1、Designation: B947 06 (Reapproved 2013)B947 14Standard Practice forHot Rolling Mill Solution Heat Treatment for Aluminum AlloyPlate1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B947; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revi
2、sion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This practice establishes the controls required for hot rolling mill solution heat treatment
3、of the 6xxx series aluminum alloyplate in Table 1 when ASTM material specifications allow use of this process in lieu instead of furnace solution heat treatment.For the alloys listed in Table 1, this practice is an alternate process to solution heat treatment in a furnace, such as specified inPracti
4、ce B918 as the preliminary step for the attainment of T651-type tempers (see ANSI H35.1).H35.1/H35.1M).1.2 This practice applies only to hot rolling mill solution heat treatment of plate for the listed aluminum alloys. Precipitationhardening (aging) processing(aging), processing, and equipment calib
5、ration for aging shall meet the practice and requirements ofPractice B918.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the ot
6、her. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practice
7、s and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on the date of material purchase form a part of this specification to the extentreferenced herein:2.2 ASTM Standards:2B209 Specification for Aluminum and
8、Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and PlateB209M Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and Plate (Metric)B557 Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and Cast Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy ProductsB557M Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and Cast Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products (Metri
9、c)B881 Terminology Relating to Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy ProductsB918 Practice for Heat Treatment of Wrought Aluminum AlloysE2281 Practice for Process and Measurement Capability IndicesASTM MNL7 Manual on Presentation of Data and Control Chart Analysis2.3 ANSI Standards:Standard:H35.1H35.1/H35.1
10、M Alloy and Temper Designation Systems for Aluminum3H35.1M Alloy and Temper Designation Systems for Aluminum Metric32.4 European Standard:EN 485-2 Aluminium and Aluminium AlloysSheet, Strip And PlatePart 2: Mechanical Properties41 This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B07 on Light
11、 Metals andAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B07.03 on AluminumAlloyWrought Products.Current edition approved May 1, 2013Dec. 1, 2014. Published May 2013December 2014. Originally approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 20062013 asB947B947 06 (2013). 06. DOI: 10.1520
12、/B0947-06R13.10.1520/B0947-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available fromAmerican Nation
13、al Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.theAluminumAssociation, Inc., 1525 Wilson Blvd. Suite600, Arlington, VA 22209, www.aluminum.org.4 Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 36 rue de Stassart, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.This document is n
14、ot an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropria
15、te. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13
16、. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology B881.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 rolling slab, nsemi-finished or intermediate product produced by hot rolling which is between ingot and plate form.3.2.2 load sensor or lo
17、ad thermocouple, nsensors that are attached to the production material or a representation of productionmaterial, that supply temperature data of the production material to process or test instrumentation.4. Equipment4.1 Aluminum alloy ingots or rolling slabs are preheated prior to being hot rolled
18、as prescribed in 6.2. Controls shall be adequateto ensure that the equipment is operated in a manner which precludes overheating of the ingot or rolling slab or deleteriouscontamination by the furnace environment. Metal temperature shall be monitored and controlled to not exceed the maximumtemperatu
19、re shown in Table 1 prior to hot rolling.NOTE 1Some aspects of the metallurgical structure of the alloy after solution heat treatment are influenced by the thermal characteristics of the heatingequipment used, and the starting microstructure of the ingot. Some heating equipment achieves very rapid t
