1、Designation: C1012/C1012M 13C1012/C1012M 15Standard Test Method forLength Change of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars Exposed to aSulfate Solution1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1012/C1012M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of length change of mortar bars immersed i
3、n a sulfate solution. Mortar bars madeusing mortar described in Test Method C109/C109M are cured until they attain a compressive strength of 20.0 6 1.0 MPa 30006 150 psi, as measured using cubes made of the same mortar, before the bars are immersed.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-po
4、und units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theinch-pound units are shown in brackets.The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shallbe used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-confo
5、rmance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior
6、 to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm Cube Specimens)C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic CementC150 Specification for Portland CementC157/C157M Test Method for Length Chang
7、e of Hardened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and ConcreteC215 Test Method for Fundamental Transverse, Longitudinal, and Torsional Resonant Frequencies of Concrete SpecimensC305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes and Mortars of Plastic ConsistencyC348 Test Method for Flexural Strength
8、 of Hydraulic-Cement MortarsC349 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars (Using Portions of Prisms Broken in Flexure)C452 Test Method for Potential Expansion of Portland-Cement Mortars Exposed to SulfateC490 Practice for Use of Apparatus for the Determination of Length Chang
9、e of Hardened Cement Paste, Mortar, and ConcreteC511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of HydraulicCements and ConcretesC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC597 Test Method for Pulse Velocity Through ConcreteC618 Spec
10、ification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC684 Test Method for Making, Accelerated Curing, and Testing Concrete Compression Test Specimens (Withdrawn 2012)3C778 Specification for SandC917 Test Method for Evaluation of Cement Strength Uniformity From a Single
11、SourceC989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and MortarsC1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic CementD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterE18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic MaterialsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test MethodsE691
12、Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.29 on Sulfate Resistance.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2013Oct. 1, 2015. Pu
13、blished February 2013October 2015. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2012 asC1012/C1012M12.13. DOI: 10.1520/C1012_C1012M-13.10.1520/C1012_C1012M-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. Fo
14、r Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may n
15、ot be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the e
16、nd of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.2 American Concrete Institute Reports:ACI C201-2R-01 Guide to Durable Concrete33. Significance and Use3.1 This test method provides a means of assessing the sulfate
17、resistance of mortars made using portland cement, blends ofportland cement with pozzolans or slags, and blended hydraulic cements. Method C452 is suitable for evaluating portland cementsbut not blended cements or blends of portland cement with pozzolans or slags.3.2 The standard exposure solution us
18、ed in this test method, unless otherwise directed, contains 352 moles of Na2SO4 per m3(50 g/L). Other sulfate concentrations or other sulfates such as MgSO4 may be used to simulate the environmental exposure ofinterest. Further discussion of these and other technical issues is given in the Appendix.
19、4. Apparatus4.1 Mixer, conforming to the requirements of Practice C305.4.2 Cube Molds, conforming to the requirements of Test Method C109/C109M.4.3 Bar Molds, conforming to the requirements of Specification C490.4.4 Comparator, conforming to the requirements of Specification C490.4.5 ContainersThe c
20、ontainers in which the bars are immersed in the sulfate solution shall be corrosion resistant such asplastic, glass, or ceramic. Support the bars so that no end or side of a bar rests against the container. Seal the container with a lidso that the sulfate solution cannot evaporate.4.6 Initial Curing
21、 ContainerThe container and the risers in which the specimens are to be cured shall be corrosion and heatresistant such as plastic, glass, or ceramic. The container shall be of a size that permits the storage of the specimens, so that noend or side of a bar or cube rests against the container. The l
22、id on the container shall be air tight, so that the water cannot evaporate.More than one container may be required for the initial curing of a complete set of bars and cube specimens.4.7 OvenA convection oven with temperature control maintaining 35 6 3C (95 6 5F).5. Reagents and Materials5.1 Purity
23、of ReagentsUSP or technical grade chemicals may be used, provided it is established that any reagent used is ofsufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determination. When tests are made that are expectedto produce results that are close to an acceptance-rejec
24、tion value, it is recommended that reagent grade chemicals be used. Suchchemicals shall conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents for the American Chemical Society wheresuch specifications are available.45.2 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated, references to water s
25、hall be understood to mean reagent water conforming toType IV of Specification D1193.5.3 Sodium Sulfate (Na2SO4)Check the water content by loss on ignition each time the solution is prepared. Any anhydrousor hydrated sodium sulfate may be used if the water content of the salt is checked by loss on i
26、gnition and proper corrections madeto account for the specified sulfate concentration.5.4 Sulfate SolutionEach litre of solution shall contain 50.0 g of Na2SO4 dissolved in 900 mL of water, and shall be dilutedwith additional distilled or deionized water to obtain 1.0 L of solution. Mix the solution
27、 on the day before use, cover, and storeat 23.0 6 2.0 C 2.0C 73.5 6 3.5 F. 3.5F. Determine the pH of the solution before use; reject the solution if the pH rangeis outside 6.0 to 8.0. Maintain the volume proportion of sulfate solution to mortar bars in a storage container at 4.0 6 0.5 volumesof solu
28、tion to 1 volume of mortar bars. For mortar bars 1 by 1 by 1114 in. (volume of 184 mL 11.25 in.3), this is 645 to 830 mLof solution per mortar bar in the storage container. For mortar bars 25 by 25 by 285 mm (volume 178 mL), this is 625 to 800 mLof solution per mortar bar in the storage container.5.
