ASTM B91-2007 Standard Specification for Magnesium-Alloy Forgings《镁合金锻件的标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation: B 91 07Standard Specification forMagnesium-Alloy Forgings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 91; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses ind

2、icates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers magnesium alloy forgingsdesignated as shown in Table

3、 1.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are the standard.The SI values in parentheses are provided for information only.2. Referenced Documents2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on dateof material purchase form a part of this specification to theextent referenced herein:2.2 ASTM

4、 Standards:2B 557 Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and CastAluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy ProductsB 660 Practices for Packaging/Packing of Aluminum andMagnesium ProductsB 951 Practice for Codification of Unalloyed Magnesiumand Magnesium-Alloys, Cast and WroughtE29 Practice for Using Significa

5、nt Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE35 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Magnesiumand Magnesium AlloysE55 Practice for Sampling Wrought Nonferrous Metals andAlloys for Determination of Chemical Composition2.3 Federal Standards:No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Ag

6、encies)3No. 184 Identification Marking of Aluminum, Magnesium,and Titanium.2.4 Military Standards:MIL-M-3171 Magnesium Alloy, Processes for Pretreatmentand Prevention of Corrosion onMIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 forginga metal part worked to a prede

7、terminedshape by one or more such processes as hammering, upsetting,pressing, or rolling.3.1.2 die forginga forging formed to the required shapeand size by working in impression dies.3.1.3 hammer forginga forging produced by repeatedblows in a forging hammer.3.1.4 hand forginga forging worked betwee

8、n flat or sim-ply shaped dies by repeated strokes or blows and manipulationof the piece.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for forgings under this specification shall includethe following information:4.1.1 Quantity of each forging,4.1.2 Alloy (Section 6 and Table 1),4.1.3 Temper (Section 7 and Table

9、2),4.1.4 Drawing showing dimensions of all die forgings andfor all hand forgings not simple disks, rounds, squares, orrectangles (the amount of stock left for machine finish shouldbe indicated),4.1.5 Surface treatment (see 9.1),4.1.6 Whether inspection is required at the manufacturersworks (see 10.1

10、),4.1.7 Special inspection requirements (see 10.2),4.1.8 Whether certification is required (see 12.1), and4.1.9 Whether marking for identification is required (see13.1).5. Quality Assurance5.1 The manufacturer shall be responsible for the perfor-mance of all inspection and tests required by this spe

11、cification,prior to shipment of the material.6. Chemical Composition6.1 LimitsThe material shall conform to the chemicalcomposition limits prescribed in Table 1. The manufacturershall determine conformance by analyzing samples taken when1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee

12、 B07 on LightMetals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B07.04 onMagnesium Alloy Cast and Wrought Products.Current edition approved June 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originallyapproved in 1932. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as B 91 97 (2004).2For referenced ASTM sta

13、ndards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700

14、Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/www.dodssp.daps.mil.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.the ingots are poured, or by analyzing samples taken from thefinished or semi-finished product. If the manufacturer

15、hasdetermined the chemical composition during the course ofmanufacture, he shall not be required to sample and analyze thefinished product.6.2 Number of SamplesThe number of samples taken fordetermination of chemical composition shall be as follows:6.2.1 When samples are taken at the time the ingots

16、 arepoured, at least one sample shall be taken for each group ofingots poured simultaneously from the same source of moltenmetal.6.2.2 When samples are taken from the finished or semi-finished product, a sample shall be taken to represent each2000 lb (905 kg), or fraction thereof, in the shipment, e

17、xceptthat not more than one sample shall be required per piece.6.3 Methods of SamplingSamples for determination ofchemical composition shall be taken in accordance with one ofthe following methods:6.3.1 Samples for chemical analysis shall be taken from thematerial by drilling, sawing, milling, turni

18、ng, or clipping arepresentative piece or pieces to obtain a weight of preparedsample not less than 75 g. Sampling shall be in accordancewith Practice E55.6.3.2 Samples for spectrochemical or other methods ofanalysis shall be taken by methods suitable for the form ofmaterial being analyzed and the ty

19、pe of analytical methodused.6.4 Methods of Chemical AnalysisAny suitable method ofchemical analysis may be used. In case of dispute, the analysisshall be made by methods given in Test Methods E35or anyother standard methods of analysis approved by ASTM unlesssome other method is agreed upon.7. Tensi

