ASTM B884-2005 Standard Specification for Niobium-Titanium Alloy Billets Bar and Rod for Superconducting Applications《用于超导的铌钛合金坯料、棒材和条材的标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation: B 884 05Standard Specification forNiobium-Titanium Alloy Billets, Bar, and Rod forSuperconducting Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 884; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,

2、the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers niobium-titanium alloy billets,bars, and rods, at 46 to 48 % titanium. This mat

3、erial is used inthe manufacture of wire for superconducting applications.1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are tobe regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem are not exact equivalents; therefore each system mustbe used independent of the other; SI values c

4、annot be mixedwith inch-pound values. SI units are stated in parentheses.1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest methods portion, Section 14, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the

5、responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specif

6、icationsE92 Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Mate-rialsE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE 165 Test Method for Liquid Penetrant ExaminationE 214 Practice for Immersed Ultrasonic Examination by theReflection Method Using Pulsed Longitudinal WavesE 384 Test Method for Mic

7、rohardness of Materials2.2 ANSI Standard:ANSI B46-1 Surface Texture32.3 ASNT Standard:ASNT SNT-TC-1A Personnel Qualification and Certifica-tion in Nondestructive Testing43. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 rod, nmaterial greater than 0.5 in. (13 mm) and lessthan 2.

8、5 in (60 mm) in. diameter.3.1.2 bar, nmaterial greater than or equal to 2.5 in (60mm) and less than 6 in. (150 mm) in diameter.3.1.3 billet, nmaterial greater than or equal to 6 in. (150mm) in diameter.3.1.4 lot, na lot shall consist of all material produced fromthe same ingot at one time, with the

9、same cross section andwith the same nominal metallurgical parameters.4. Ordering Information4.1 Purchase orders for material under this specificationshould include:4.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue,4.1.2 Quantity in weight, number of pieces, and dimensions,4.1.3 Grain size limit for diameters

10、 greater than 7.75 in. (see7.2 and Table 1),4.1.4 Surface texture, if required (see 10.3),4.1.5 Annealing condition, if different from 7.1,4.1.6 Permissible variations in diameter and length (see 9.1and 9.2),4.1.7 Sampling and analytical methods, if required (see11.3),4.1.8 Inspection requirements (

11、see Section 15),4.1.9 Certification and report needs (see Section 17), and4.1.10 Additions to the specification and supplementaryrequirements, as required.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Materials covered by this specification shall be madefrom ingots which are produced by vacuum or plasma-arcmeltin

12、g, electron beam furnace melting, or a combination ofthese methods. All melting is to be carried out in furnacesusually used for reactive metals.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 onReactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommi

13、ttee B10.03 on Niobium and Tantalum.Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published June 2005. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as B 884 - 01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. Fo

14、r Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.4Available from TheAmerican Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O.Box

15、 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2 The products covered by this specification are formedwith conventional forging, swaging, rolling, extruding, anddrawing equipment

16、 normally available in metal workingplants.6. Chemical Composition6.1 The Nb-Ti alloy ingots, billets, and rods covered by thisspecification shall conform to the chemical composition limitsshown in Table 2.6.2 The manufacturers ingot analysis shall be consideredthe chemical analysis for the products

17、 supplied to this specifi-cation, except for the interstitials carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, andhydrogen. When specified in the purchase order, the analysisfor these interstitials shall be measured on product.7. Physical Properties7.1 Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, thematerial will be

18、 supplied in the annealed state.7.2 The grain size of finished billets or rods shall meet thelimits in Table 1 (see 14.3).7.3 The product shall be free of cracks, laminations, inclu-sions, voids, and other ruptures with size larger than 3 % of theproduct diameter or 0.096 in. (2.5 mm) equivalent dia

19、meter,whichever is smaller. This characteristic shall be measured byultrasonic testing (see 14.5).8. Mechanical Properties8.1 Hardness testing will be performed on each lot offinished product and the average of three readings shall be lessthan 170 DPH (see 14.2).9. Permissible Variations in Dimensio

20、ns9.1 Permissible variations in diameters for finished productshall be as specified in Table 3, unless otherwise agreed tobetween manufacturer and purchaser.9.2 Permissible variations in length for finished productshall be as specified in the purchase order.10. Workmanship, Finish and Appearance10.1

