1、Designation: B855 11Standard Test Method forVolumetric Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the ArnoldMeter and Hall Flowmeter Funnel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B855; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revis
2、ion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for thequantitative determination of the flow rate of
3、 a specific volumeof a free-flowing metal powder or lubricated powder mixture.1.2 With the exceception of the values for mass, volume anddensity, for which the use of the gram and the cubic centimeterunit is long-standing industry practice, the values stated ininch-pound units are to be regarded as
4、standard. The valuesgiven in parenthesis are mathematical conversions to SI unitsthat are provided for information only and are not consideredstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this
5、 standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B213 Test Method for Flow Rate of Metal PowdersB215 Practices for Sampling Metal PowdersB243 Terminology of Powder Metall
6、urgyB703 Test Method for Apparent Density of Metal Powdersand Related Compounds Using the Arnold MeterE456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics2.2 MPIF Standard3MPIF Standard 48 Determination of Apparent Density ofMetal Powders using the Arnold Meter3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsUseful defi
7、nitions of terms for metal pow-ders and powder metallurgy used in this standard are found inTerminology B243. Additional descriptive PM information isavailable in the Related Material section of Vol 02.05 of theAnnual Book of ASTM Standards.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 vo
8、lumetric flow ratethe relation between time andvolume of a free-flowing metal powder determined by mea-suring the time for a specific volume to flow through the orificein a Hall Flowmeter Funnel and expressing the ratio in secondsper 20 cubic centimetres. (s/20 cm3).4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A 20
9、 cm3test portion of powder is prepared from the lotto be tested following the procedures in Test Methods B215and B703.4.2 This 20 cm3test portion is timed as it flows through theorifice in a Hall Flowmeter Funnel following the procedure inTest Method B213.4.3 The volumetric flow rate is calculated a
10、nd reported inseconds per 20 cubic centimetres. (s/20 cm3)5. Significance and Use5.1 The volumetric flow rate is a measure of the flowcharacteristics of a metal powder. Measuring flow by volumeas compared with flow per unit mass eliminates the variable ofthe powder density and relates to the product
11、ion practice of diefilling by volume.5.2 The ability of a powder to flow and pack is a function ofinterparticle friction. As the surface area increases, the amountof friction in a powder mass also increases. Consequently, thefriction between particles increases, giving less efficient flowand packing
12、.5.3 Knowledge of the volumetric flow rate permits the partproducer to estimate the number of parts that can be compactedper hour.5.4 This test may be part of the purchase agreement betweenmetal powder manufacturers and powder metallurgy (PM) partproducers, or it can be an internal quality control t
13、est for anycompany using metal powders.6. Apparatus6.1 WorkbenchA level, vibration-free table or laboratoryworkbench to support the Arnold Meter and the Hall Flowme-ter apparatus.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on MetalPowders and Metal Powder Products and is the di
14、rect responsibility of Subcom-mittee B09.02 on Base Metal Powders.Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2011. Published November 2011. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as B855 06. DOI:10.1520/B0855-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org,
15、 orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from ASTM or Metal Powder Industries Federation, 105 CollegeRoad East, Princeton, NJ 08540 and initially reported in MP
16、IF Standard 481*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.2 Arnold Meter4The steel die block and powder deliv-ery cylinder described in Test Method B703 that is
17、used toobtain the 20 cm3test portion of powder.6.3 Collection PaperA 6.0 by 6.0 in. square sheet ofglazed or waxed paper (150 by 150 mm) used to collect the 20cm3test portion of powder from the die block of the ArnoldMeter.6.4 Powder ScoopA small nonmagnetic spoonlike labo-ratory utensil with handle
18、, having a minimum capacity of 25cm3, used for the controlled transfer of the 20 cm3test portionof powder from the collection paper into the Hall FlowmeterFunnel.6.5 Hall Flowmeter Funnel5An aluminum funnel havinga nominal orifice of 0.10 inches (2.54 mm) with support standas is shown in Test Method
19、 B213. The funnel is stamped witha correction factor determined by the manufacturer using aCertified Flow Standard.6.6 Timing DeviceA stopwatch or other instrumentationcapable of measuring the flow time of the powder to the nearest0.1 second.7. Sampling7.1 Obtain a sample of approximately 150 cm3fro
20、m the lotthat is to be tested following the procedure in Practices B215.7.2 Using a micro-sample rotary riffler or a micro-splitter,divide the quantity into three test samples of approximately 50cm3each.8. Procedure8.1 Using the Arnold Meter and one of the 50 cm3testsamples, follow the procedure des
21、cribed in Test Method B703to prepare an exact 20 cm3test portion of powder.8.2 Using the scoop to carefully pour the sample into thecenter of the funnel, determine the time required for thepowder to flow through the funnel following either of theprocedures described in Test Method B213.8.3 Repeat 8.
