1、Designation: B 947 06Standard Practice forHot Rolling Mill Solution Heat Treatment for Aluminum AlloyPlate1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 947; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice establishes the controls required for hotrolling mill solution heat treatment of the 6xxx series alumi-num a
3、lloy plate in Table 1 when ASTM material specificationsallow use of this process in lieu of furnace solution heattreatment. For the alloys listed in Table 1, this practice is analternate process to solution heat treatment in a furnace, suchas specified in Practice B 918 as the preliminary step for t
4、heattainment of T651-type tempers (see ANSI H35.1).1.2 This practice applies only to hot rolling mill solutionheat treatment of plate for the listed aluminum alloys. Precipi-tation hardening (aging) processing and equipment calibrationfor aging shall meet the practice and requirements of PracticeB 9
5、18.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in nonconformancewit
6、h the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
7、2. Referenced Documents2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on thedate of material purchase form a part of this specification to theextent referenced herein:2.2 ASTM Standards:2B 209 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-AlloySheet and PlateB 209M Specification for Aluminum and Alumi
8、num-AlloySheet and Plate MetricB 557 Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and CastAluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy ProductsB 557M Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought andCast Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products MetricB 881 Terminology Relating to Aluminum- andMagnesium-Alloy ProductsB 918 Pr
9、actice for Heat Treatment of Wrought AluminumAlloysE 2281 Practice for Process and Measurement CapabilityIndicesASTM MNL7 Manual on Presentation of Data and ControlChart Analysis2.3 ANSI Standards:H35.1 Alloy and Temper Designation Systems for Alumi-num3H35.1M Alloy and Temper Designation Systems fo
10、r Alu-minum Metric32.4 European Standard:EN 485-2 Aluminium and Aluminium AlloysSheet, StripAnd PlatePart 2: Mechanical Properties43. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod, refer to Terminology B 881.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 rollin
11、g slab, nsemi-finished or intermediate productproduced by hot rolling which is between ingot and plate form.3.2.2 load sensor or load thermocouple, nsensors that areattached to the production material or a representation ofproduction material, that supply temperature data of the pro-duction material
12、 to process or test instrumentation.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B07 on LightMetals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B07.03 onAluminum Alloy Wrought Products.Current edition approved July 1, 2006. Published July 2006.2For referenced ASTM stand
13、ards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor,
14、 New York, NY 10036.4Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 36 rue deStassart, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.TABLE 1 Ingot High Limit TemperatureAAlloyIngot Upper Limit TemperatureF C6061 1050 565AThese upper limit temperatures avoid the possibility of eutectic melting due tooverhe
15、ating, and include a safety factor of approximately 25F 15C.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4. Equipment4.1 Aluminum alloy ingots or rolling slabs are preheatedprior to being hot rolled as prescribed in 6.2. Controls
16、shall beadequate to ensure that the equipment is operated in a mannerwhich precludes overheating of the ingot or rolling slab ordeleterious contamination by the furnace environment. Metaltemperature shall be monitored and controlled to not exceedthe maximum temperature shown in Table 1 prior to hotr
17、olling.NOTE 1Some aspects of the metallurgical structure of the alloy aftersolution heat treatment are influenced by the thermal characteristics of theheating equipment used, and the starting microstructure of the ingot. Someheating equipment achieves very rapid temperature rise and may requirethe m
18、etal to be soaked for a period to ensure that sufficient applicablealloying elements are taken into solid solution. This soaking stage may beminimized if the alloying elements are substantially in solid solution priorto charging the metal to the heating equipment (this being accomplishedby sufficien
19、t prior homogenization/cooling practices).4.1.1 Automatic or manual control and recording devicesused to measure temperature at pertinent points in the heatingequipment shall be calibrated as specified in 5.1 and 5.2. Table3 shows preheat/homogenizing furnace temperature tolerance.4.2 The hot rollin