20、emperature rise and may require the metalto be soaked for a period to ensure that sufficient applicable alloying elements are taken into solid solution. This soaking stage may be minimized if thealloying elements are substantially in solid solution prior to charging the metal to the heating equipmen
21、t (this being accomplished by sufficient priorhomogenization/cooling practices).4.1.1 Automatic or manual control and recording devices used to measure temperature at pertinent points in the heatingequipment shall be calibrated as specified in 5.1 and 5.2. Table 32 shows preheat/homogenizing furnace
22、 temperature tolerance.4.2 The hot rolling and quench equipment and controls shall be adequate to ensure that ingots are capable of being hot rolledin accordance with the process requirements for the products being produced, as prescribed in 6.3 and 6.4.4.3 Equipment for quenching the hot rolled sla
23、b may consist of, but is not limited to, water or water/glycol mixture in a standingwave, quench tank, spray, or pressurized water device. Controls shall be adequate to assure that the equipment is operated in amanner which achieves the required quench conditions in Table 23.5. Equipment Calibration
24、 and System Accuracy Tests (SAT)5.1 Non-Contact Sensor System (Remote Sensing System) Calibration and SAT:5.1.1 Initial CalibrationNon-contact sensors shall be calibrated prior to initial use by an ISO 17025 or A2LA (AmericanAssociation for Laboratory Accreditation) certified laboratory. It may also
25、 be certified by the manufacturer if their calibrationprocess is traceable to NIST or national equivalent. Initial calibration shall be within 6 6F 6 3C.66F 63C.5.1.2 SATNoncontact sensors must be compared weekly under operating conditions and temperature to the SAT testinstrument/sensor (5.3); test
26、 sensor must be in contact with the ingot, hot rolled slab, or plate within 3 in. 75 mm of the focuspoint of the noncontact sensor (see Note 2). The noncontact sensor must read within 6 2F 6 1C62F 61C of the contactpyrometry system; if not, the noncontact sensor system must be adjusted to read withi
27、n the stated tolerance or an offset in operationmust be used to account for the variation and may then be used for production.5.2 Temperature Measuring System Accuracy Test (SAT) for Contact Systems:TABLE 1 Ingot High Limit TemperatureAAlloy Ingot Upper Limit TemperatureF C6061 1050 565TABLE 1 Ingot
28、 High Limit TemperatureAAlloy Ingot Upper Limit TemperatureF C6061 1067 575A These upper limit temperatures avoid the possibility of eutectic melting due tooverheating, and include a safety factormargin of approximately 25F 15C.13F7C.TABLE 2 Homogenization and Pre-heat FurnaceTemperature ToleranceAl
29、loy Pre-heat Oven Temperature RangeF C6061 15 8B947 1425.2.1 SATThe accuracy of temperature measuring system(s) shall be tested under operating conditions at least once duringeach week that the facility is used. The test should be made by placing a calibrated test temperature sensing element (5.3) t
30、o makecontact with the surface (ingot, hot rolled slab, or plate) being measured within 3 in. 75 mm of the systems sensing element andreading the test temperature sensing element with a calibrated test potentiometer (see Note 2). The contact system must read within6 2F 6 1C62F 61C of the test instru
31、ment. If not, the contact system shall be calibrated to read within the stated toleranceor an offset in operation shall be used to account for the variation. Once the adjustment or offset is in use, the system may thenbe used for production. When the system is equipped with dual potentiometer measur
32、ing systems which are checked daily againsteach other and agree within 6 2F 6 1C,62F 61C, the above checks and corrections shall be conducted at least once everythree months.5.3 Test Instrument/Sensor for SATThe contact pyrometer thermocouple (sensor) and test instrument must be calibrated to aNIST
33、(or equivalent national standard) traceable source before first use and calibrated within 3three months of use and recalibratedevery 3three months thereafter when used. Calibration error of the instrument shall be no more than 6 1F 6 0.6C61F60.6C and the sensor shall be within 6 2F 6 1C62F 61C or 0.
