1、Designation: B944 11 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Specification forCopper-Beryllium Welded Heat Exchanger and CondenserTube (UNS No. C17510)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B944; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes the requirements forcopper-beryllium alloy UNS No. C17510 weld
3、ed tube instraight lengths.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in inch-pound units are to beregarded as standard. The values given in parentheses aremathematical conversions to SI units, which are provided forinformation only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all o
4、f thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B153 Test Method for Ex
5、pansion (Pin Test) of Copper andCopper-Alloy Pipe and TubingB194 Specification for Copper-BerylliumAlloy Plate, Sheet,Strip, and Rolled BarB601 Classification for Temper Designations for Copper andCopper AlloysWrought and CastB846 Terminology for Copper and Copper AlloysE8/E8M Test Methods for Tensi
6、on Testing of Metallic Ma-terialsE18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-terialsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE243 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy Current) Examina-tion of Copper and Copper-Alloy TubesE255 Practice
7、for Sampling Copper and Copper Alloys forthe Determination of Chemical CompositionE1004 Test Method for Determining Electrical ConductivityUsing the Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Method3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms related to copper and copperalloys, refer to Terminology B846.4. Orderi
8、ng Information4.1 Include the following information when placing ordersfor product under this specification, as applicable:4.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue,4.1.2 Copper Alloy UNS No. designation,4.1.3 Temper (Section 7),4.1.4 Dimensions, diameter, and wall thickness (Section12). For tube or
9、pipe, specify either OD/wall, ID/wall, orOD/ID,4.1.5 Minimum wall thickness or average (nominal) wallthickness,4.1.6 Tube length, specific or random, and4.1.7 QuantityTotal weight or total length or number ofpieces of each size.4.2 The following options are available and should bespecified at the ti
10、me of placing of the order when required:4.2.1 Hydrostatic test,4.2.2 Pneumatic test,4.2.3 Weld bead conditioning, and4.2.4 Certification.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 MaterialsThe material of manufacture shall be sheetor strip of UNS Alloy No. C17510 of such purity andsoundness to be suitable for
11、 processing into the productsprescribed herein.5.2 ManufactureThe product shall be manufactured fromcold rolled strip which is subsequently formed and welded byan automatic welding process without the addition of fillermetal.6. Chemical Composition6.1 Material shall conform to the chemical compositi
12、onrequirements in Table 1 for Copper Alloy UNS No. C17510.1This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B05 on Copperand Copper Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.04 on Pipeand Tube.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016. Published October 2016. Originallyapp
13、roved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as B944 11. DOI:10.1520/B0944-11R16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Sum
14、mary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16.2 These composition limits do not preclude the presenceof other elements. By agreement between the manufacturer andpurchaser, limits may be established and
15、 analysis required forunnamed elements.6.3 For alloys in which copper is listed as “Remainder,”copper is the difference between the sum of results of allelements determined and 100 %. When all elements in Table 1are determined, the sum of results shall be 99.5 % min.7. Temper7.1 The standard temper
16、for products described in thisspecification is TF00 (precipitation hardened) as defined inClassification B601.8. Physical Property Requirements8.1 Electrical ConductivityProduct furnished to thisspecification shall conform to the electrical conductivity re-quirement given in Table 2, when tested in
17、accordance withTest Method E1004.9. Mechanical Property Requirements9.1 Tensile Strength Requirements:9.1.1 Product furnished under this specification shall con-form to the tensile requirements prescribed in Table 2, whentested in accordance with Test Methods E8/E8M.9.2 When specified in the contrac
18、t or purchase order, theproduct shall conform to the Rockwell hardness requirementprescribed in Table 2 when tested in accordance with TestMethods E18.9.2.1 The approximate Rockwell hardness values given inTable 2 are for general information and assistance in testing,and shall not be used as a basis
