1、Designation: C1012/C1012M 12C1012/C1012M 13Standard Test Method forLength Change of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars Exposed to aSulfate Solution1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1012/C1012M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of length change of mortar bars immersed i
3、n a sulfate solution. Mortar bars madeusing mortar described in Test Method C109/C109M are cured until they attain a compressive strength of 20.0 6 1.0 MPa 30006 150 psi, as measured using cubes made of the same mortar, before the bars are immersed.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-po
4、und units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theinch-pound units are shown in brackets.The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shallbe used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-confo
5、rmance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior
6、 to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm Cube Specimens)C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic CementC150 Specification for Portland CementC157/C157M Test Method for Length Chang
7、e of Hardened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and ConcreteC215 Test Method for Fundamental Transverse, Longitudinal, and Torsional Resonant Frequencies of Concrete SpecimensC305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes and Mortars of Plastic ConsistencyC348 Test Method for Flexural Strength
8、 of Hydraulic-Cement MortarsC349 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars (Using Portions of Prisms Broken in Flexure)C452 Test Method for Potential Expansion of Portland-Cement Mortars Exposed to SulfateC490 Practice for Use of Apparatus for the Determination of Length Chang
9、e of Hardened Cement Paste, Mortar, and ConcreteC511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of HydraulicCements and ConcretesC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC597 Test Method for Pulse Velocity Through ConcreteC618 Spec
10、ification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC684 Test Method for Making, Accelerated Curing, and Testing Concrete Compression Test Specimens (Withdrawn 2012)3C778 Specification for SandC917 Test Method for Evaluation of Cement Strength Uniformity From a Single
11、SourceC989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and MortarsD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterE18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic MaterialsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
12、Determine the Precision of a Test Method1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.29 on Sulfate Resistance.Current edition approved April 1, 2012Jan. 1, 2013. Published May 2012February 2013. Originally approved
13、in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20102012 asC1012/C1012M10.12. DOI: 10.1520/C1012_C1012M-12.10.1520/C1012_C1012M-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information,
14、refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to th
15、e previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary
16、of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.2 American Concrete Institute Reports:ACI C201-2R-01 Guide to Durable Concrete43. Significance and Use3.1 This test method provide
17、s a means of assessing the sulfate resistance of mortars made using portland cement, blends ofportland cement with pozzolans or slags, and blended hydraulic cements. Method C452 is suitable for evaluating portland cementsbut not blended cements or blends of portland cement with pozzolans or slags.3.
18、2 The standard exposure solution used in this test method, unless otherwise directed, contains 352 moles of Na2SO4 per m3(50 g/L). Other sulfate concentrations or other sulfates such as MgSO4 may be used to simulate the environmental exposure ofinterest. Further discussion of these and other technic
19、al issues is given in the Appendix.4. Apparatus4.1 Mixer, conforming to the requirements of Practice C305.4.2 Cube Molds, conforming to the requirements of Test Method C109/C109M.4.3 Bar Molds, conforming to the requirements of Specification C490.4.4 Comparator, conforming to the requirements of Spe
20、cification C490.4.5 ContainersThe containers in which the bars are immersed in the sulfate solution shall be corrosion resistentresistant suchas plastic, glass, or ceramic. Support the bars so that no end or side of a bar rests against the container. Seal the container witha lid so that the sulfate
21、solution cannot evaporate.4.6 Initial Curing Tank, Container conforming to the requirements of Test MethodThe container and the risers in which thespecimens are to be cured shall be corrosion and heat resistant such as plastic, glass, or ceramic. The container shall be of a sizethat permits the stor
22、age of the specimens, C684.so that no end or side of a bar or cube rests against the container. The lid on thecontainer shall be air tight, so that the water cannot evaporate. More than one container may be required for the initial curing ofa complete set of bars and cube specimens.4.7 OvenA convect
23、ion oven with temperature control maintaining 35 6 3C (95 6 5F).5. Reagents and Materials5.1 Purity of ReagentsUSP or technical grade chemicals may be used, provided it is established that any reagent used is ofsufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determin
24、ation. When tests are made that are expectedto produce results that are close to an acceptance-rejection value, it is recommended that reagent grade chemicals be used. Suchchemicals shall conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents for the American Chemical Society wheresuc
25、h specifications are available.55.2 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated, references to water shall be understood to mean reagent water conforming toType IV of Specification D1193.5.3 Sodium Sulfate (Na2SO4)Check the water content by loss on ignition each time the solution is prepared. Any anhy
26、drousor hydrated sodium sulfate may be used if the water content of the salt is checked by loss on ignition and proper corrections madeto account for the specified sulfate concentration.5.4 Sulfate SolutionEach litre of solution shall contain 50.0 g of Na2SO4 dissolved in 900 mL of water, and shall
27、be dilutedwith additional distilled or deionized water to obtain 1.0 L of solution. Mix the solution on the day before use, cover, and storeat 23.0 6 2.0 C 73.5 6 3.5 F. Determine the pH of the solution before use; reject the solution if the pH range is outside 6.0to 8.0. Maintain the volume proport
28、ion of sulfate solution to mortar bars in a storage container at 4.0 6 0.5 volumes of solutionto 1 volume of mortar bars. For mortar bars 1 by 1 by 1114 in. (volume of 184 mL 11.25 in.3), this is 645 to 830 mL of solutionper mortar bar in the storage container. For mortar bars 25 by 25 by 285 mm (vo