22、1 and 8.2 two more times, using a new 50 cm3sample each time and record each of the three flow timedeterminations to the nearest 0.1 second.9. Calculation9.1 Average the three flow times, multiply by the CorrectionFactor6for the funnel being used, and calculate theArnold/HallVolumetric Flow Rate in
23、s/20 cm3units as follows:Arnold/Hall Flow Rate, s/20 cm3=Avg. flow time 3 Funnel Correction Factor20 cm3(1)10. Report10.1 Report the Arnold/Hall Volumetric Flow Rate as theaverage of three determinations in s/20 cm3units rounded tothe nearest second.10.2 Report the B213 Flow Method, Static or Dynami
24、c, thatwas used.11. Precision and Bias11.1 Interlaboratory Test ProgramAn interlaboratorystudy of the Arnold/Hall Volumetric Flow Rate test methodwas conducted by ASTM Subcommittee B09.02 in 1991 inconjunction with the Metal Powder Producers Association ofthe Metal Powder Industries Federation. Each
25、 of eight labora-tories tested three randomly drawn test samples of both an ironpowder and a lubricated bronze powder mixture. The design ofthe experiment followed the protocol of Practice B855, and ananalysis of the within-between laboratory test data is containedin MPIF research report MPIF Standa
26、rd 48.11.2 Test ResultsThe precision information presentedherein has been calculated for the comparison of two testresults, each of which is the average of three individual testdeterminations.11.3 95% Repeatability Limit (within a laboratory) Thewithin a laboratory limit, r, as defined by Terminolog
27、y E456,has been determined to be 1 second for the iron powder and 2seconds for the lubricated bronze powder mixture. At the 95%confidence level, duplicate Arnold/Hall Volumetric Flow testresults from the same laboratory should not be considered to bedifferent unless they differ by more than r.11.4 9
28、5% Reproducibility Limit (between laboratories)The between laboratories limit, R, as defined by Terminol-ogy E456, has been determined to be 2 seconds for the ironpowder and 3 seconds for the lubricated bronze powdermixture. At the 95% confidence level, two Arnold/Hall Volu-metric Flow Rate test res
29、ults from two different laboratoriesshould not be considered to be different unless they differ bymore than R.11.5 BiasNo information can be presented on the bias ofthe procedure in Test Method B855 for measuring the Arnold/Hall Volumetric Flow Rate because no material having anaccepted reference va
30、lue is available11.6 Measurement UncertaintyThe precision of this testmethod shall be considered by those performing the test whenreporting Arnold/Hall Volumetric Flow Rate test results.12. Keywords12.1 Arnold/Hall flow; interparticle friction; metal powders;volumetric flow rate4The sole source of s
31、upply of the Arnold Density Meter complete with bushingknown to the committee at this time is Arnold P/M Consulting Services, 648 CedarRoad, St. Marys, PA 15857. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please providethis information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receiveca
32、reful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1whichyou may attend.5The sole source of supply of the complete Hall Flowmeter known to thecommittee at this time isACuPowder International LLC, 901 LehighAvenue, UnionNJ 07083-7632. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, pl
33、ease provide thisinformation to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receivecareful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1whichyou may attend.6The correction factor is a value supplied by the manufacturer of the funnelusing a Certified Flow Standard Period
34、ically, the funnel must be calibrated with thestandard powder to compensate for orifice wear. For the calibration procedure. referto Test Method B213.B855 112SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee B09 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (B855 06)that may impact
35、 the use of this standard.(1) Sec 1.2 This test method has been changed to aninch-pound standard.(2) Sec 2.1 Reference to E456 and E691 has been added,(3) Sec 6.3 The picture of the Arnold Meter and a dimen-sioned drawing have been removed and reference made toB703 instead(4) Sec 6.5 The dimensioned
36、 drawing of the Hall FlowmeterFunnel has been removed and reference made to B213 instead.(5) Sec 11 A completely new Precision and Bias section hasbeen written and inserted to replace the previous section usingthe same “r” and “R” values.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity o
37、f any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to
38、 revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters.
39、Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is c
40、opyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).B855 113
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