19、 for product rejection.10. Performance Requirements10.1 Expansion Test RequirementsTube specimens se-lected for test shall withstand an expansion of 15 % whenexpanded in accordance with Test Method B153. This isdefined as expansion of tube outside diameter in percent oforiginal outside diameter. The
20、 expanded tube shall show nocracking or rupture visible to the unaided eye.10.2 Flattening Test RequirementsTest specimens at least4 ft in length shall be flattened on different elements throughoutthe length remaining after specimens for the expansion andmetallographic tests have been taken. Each el
21、ement shall beslowly flattened by one stroke of a press. The term “flattened”shall be interpreted as follows: A micrometer caliper set atthree times the wall thickness shall pass over the tube freelythroughout the flattened part except at the points where thechange in element of flattening takes pla
22、ce. The flattenedelements shall not show cracking or rupture visible to theunaided eye. The weld when visible or identifiable shall beplaced in the position of maximum bend on one half of theflattened elements.10.3 Reverse Bend Test RequirementsA section 4 in. inlength shall be split longitudinally
23、90 on each side of the weld.The sample shall then be opened and bent around a mandrelwith a diameter four times the wall thickness, with the mandrelparallel to the weld and on the outside of the tube. The weldwhen visible or identifiable shall be at the point of maximumbend. There shall be no eviden
24、ce of cracks, or lack ofpenetration in the weld.11. Other Requirements11.1 Each tube shall be subjected to an eddy-current test.The purchaser may specify either of the tests in 11.2 or 11.3 asan alternative to the eddy-current test.11.1.1 Eddy Current TestEach tube shall be passedthrough an eddy-cur
25、rent testing unit adjusted to provideinformation on the suitability of the tube for the intendedapplication. Testing shall follow the procedures of PracticeE243, except as modified in 11.1.1.2.11.1.1.1 The depth of the round-bottom transverse notchesand the diameters of the drilled holes in the cali
26、brating tubeused to adjust the sensitivity of the test unit are shown in Table3 and Table 4 respectively.11.1.1.2 The discontinuities used to calibrate the test systemmay be placed in the strip from which the tube will bemanufactured. These calibration discontinuities will passthrough the continuous
27、 operations of forming, welding, andeddy-current testing. The test unit sensitivity required to detectthe resultant discontinuities shall be equivalent to or greaterthan that required to detect the notches or drilled holes of Table3 and Table 4 respectively, or other calibration discontinuitiesthat
28、may be used by mutual agreement between the manufac-turer or supplier and the purchaser. Calibration discontinuitiesmay be on the outside tube surface, the internal tube surface, orthrough the tube wall and shall be spaced to provide signalresolution adequate for interpretation. Each calibration dis
29、con-tinuity shall be detected by the eddy-current tester.11.1.1.3 Tubes that do not actuate the signaling device ofthe eddy-current tester shall be considered as conforming to theTABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsComposition, %Element UNS No. C17510Beryllium 0.20.6Cobalt, max 0.3Nickel 1.42.2Iron, max 0.
30、10Aluminum, max 0.20Silicon, max 0.20Copper RemainderTABLE 2 Mechanical Property and Electrical Conductivity Requirements After Precipitation Heat TreatmentTemper Designation Tensile StrengthElongation in2 in. (50 mm),%minYield Strength, ksimin, 0.2 % OffsetRockwellHardnessBElectricalConductivityIAC
31、S min, %Standard Former ksi MPa ksi MPaTF00 AT 100130 (690895) 10 80 (550) 92100 45B944 11 (2016)2requirements of this test. Tubes causing irrelevant signalsbecause of moisture, soil, and like effects may be reconditionedand retested. Such tubes, when retested to the original testparameters, shall b
32、e considered to conform if they do not causeoutput signals beyond the acceptable limits. Tubes causingirrelevant signals because of visible and identifiable handlingmarks may be retested by the hydrostatic test prescribed in11.2, or the pneumatic test prescribed in 11.3. Tubes meetingrequirements of
33、 either test shall be considered to conform if thetube dimensions are within the prescribed limits, unless other-wise agreed to by the manufacturer or supplier and thepurchaser.11.2 Hydrostatic TestWhen specified, each tube shallwithstand, without showing evidence of leakage, an internalhydrostatic
34、pressure sufficient to subject the material to a fiberstress of 7000 psi, determined by the following equation forthin hollow cylinders under tension. The tube need not betested at a hydrostatic pressure of over 1000 psig unless sospecified.P 5 2St/D 2 0.8t! (1)where:P = hydrostatic pressure, psig,t