20、le Properties7.1 LimitsThe forgings shall conform to the tensile prop-erties prescribed in Table 2.7.2 Number of SpecimensOne tension test specimen shallbe taken to represent each 1000 lb (455 kg) or fraction thereofof each part number in the shipment or inspection lot.7.2.1 When specified, a grain

21、flow pattern and tensile-property survey shall be made on a forging representative ofthe first production parts (see 7.3.1). It shall be repeated afterany major change in forging technique.7.3 Test SpecimensTension test specimens shall be takenfrom a forging or from a separately forged coupon made f

22、rommaterial representative of the forgings, in such a manner thatthe longitudinal axis of the specimen is parallel to the directionof maximum flow of the metal in the forging. The specimensshall be machined to the form and dimensions shown in Fig. 8of Test Methods B 557 or in the case of thin materi

23、al may beTABLE 1 Chemical Composition LimitsA,BNOTE 1Analysis shall regularly be made only for the elements specifically mentioned in this table. If, however, the presence of other elements issuspected or indicated in amounts greater than the specified limits, further analysis shall be made to deter

24、mine that these elements are not present in excessof the specified limits.NOTE 2The following applies to all specified limits in this table. For purposes of acceptance and rejection, an observed value or a calculated valueobtained from analysis should be rounded to the nearest unit in the last right

25、-hand place of figures used in expressing the specified limit.Composition, %ElementAlloy AZ31B(UNS No.M11311)Alloy AZ61A(UNS No.M11610)Alloy AZ80A(UNS No.M11800)Alloy ZK60A(UNS No.M16600)Magnesium remainder remainder remainder remainderAluminum 2.53.5 5.87.2 7.89.2 .Manganese 0.201.0 0.150.5 0.120.5

26、 .Zinc 0.61.4 0.401.5 0.200.8 4.86.2Thorium . . . .Zirconium, min . . 0.45Silicon 0.10 0.10 0.10 .Copper 0.05 0.05 0.05 .Nickel 0.005 0.005 0.005 .Iron 0.005 0.005 0.005 .Calcium 0.04 . . .Other impuritiesC0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30ALimits are in weight percent maximum unless shown as a range or stated oth

27、erwise.BThese alloy designations were established in accordance with Practice B 951.CIncludes listed elements for which no specific limit is shown.TABLE 2 Tensile RequirementsNOTE 1For purposes of determining conformance with this specifi-cation, each value for tensile strength and yield strength sh

28、all be roundedto the nearest 0.1 ksi (0.7 MPa) and each value for elongation shall berounded to the nearest 0.5 %, both in accordance with the roundingmethod of Practice E29.Alloy andTemperTensileStrength,min, ksi(MPa)YieldStrengthA(0.2% offset),min, ksi(MPa)Elongationin2in.(51 mm), or4 3 dia,min, %

29、AZ31BF 34.0 (234) 19.0 (131) 6AZ61AF 38.0 (262) 22.0 (152) 6AZ80AF 42.0 (290) 26.0 (179) 5AZ80AT5 42.0 (290) 28.0 (193) 2ZK60AT5 die 42.0 (290) 26.0 (179) 7forgingsBZK60AT6 die 43.0 (296) 32.0 (221) 4forgingsBASee X1.1.6.BApplicable only to die forgings not more than 3 in. (76 mm) in thickness. Thet

30、ensile requirements for hand forgings will be lower and as agreed upon by thepurchaser and manufacturer.B91072machined to the form and dimensions shown for the12 in.(12.7 mm) wide sheet-type specimen in Fig. 6 of Test MethodsB 557.7.3.1 If required, a die forging representative of the firstproductio

31、n parts shall be selected after forging techniques havebeen established, and shall be tested as follows:7.3.1.1 Tension test specimens shall be taken parallel to theforging flow lines. The locations shall be as indicated on theforging engineering drawing or, if not indicated, from generallyrepresent

32、ative areas.7.3.1.2 A sample forging shall be sectioned at the locationsof the specimens, to show the grain flow.7.3.2 For hand forgings, the specimens shall be taken froma prolongation of the forgings or from a forging chosen torepresent the lot. Tests will regularly be made only in thelongitudinal

33、 direction.7.4 Test MethodsThe tension tests shall be made inaccordance with Test Methods B 557.NOTE 1The values obtained for the tensile properties covered by thisspecification are not seriously affected by variations in speed of testing. Aconsiderable range of testing speed is permissible; however