29、lume 178 mL), this is 625 to 800 mL of solutionper mortar bar in the storage container.5.5 Materials:5.5.1 Graded Standard Sand, as specified in Specification C778.5.5.2 Stainless Steel Gauge Studs, as specified in Specification C490.4 Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094,
30、 Farmington Hills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.concrete.org.5 Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications , American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For Suggestions on the testing of reagents not listed bythe American Chemical Society, see Annual Standards for Laboratory Chemicals, BD
31、H Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia and NationalFormulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville, MD.C1012/C1012M 1326. Hazards6.1 WarningFresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue uponprolonged exposu
32、re.67. Preparing Mortars7.1 Make mortars as described in Test Method C109/C109M, that is, 1 part cement to 2.75 parts of sand by mass. Use awater-cement ratio by mass of 0.485 for all non-air-entraining portland cements and 0.460 for all air-entraining portland cements.Use a water-cement ratio by ma
33、ss of 0.485 for non-air-entraining portland-pozzolan (IP) and portland-blast furnace slag (IS)cements. For blends of portland cement with a pozzolan or slag, use a water-cement ratio that develops a flow within 65 of thatof the portland-cement mortar at a water-cement ratio of 0.485.8. Specimen Mold
34、s and Initial Curing Container8.1 Prepare the specimen molds in accordance with the requirements of Specification C490 except the interior surfaces of themold shall be covered with a release agent. A release agent will be acceptable if it serves as a parting agent without affecting thesetting of the
35、 cement and without leaving any residue that will inhibit the penetration of water into the specimen.NOTE 1TFE-fluorocarbon tape complies with the requirements for a mold release agent.8.2 Prepare the Curing Container:8.2.1 Prior to molding the test specimen, prepare the initial curing container by
36、placing risers on the bottom of the containerto elevate molds above the intended water level. Fill the container with preheated water at 35 6 3C (95 6 5F), making sure thatthe water does not exceed the top of the risers.9. Procedure9.1 Molding and Initial Curing of SpecimensMold the test bars in acc
37、ordance withTest Method C157/C157M. Mold the cubesin accordance with Test Method C109/C109M. A set of specimens to test one cement cementitious product consists of 6 bars andup to 21 cubes (Note 2). Immediately after molding,molding cover the molds with a rigid steel, glass, or plastic plate, seal t
38、he plateto the mold so as to be watertight, and place the mold in the curing tank in water at 35 6 3 C 95 6 5 F for 23container ontop of the risers. Cover the container with a lid and seal12 h 6 30 min, as in Test Methodthe lid so as to prevent evaporation andC684, Procedure A (Warm-Water Method). P
39、lace the sealed molds in the curing tank with theplace the container into an oven at35 6 3C (95 6 5F) for 2312 bottom of the bars as cast down, that is, in the same relative position in which the bars were cast.h 6 30 min. At 2312 h 6 30 min, remove molds from tankcontainer and demold the specimens.
40、NOTE 2The set of cubes consists of 21 cubes to be tested as described herein when significant information on the strength development rate is notavailable. When information is available (as for example, from the use of the procedures of Test Method C917) that would justify making fewer cubes,only th
41、ose needed to confirm the time the mortar achieves 20.0 6 1.0 MPa 3000 6 150 psi are needed.9.2 Subsequent Curing and Preparation for TestAfter demolding, store all bars and cubes, except the two to be broken,tested,in a curing tank of saturated limewater at 23.0 6 2.0 C 73.5 6 3.5 F. BreakTest two
42、cubes in compression in accordance withTest Method C109/C109M after demolding when the specimens have cooled to ambient temperature under moist cloths. If themean strength of the two cubes is 20 MPa 2850 psi or more, observe and record comparator readings in accordance withSpecification C490 and as
43、prescribed in the section on Measurements of Length Change and place all the bars in the sulfatesolution. If 20 MPa 2850 psi is not achieved, store the demolded cubes and mortar bars in the curing tank and test additionalcubes. cubes (see Note 3). Predict from the first two cubes when a compressive
44、strength of at least 20 MPa 2850 psi will bereached. Verify the prediction, and at that time observe and record comparator readings and place all the bars in the sulfate solution(Note 3). This measurement is designated as the initial length. The storage temperature and test temperature shall be 23.0
45、 6 2.0C 73.5 6 3.5F.NOTE 3If the value for strength at 24 h is less than 20.0 MPa 2850 psi and additional testing on the same day is not possible, or, is unlikely to yielda value over 20.0 MPa 2850 psi and the strength is over 21 MPa 3150 psi when tested early the next day, it is not necessary to re
46、make the batch. Ifthe two cubes do not meet the required strength, continue curing the cubes and bars as referenced in 9.2. in a curing tank of saturated limewater at 23.06 2.0C 73.5 6 3.5F9.3 Storage of Test Bars during Exposure to Test SolutionCover the container of the bars and test solution, and
47、 seal it toprevent evaporation from the inside, or dilution with water from the outside. (See Note 4.) The storage temperature and testtemperature shall be 23.0 6 2.0 C 73.5 6 3.5 F. (See Note 5.)NOTE 4Gaffers tape or duct tape has been found to be suitable for sealing the container.NOTE 5This is th
48、e same temperature and temperature range as that specified for moist rooms in Specification C511.9.4 Measurements of Length ChangeAt 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 13, and 15 weeks after the bars are placed in the sulfate solution, testthem for length change using the length comparator in accordance with Specificat
49、ion C490. Review the data at 15 weeks. Make6 See Manual of Cement Testing, Section on Safety, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.C1012/C1012M 133the subsequent measurements at 4, 6, 9, and 12 months. If at any time the rate of change between readings is great, insert otherreadings as needed to ensure the intervals are short enough to permit observing and reporting the behavior of the bars. Ifcompliance with ACI C201-2R-01 Class 3 exposure is required, measure the bars at 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 months
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