20、g and quench equipment and controls shallbe adequate to ensure that ingots are capable of being hot rolledin accordance with the process requirements for the productsbeing produced, as prescribed in 6.3 and 6.4.4.3 Equipment for quenching the hot rolled slab may consistof, but is not limited to, wat
21、er or water/glycol mixture in astanding wave, quench tank, spray, or pressurized water device.Controls shall be adequate to assure that the equipment isoperated in a manner which achieves the required quenchconditions in Table 2.5. Equipment Calibration and System Accuracy Tests(SAT)5.1 Non-Contact
22、Sensor System (Remote Sensing System)Calibration and SAT:5.1.1 Initial CalibrationNon-contact sensors shall be cali-brated prior to initial use by an ISO 17025 or A2LA (AmericanAssociation for Laboratory Accreditation) certified laboratory.It may also be certified by the manufacturer if their calibr
23、ationprocess is traceable to NIST or national equivalent. Initialcalibration shall be within 6 6F 6 3C.5.1.2 SATNoncontact sensors must be compared weeklyunder operating conditions and temperature to the SAT testinstrument/sensor (5.3); test sensor must be in contact with theingot, hot rolled slab,
24、or plate within 3 in. 75 mm of the focuspoint of the noncontact sensor (see Note 2). The noncontactsensor must read within 6 2F 6 1C of the contact pyrom-etry system; if not, the noncontact sensor system must beadjusted to read within the stated tolerance or an offset inoperation must be used to acc
25、ount for the variation and maythen be used for production.5.2 Temperature Measuring System Accuracy Test (SAT) forContact Systems:5.2.1 SATThe accuracy of temperature measuring sys-tem(s) shall be tested under operating conditions at least onceduring each week that the facility is used. The test sho
26、uld bemade by placing a calibrated test temperature sensing element(5.3) to make contact with the surface (ingot, hot rolled slab orplate) being measured within 3 in. 75 mm of the systemssensing element and reading the test temperature sensingelement with a calibrated test potentiometer (see Note 2)
27、. Thecontact system must read within 6 2F 6 1C of the testinstrument. If not, the contact system shall be calibrated to readwithin the stated tolerance or an offset in operation shall beused to account for the variation. Once the adjustment or offsetis in use, the system may then be used for product
28、ion. Whenthe system is equipped with dual potentiometer measuringsystems which are checked daily against each other and agreewithin 6 2F 6 1C, the above checks and corrections shallbe conducted at least once every three months.5.3 Test Instrument/Sensor for SATThe contact pyrometerthermocouple (sens
29、or) and test instrument must be calibrated toa NIST (or equivalent national standard) traceable sourcebefore first use and calibrated within 3 months of use andrecalibrated every 3 months thereafter when used. Calibrationerror of the instrument shall be no more than 6 1F 6 0.6Cand the sensor shall b
30、e within 6 2F 6 1C or 0.4 % of truetemperature (whichever is greater).NOTE 2Warning: Advice should be sought from the equipmentmanufacturer to determine precautions necessary when inserting sensingelements to avoid incurring any safety hazards.5.4 Preheat/Slab Reheat Furnace Calibration and Tempera-
31、ture Uniformity SurveyFor continuous or batch furnaces, thetype of survey and procedures for performing the survey shallbe established and documented for each particular furnace orfurnace type involved.5.4.1 A temperature uniformity survey shall be performedbefore first use and at least each 6 month
32、s thereafter using loadthermocouples in each corner that represent the ends andcorners as well as the remainder of the ingot or slab. Variationwithin and across zones of the furnace should be tested. Thisshall be done for both the thickest and thinnest ingot or slabbeing heated. These load thermocou
33、ple tests shall be per-formed at normal production settings; ingot temperature shallmeet requirements of Table 3 for the alloy specified.TABLE 2 Minimum Temperature Entering Quench and CoolingRate in the Quench ZoneA,BAlloyMin Temp Entering QuenchF CMin Cooling RateF/min C/min6061 870 465 600 335ATh
34、e cooling rate is defined as the average temperature drop per unit of timewhen subjected to a constant cooling system from initial slab temperature, down to400F 205C, forced cooling allowed at a reduced rate down to 350F 175C,and cooling continuing to ambient.BThese minimum temperatures and cooling