35、 = thickness of tube wall, in.,D = outside diameter of the tube, in., andS = allowable stress of the material, psi.11.3 Pneumatic TestWhen specified, each tube shall besubjected to an internal air pressure of 100 psig minimumwithout showing evidence of leakage. The test method usedshall permit easy
36、visual detection of any leakage, such as byhaving the tube under water or by the pressure-differentialmethod. Any evidence of leakage shall be cause for rejection.12. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations12.1 Dimensions and tolerances for product described bythis specification shall be as spe
37、cified: Wall Thickness, Table 3;Diameter, Table 4; Length, Table 5; and Straightness, Table 6.12.1.1 Tolerances on a given tube may be specified withrespect to any two, but not all three, of the following: outsidediameter, inside diameter, wall thickness.12.2 Wall-thickness tolerances shall be in ac
38、cordance withTable 5.12.2.1 Tubes Ordered to Minimum WallNo tube at itsthinnest point shall be less than the specified wall thickness orgreater than the specified wall thickness plus twice the toler-ance values shown in Table 5.12.2.2 Tubes Ordered to Nominal WallThe maximum plusand minus deviation
39、from the nominal wall at any point shallnot exceed the values shown in Table 5.12.3 Diameter Tolerances shall be in accordance with Table6.12.3.1 DiameterThe outside diameter of the tubes shallnot vary from that specified by more than the amounts shownin Table 6 as measured by “go” and “no-go” ring
40、gauges. If novalues are shown in the table, dimensions shall be as agreedbetween the Purchaser and the manufacturer or supplier.12.4 Length Tolerances shall be in accordance with Table 7.12.4.1 LengthThe length of the tubes shall not be less thanthat specified but may exceed the specified value by t
41、heamounts given in Table 712.5 SquarenessThe departure from squareness of the endshall not exceed 0.016 in./in. of diameter.12.6 Straightness Tolerances shall be in accordance withTable 8.12.6.1 For lengths greater than 10 ft the maximum curvatureshall not exceed12 in. in any 10-ft portion of the to
42、tal length.13. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance13.1 The product shall be free of defects, but blemishes ofa nature that do not interfere with the intended application areacceptable.TABLE 3 Notch DepthSpecified WallThickness, in.Outside Diameter, in.0.625 to0.750, incl.Over 0.750 to1.250, incl.Ove
43、r 1.250 to2.000, incl.Over 0.0170.032 0.005 0.006 0.007Incl. 0.0320.049 0.006 0.006 0.008Incl. 0.0490.083 0.007 0.008 0.008TABLE 4 Diameter of Drilled HolesOutside Diameter,in.Diameter ofDrilled Holes, in.DrillNo.0.2501.000, incl. 0.031 68Over 1.0001.025, incl. 0.036 64Over 1.2501.500, incl. 0.042 5
44、8Over 1.5001.750, incl. 0.046 56Over 1.7502.000, incl. 0.052 55TABLE 5 Wall Thickness TolerancesSpecified WallThickness,in.Outside Diameter, in.0.625 to1.00, incl.Over 1.00 to2.00, incl.Over 2.00 to3.00, incl.Wall Thickness Tolerances, Plus and Minus, in.0.020 incl. to 0.032 0.004 0.004 0.0040.032 i
45、ncl. to 0.035 0.004 0.004 0.0050.035 incl. to 0.058 0.006 0.006 0.0060.058 incl. to 0.083 0.008 0.008 0.008TABLE 6 Diameter TolerancesOutsideDiameter,in.Wall Thickness, in.0.020 incl.to 0.0320.032 incl.to 0.0350.035 incl.to 0.0580.058 incl.to 0.083Diameter Tolerance, Plus and Minus, in.0.625 incl. t
46、o 0.740 0.006 0.006 0.005 0.0050.740 incl. to 1.000 0.006 0.006 0.005 0.0041.000 incl. to 1.250 0.008 0.008 0.007 0.0061.250 incl. to 1.500 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.0071.500 incl. to 3.000 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008TABLE 7 Length TolerancesSpecified Length, ft Tolerance, all plus, in.Up to 30, incl. 0.125Ov
47、er 3060, incl. 0.250Over 60100, incl. 0.375B944 11 (2016)314. Sampling14.1 The lot size, portion size, and selection of samplepieces shall be as follows.14.1.1 Lot Size300 tubes or 15 000 ft or a fraction ofeither, whichever is less.14.1.2 Portion SizeSample pieces from two individuallengths of fini
48、shed product.14.2 Samples taken for the purpose of tests prescribed in thespecification shall be selected in a manner that will representcorrectly the material furnished and avoid needless destructionof finished material when samples representative of the mate-rial are available from other sources.1
49、5. Number of Tests and Retests15.1 Tests:15.1.1 Chemical AnalysisThe manufacturer shall have theoption of determining conformance to chemical composition asfollows: Conformance shall be determined by analyzingsamples taken at the time the castings are poured or samplestaken from the semi-finished product. If the manufacturerdetermines the chemical composition of the material during thecourse of manufacture, he shall not be required to sample andanalyze the finished product. The number of samples taken fordetermination of chemical composition s
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