34、4 % of true temperature (whichever is greater).NOTE 2Warning: Advice should be sought from the equipment manufacturer to determine precautions necessary when inserting sensing elementsto avoid incurring any safety hazards.5.4 Preheat/Slab Reheat Furnace Calibration and Temperature Uniformity SurveyF
35、or continuous or batch furnaces, the typeof survey and procedures for performing the survey shall be established and documented for each particular furnace or furnace typeinvolved.5.4.1 A temperature uniformity survey shall be performed before first use and at least each 6six months thereafter using
36、 loadthermocouples in each corner that represent the ends and corners as well as the remainder of the ingot or slab. Variation withinand across zones of the furnace should be tested. This shall be done for both the thickest and thinnest ingot or slab being heated.These load thermocouple tests shall
37、be performed at normal production settings; ingot temperature shall meet requirements ofTable 32 for the alloy specified.5.4.2 Test instrument and thermocouples for the temperature uniformity survey must be calibrated to a NIST (or equivalentnational standard) traceable source before first use, with
38、in 1one year of use, and annually thereafter. Calibration error of theinstrument shall be no more than 6 1F 6 0.6C61F 60.6C and the thermocouple shall be within 6 2F 6 1C62F61C or 0.4 % of true temperature (whichever is greater).5.5 Control instruments for the furnace shall be calibrated at least an
39、nually to a NIST (or equivalent national standard) traceablesource. Instruments shall be calibrated to limits of 6 2F 1.1C.62F 61C.6. Hot Rolling Mill Solution Heat Treat Procedure6.1 Pertinent control points requiring defined written operating practices, data collection, and record keeping include,
40、 but arenot limited to:6.1.1 Ingot homogenization and/or preheat processing time, temperature, and cooling,6.1.2 Ingot temperature in the heating equipment (6.2),6.1.3 Ingot temperature upon being charged onto the hot rolling mill (6.2),6.1.4 Time from ingot discharge from heating furnace to chargin
41、g of ingot onto the hot mill,6.1.5 Reduction pass schedule,6.1.6 Roll speed,6.1.7 Roll force,TABLE 2 Minimum Temperature Entering Quench and CoolingRate in the Quench ZoneA,BAlloy Min Temp Entering QuenchF C Min Cooling RateF/min C/min6061 870 465 600 335TABLE 3 Minimum Temperature Entering Quench a
42、nd CoolingRate in Quench ZoneA,BAlloy Min Temp Entering QuenchF C Min Cooling RateF/min C/min6061 870 466 600 316A The cooling rate is defined as the average temperature drop per unit of timewhen subjected to a constant cooling system from initial slab temperature, down to400F 205C, forced cooling a
43、llowed at a reduced rate down to 350F 175C,and cooling continuing to ambient.B These minimum temperatures and cooling rates may be altered when statisticalanalysis of mechanical property test data substantiates that the material will meetthe tensile property requirements of 7.1 and other required ma
44、terial characteristicssuch as corrosion resistance.B947 1436.1.8 Lubricant spray practices,6.1.9 Reaction plan for delays on the hot line which deviate from hot mill practice (shall include time allowed between passesin the mill and or mill, allowable slab temperature range between passes, or both),
45、6.1.10 Material temperature at quench entry (6.3),6.1.11 Material temperature at completion of quench,6.1.12 Quench media temperature,6.1.13 Quench rate (6.4), and6.1.14 System reaction to unplanned interruptions (warning lights/audible alarms, system interlocks, records).NOTE 3Some of these time or
46、 temperature measurements (other than items in 6.1.36.1.3, 6.1.106.1.10, 6.1.116.1.11, 6.1.136.1.13, 6.1.14, , and6.1.146.1.15) may be omitted if it has been demonstrated (and documented) that they are not essential to achieving an appropriate degree of processcontrol.6.2 Ingot shall be heated to a
47、temperature appropriate for the alloy and shall not exceed the maximum temperatures listed inTable 1 (see Note 4). Table 32 shows the maximum allowable preheat/homogenizing furnace temperature tolerance. If a remotetemperature sensing system is used and has a known error which exceeds 6 2F 1C,62F 61
48、C, then the permitted upperbound shown in Table 1 shall be adjusted by an amount to ensure that the true metal temperature does not exceed the upper limitshown, or the instrument shall be recalibrated in accordance with 5.1.NOTE 4The surface temperature of a ingot may differ significantly from its i
49、nterior temperature. Temperature sensing devices may give instantaneousvalues at a specific point, or give average values over time or over an area. Note that gradients may differ between various heating equipment.NOTE 5The minimum starting ingot temperature is at the producers option. This is due to state of the art in roll speed control and reductioncapabilities. Documented Work Instructions shall be developed
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