21、 Surface ConditionThe finished material shall be freeof visually detectable cracks, seams, slivers, blisters, laps,gouges, and other injurious imperfections.10.2 Liquid Penetrant ExaminationThe surfaces of billetand bar shall be examined using liquid penetrant inspectionmethods (see 14.4). The follo

22、wing indications are unaccept-able:10.2.1 Cracks,10.2.2 Linear indications,10.2.3 Rounded indications with dimensions exceeding 0.03in. (0.8 mm), and10.2.4 For sidewall surfaces only, rounded indications thatare separated by less than 0.03 in. (0.8 mm) edge to edge.10.3 Surface FinishSurface finish

23、shall be as specified inthe purchase order (see 14.6).10.4 Surface PreparationThe finished surface shall bepickled and rinsed in water. Removal of liquid penetrant testmaterials after pickling shall be by rinsing or additionalpickling.10.5 CleanlinessMaterials shall be clean to the extent thatno con

24、tamination is visible to the unaided eye, corrected for20/20 vision, when viewed under an illumination of at least100 foot candles (1100 lux) on the surface being tested.11. Sampling11.1 IngotsSamples for ingot chemical analyses shall betaken on the ingot sidewall at least at three positions along t

25、heingot including the middle and to within 5 in. (125 mm) of eachend.11.2 ProductSamples for chemical and mechanical test-ing shall be taken from the finished material after all metallur-gical processing to determine conformity to this specification.The samples may be taken prior to final inspection

26、 and minorsurface conditioning by abrasion and pickling, and shall berepresentative of the finished product.11.3 Care shall be exercised to ensure that the sampleselected for testing is representative of the material and that itis not contaminated by the sampling procedure. If there is anyquestions

27、relating to the sampling technique or the analysisthereof, the methods of sampling and analysis shall be asagreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer.12. Number of Tests and Retests12.1 Initial TestsEach product sample shall be tested oncefor each product test requirement.12.2 Invalid Te

28、stsIf any sample or test is found to becontaminated or improperly done, the result may be invalidatedand a new test done to replace the original.TABLE 1 Grain Size RequirementsRod, Bar, and BilletDiameter in. (mm)Grain Size Number(weighted average)0.5 to 2 incl (13 to 50 incl) 4.5 or finer2 excl to

29、4.5 incl (50 excl to 115 incl) 2.5 or finer4 excl to 6 incl (115 excl to 150 incl) 1.5 or finer6 excl to 7.75 incl (150 excl to 200 incl) 1.0 or finerGreater than 7.75 (200) To be set in purchase orderTABLE 2 Chemical RequirementsElementIngotMaximumLimit (ppm)Aluminum 100Carbon 200Chromium 100Copper

30、 100Hydrogen 45Iron 200Nickel 100Nitrogen 150Oxygen 1000Silicon 100Tantalum 2500Titanium 46 to 48 %TABLE 3 Permissible Variations in DiametersDiameter in. (mm)Tolerance, plus orminus, in. (mm)0.51 to 1.0 (13.1 to 25) 0.010 (0.25)1.1 to 4.0 (25.1 to 100) 0.015 (0.4)Over 4.0 (100) 0.020 (0.5)B88405212

31、.3 RetestsIf a test result does not meet the specificationor is questionable, retests may be performed on twice thenumber of samples originally tested. Both retest values mustconform to the specification. All three values will be reportedon the certification. The retest values shall be marked with a

32、n“R”. Alternatively, each piece in the lot may be tested anddeviant pieces rejected or reworked.12.4 ReworkProduct not meeting this specification maybe reworked to meet this specification.13. Significance of Numerical Limits13.1 For the purpose of determining compliance with thespecified limits for

33、requirements of the properties listed in thisspecification, an observed value or a claculated value shall berounded as indicated in accordance with the rounding methodof Practice E29.14. Test Methods14.1 Analytical methods for chemical composition shall bein accordance with industry or manufacturers

34、 standards.14.2 Hardness testing of product shall be according to TestMethods E92or E 384.14.3 Measure grain size according to Test Methods E112.14.4 Perform liquid penetrant examination in accordancewith Test Method E 165.14.5 Perform ultrasonic testing in accordance with AnnexA1 for material great