35、rates may be altered whenstatistical analysis of mechanical property test data substantiates that the materialwill meet the tensile property requirements of 7.1 and other required materialcharacteristics such as corrosion resistance.TABLE 3 Homogenization and Pre-heat FurnaceTemperature ToleranceAll
36、oyPre-heat Oven Temperature RangeF C6061 6 15 6 8B9470625.4.2 Test instrument and thermocouples for the temperatureuniformity survey must be calibrated to a NIST (or equivalentnational standard) traceable source before first use, within 1year of use, and annually thereafter. Calibration error of the
37、instrument shall be no more than 6 1F 6 0.6C and thethermocouple shall be within 6 2F 6 1C or 0.4 % of truetemperature (whichever is greater).5.5 Control instruments for the furnace shall be calibrated atleast annually to a NIST (or equivalent national standard)traceable source. Instruments shall be
38、 calibrated to limits of6 2F 1.1C.6. Hot Rolling Mill Solution Heat Treat Procedure6.1 Pertinent control points requiring defined written oper-ating practices, data collection, and record keeping include, butare not limited to:6.1.1 Ingot homogenization and/or preheat processing time,temperature, an
39、d cooling,6.1.2 Ingot temperature in the heating equipment (6.2),6.1.3 Ingot temperature upon being charged onto the hotrolling mill (6.2),6.1.4 Time from ingot discharge from heating furnace tocharging of ingot onto the hot mill,6.1.5 Reduction pass schedule,6.1.6 Roll speed,6.1.7 Roll force,6.1.8
40、Lubricant spray practices,6.1.9 Reaction plan for delays on the hot line which deviatefrom hot mill practice (shall include time allowed betweenpasses in the mill and or allowable slab temperature rangebetween passes,6.1.10 Material temperature at quench entry (6.3),6.1.11 Material temperature at co
41、mpletion of quench,6.1.12 Quench media temperature,6.1.13 Quench rate (6.4), and6.1.14 System reaction to unplanned interruptions (warninglights/audible alarms, system interlocks, records).NOTE 3Some of these time or temperature measurements (other thanitems in 6.1.3, 6.1.10, 6.1.11, 6.1.13, 6.1.14,
42、 and 6.1.15) may be omittedif it has been demonstrated (and documented) that they are not essential toachieving an appropriate degree of process control.6.2 Ingot shall be heated to a temperature appropriate for thealloy and shall not exceed the maximum temperatures listed inTable 1 (see Note 4). Ta
43、ble 3 shows the maximum allowablepreheat/homogenizing furnace temperature tolerance. If a re-mote temperature sensing system is used and has a known errorwhich exceeds 6 2F 1C, then the permitted upper boundshown in Table 1 shall be adjusted by an amount to ensure thatthe true metal temperature does
44、 not exceed the upper limitshown, or the instrument shall be recalibrated in accordancewith 5.1.NOTE 4The surface temperature of a ingot may differ significantlyfrom its interior temperature. Temperature sensing devices may giveinstantaneous values at a specific point, or give average values over ti
45、meor over an area. Note that gradients may differ between various heatingequipment.NOTE 5The minimum starting ingot temperature is at the producersoption. This is due to state of the art in roll speed control and reductioncapabilities. Documented Work Instructions shall be developed for eachproduct
46、thickness/alloy group (as established by the producer).6.3 Minimum Temperatures:6.3.1 The minimum slab temperature upon entering thequench zone or chamber shall not be less than the temperatureshown for the alloy in Table 2.6.3.2 Any rolled product that does not meet temperaturerequirements of 6.3.1
47、 shall be either furnace solution re-heattreated in accordance with Practice B 918 or scrapped. Materialfrom the same slab shall not be sorted by testing individualsections of the slab. Where practices exist for cropping materialat start or end of slab, these portions shall be excluded fromtesting r
48、equirements.6.4 The minimum cooling or quench rate of the slab in thequench zone or chamber shall conform to Table 2. The coolingequipment shall be operated in a manner to preclude reheatingof the slab.6.5 For precipitation hardening (aging) and equipment cali-bration thereof, the requirements of Pr
49、actice B 918 shall bemet.7. Process Capability and Quality Assurance7.1 Demonstration of Process CapabilityBefore produc-tion of product for buyers, each product range shall be qualifiedby tensile and metallurgical testing of hot rolling mill solutionheat treated samples (after subsequent processing, i.e., aging)to clarify the alloy to be qualified. The producers process shallhave been proven, with documented evidence of statisticallyverified capability, to produce product in various
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