound.coil, level or traverse wounda coil in which the turns arewound into layers parallel to the axis of the

47、 coil such thatsuccessive turns in a given layer are next to one another.(Sometimes called a “helical coil.”)coil, level or traverse wound on a reel or spoola coil inwhich the turns are positioned into layers on a reel or spoolparallel to the axis of the reel or spool such that successiveturns in a

48、given layer are next to one another.coil, single layer flata coil in which the product is spirallywound into a single disc-like layer. (Sometimes called“pancake coil” or “single layer spirally wound coil.”)coil, stagger wounda coil in which the turns are positionedinto layers approximately parallel

49、to the axis of the coil, butnot necessarily with the fixed regularity of a level or traversewound coil.cold headingsee heading.cold-rolled barbar stock brought to final dimensions by coldrolling, regardless of prior operations.B846 113cold-rolled finishsee finish, cold-rolled.cold-rolled rodrod stock brought to final dimensions bycold rolling, regardless of prior operations.cold-rolled shapeshape stock brought to final dimensions bycold rolling, regardless of prior operations.cold