35、er than 2.0 in. (50 mm) in diameter andPractice E 214 for material equal to or less than 2.0 in. (50 mm)in diameter.14.6 Measure the surface finish when required by purchaseorder, in accordance with ANSI B46-1.15. Inspection15.1 In addition to the above specified inspections, themanufacturer shall i

36、nspect final product for dimensions andidentification. Other inspections shall be as agreed uponbetween purchaser and the manufacturer and included in thepurchase order.15.2 If so specified on the purchase order, the purchaser orhis representative may witness the testing and inspection of themateria

37、l at the place of manufacture. In such cases, thepurchases shall state in the purchase order which tests are to bewitness. The manufacturer shall give ample notice to thepurchaser as to the time and place of the designated test. If thepurchasers representative is not present at the agreed upontime f

38、or the testing, and if no new date is agreed upon, themanufacturer shall consider the requirement for purchasersinspection at the place of manufacture to be waived. When theinspector representing the purchaser does appear at the ap-pointed place and time, the manufacturer shall afford allreasonable

39、facilities to see that the material is being furnishedin accordance with this specification. This inspection shall beconducted so as not to interfere unnecessarily with productionoperations.16. Rejection and Rehearing16.1 Material that does not conform to this specification orthe purchase order may

40、be rejected. The manufacturer mayelect to repair the material or request a waiver from thecustomer.16.2 In the event of a disagreement between the manufac-turer and the purchaser concerning material compliance withthe purchase order, a mutually acceptable referee may performthe tests in question. Th

41、e referees results shall be used indetermining compliance.17. Certification17.1 When specified in the purchase order, the manufacturerwill furnish a certificate of compliance. This certificate willcertify that tests required by this specification or specified inthe purchase order have been completed

42、 as specified and theresults are in compliance with the specification and purchaseorder.18. Product Marking18.1 Each billet, rod, bundle, or box shall be marked ortagged legibly and conspicuously with the number of thisspecification, type, temper, lot number, manufacturers identi-fication, nominal s

43、ize, and the gross, net, and tar weights. Ifmarking fluids are used, they shall be of such a nature as to beeasily removed with cleaning solutions. The markings or theirremoval shall have no deleterious effect upon the material or itsperformance. The characters shall be sufficiently stable towithsta

44、nd ordinary handling.19. Packaging and Package Marking19.1 All material shall be packed in such a manner as toensure safe delivery to its destination.19.2 The box identification shall include the following:19.2.1 ASTM designation and alloy (NbTi),19.2.2 Purchase order number,19.2.3 Lot number,19.2.4

45、 Number of pieces,19.2.5 Manufacturers name,19.2.6 Gross, tare, and net weights, and19.2.7 Size.20. Keywords20.1 niobium; niobium alloy; niobium-titanium alloy; su-perconductor; titanium; titanium alloyB884053ANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION OF NB-TI SUPERCONDUCTOR QUALITY MATE

46、RIAL ROD, BAR, AND BILLETA1.1 ScopeA1.1.1 Application:A1.1.1.1 This annex establishes the minimum requirementsfor the ultrasonic inspection of cylindrical Nb-Ti alloy rod, bar,and billet intended for superconductor applications.A1.1.1.2 Intermediate sizes of material are inspected usingthe longitudi

47、nal wave mode only. Smaller diameters (generallythose under 1.5 in. (38 mm) are inspected using both shear andlongitudinal wave modes.A1.1.2 Methodology:A1.1.2.1 Ultrasonic waves are transmitted into the materialunder test. Waveforms reflected from surface and internaldiscontinuities are displayed o

48、n a CRT in the form of anA-Scan. The amplitude of the reflection from the area of thewaveform of interest is recorded on a strip chart or equivalentdevice.A1.1.2.2 Indications detected are evaluated on the CRTscreen and/or recording. After comparison with the amplitudesof calibration reflectors, acc

49、eptability of the material is deter-mined according to the appropriate accept/reject criteria. Re-jectable areas are noted on each piece, and the inspectionresults for each piece tabulated on the inspection report.A1.2 RequirementsA1.2.1 Equipment:A1.2.1.1 Electronic ApparatusThe ultrasonic instrumentshall be capable of generating, receiving, and amplifyinghigh-frequency electrical pulses at frequencies and energylevels required to resolve the applicable calibration reflectorsand perform a meaningful inspection.A1.2.1.2 Immersion Search UnitsFocused, immersion