34、, the rate ofstressing to the yield strength should not exceed 100 ksi (690 MPa)/min,and above the yield strength the movement per minute of the head underload should not exceed 0.5 in./in. (mm/mm) of gage length. Care must beexercised, especially when making yield strength determinations, that thes

35、peed of testing does not exceed the ability of the strain- and load-indicating equipment to function satisfactorily.7.5 RetestsIf any test specimen fails to conform to therequirements of Table 2, two additional representative speci-mens shall be selected and tested. If either of these specimensfails

36、 to conform to the requirements, the lot may be rejected. If,however, it is suspected that specimen failure is due toinadequate thermal treatment, the material may be reheat-treated and resampled in accordance with 7.2. Only one suchreheat treatment shall be permitted.8. General Quality8.1 All mater

37、ial shall be of uniform quality, free of injurioussurface defects, and shall have a workmanlike finish.9. Finish9.1 Unless otherwise specified, the forgings shall be chromepickled prior to shipment (see X1.1.7).10. Inspection10.1 If the purchaser desires that inspection be made at themanufacturers w

38、orks where the material is made, it shall be sostated in the contract or purchase order.10.1.1 If the purchaser elects to have the inspection made atthe manufacturers works, the manufacturer shall afford theinspector representing the purchaser all reasonable facilities tosatisfy him that the materia

39、l is being furnished in accordancewith this specification. All tests and inspection shall be soconducted as not to interfere unnecessarily with the operationof the works.10.2 Special inspection requirements such as inspection byultrasonic reflection or by fluorescent penetrant, must be shownon the o

40、rder. Acceptance standards for special inspectionrequirements shall be as agreed upon between purchaser andmanufacturer.11. Rejection11.1 Material failing to conform to the requirements of thisspecification, or in which defects are found during subsequentmanufacturing operations, may be rejected. If

41、 rejected, themanufacturer shall be responsible only for replacement of thematerial to the purchaser. All of the rejected original materialshall be returned to the manufacturer.12. Certification12.1 The supplier shall, on request, furnish to the purchaser,a certificate stating that the material has

42、been sampled, tested,and inspected in accordance with this specification, and hasmet the requirements.13. Product Marking13.1 The material shall be marked as specified in thepurchase order.13.2 Each package or container shall be marked with thepurchase order number, drawing number, quantity, specifi

43、ca-tion number, alloy and temper, gross and net weights, and thename of the manufacturer.14. Packaging14.1 The material shall be packaged in such a manner as toprevent damage in ordinary handling and transportation. Thetype of packing and gross weight of individual containers shallbe left to the dis

44、cretion of the manufacturer unless otherwiseagreed upon. Packaging methods and containers shall be soselected as to permit maximum utility of mechanical equip-ment in unloading and subsequent handling. Each package orcontainer shall contain only one size, alloy, and temper ofmaterial when packaged f

45、or shipment unless otherwise agreedupon.14.2 Packages or containers shall be such as to ensureacceptance by common or other carriers for safe transportationat the lowest rate to the point of delivery.14.3 When specified in the contract or purchase order,material shall be preserved, packaged, and pac

46、ked in accor-dance with the requirements of Practices B 660. The applicablelevels shall be as specified in the contract or order. Marking forshipment of such material shall be in accordance with Fed. Std.No. 123 for civil agencies and MIL-STD-129 for militaryagencies.14.4 When specified in the contr

47、act or purchase order,material shall be marked in accordance with Fed. Std. No. 184.15. Keywords15.1 forgings; magnesium alloyB91073APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. EXPLANATORY NOTESX1.1 General InformationX1.1.1 Standard mechanical property limits for the respec-tive size ranges are based on a

48、n analysis of data from fullyworked production material and are established at a level atwhich at least 99 % of the population of the values obtainedfrom all fully worked material in the size range meets theestablished value. The expression “fully worked” refers tomaterial that has been worked suffi

49、ciently during the forgingoperations to develop maximum properties. Material that hasbeen given smaller amounts of working will have correspond-ingly lower properties.X1.1.2 Alloy AZ31B has a specific gravity of about 1.77. Ithas better press-forging characteristics than any of the otheralloys and may be worked on hammers or mechanical presses.X1.1.3 Alloy AZ61A has a specific gravity of about 1.81.The forgeability and mechanical properties are intermediatebetween those of alloy AZ31B and AZ80A.X1.1.4 Alloy AZ80A has a specific gravity of about 1