29、5 Materials:5.5.1 Graded Standard Sand, as specified in Specification C778.5.5.2 Stainless Steel Gauge Studs, as specified in Specification C490.3 Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.concrete.org.4 Reagent Chemicals, American Ch
30、emical Society Specifications , American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For Suggestions on the testing of reagents not listed bythe American Chemical Society, see Annual Standards for Laboratory Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia and NationalFormulary, U.
31、S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville, MD.C1012/C1012M 1526. Hazards6.1 WarningFresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue uponprolonged exposure.57. Preparing Mortars7.1 Make mortars as described in Test Method C109/C109M, that is,
32、 1 part cement to 2.75 parts of sand by mass. Use awater-cement ratio by mass of 0.485 for all non-air-entraining portland cements and 0.460 for all air-entraining portland cements.Use a water-cement ratio by mass of 0.485 for non-air-entraining portland-pozzolan (IP)ASTM C595 and portland-blast fur
33、naceorASTM C1157 slag (IS) cements. For blendsmixtures of portland cement with a pozzolan or slag, use a water-cement ratio thatdevelops a flow within 65 of that of the portland-cement mortar at a water-cement ratio of 0.485.8. Specimen Molds and Initial Curing Container8.1 Prepare the specimen mold
34、s in accordance with the requirements of Specification C490 except the interior surfaces of themold shall be covered with a release agent. A release agent will be acceptable if it serves as a parting agent without affecting thesetting of the cement and without leaving any residue that will inhibit t
35、he penetration of water into the specimen.NOTE 1TFE-fluorocarbon tape complies with the requirements for a mold release agent.8.2 Prepare the Curing Container:8.2.1 Prior to molding the test specimen, prepare the initial curing container by placing risers on the bottom of the containerto elevate mol
36、ds above the intended water level. Fill the container with preheated water at 35 6 3C (95 6 5F), making sure thatthe water does not exceed the top of the risers.9. Procedure9.1 Molding and Initial Curing of SpecimensMold the test bars in accordance withTest Method C157/C157M. Mold the cubesin accord
37、ance with Test Method C109/C109M. A set of specimens to test one cementitious product consists of 6 bars and up to21 cubes (Note 2). Immediately after molding cover the molds with a rigid steel, glass, or plastic plate, and place the mold in thecuring container on top of the risers. Cover the contai
38、ner with a lid and seal the lid so as to prevent evaporation and place thecontainer into an oven at 3563C (9565F) for 2312 h630 min.At 2312 h630 min, remove molds from container and demoldthe specimens.NOTE 2The set of cubes consists of 21 cubes to be tested as described herein when significant info
39、rmation on the strength development rate is notavailable. When information is available (as for example, from the use of the procedures of Test Method C917) that would justify making fewer cubes,only those needed to confirm the time the mortar achieves 20.0 6 1.0 MPa 3000 6 150 psi are needed.9.2 Su
40、bsequent Curing and Preparation for TestAfter demolding, store all bars and cubes, except the two to be tested, in acuring tank of saturated limewater at 23.0 6 2.0 C 2.0C 73.5 6 3.5 F. 3.5F. Test two cubes in compression in accordancewith Test Method C109/C109M after demolding when the specimens ha
41、ve cooled to ambient temperature under moist cloths. Ifthe mean strength of the two cubes is 20 MPa 2850 psi or more, observe and record comparator readings in accordance withSpecification C490 and as prescribed in the section on Measurements of Length Change and place all the bars in the sulfatesol
42、ution. If 20 MPa 2850 psi is not achieved, store the demolded cubes and mortar bars in the curing tank and test additionalcubes (see Note 3). Predict from the first two cubes when a compressive strength of at least 20 MPa 2850 psi will be reached.Verify the prediction, and at that time observe and r
43、ecord comparator readings and place all the bars in the sulfate solution (Note3). This measurement is designated as the initial length. The storage temperature and test temperature shall be 23.0 6 2.0 C 2.0C73.5 6 3.5F.NOTE 3If the value for strength at 24 h is less than 20.0 MPa 2850 psi and additi
44、onal testing on the same day is not possible, or, is unlikely to yielda value over 20.0 MPa 2850 psi and the strength is over 21 MPa 3150 psi when tested early the next day, it is not necessary to remake the batch. Ifthe two cubes do not meet the required strength, continue curing the cubes and bars
45、 as referenced in 9.2. in a curing tank of saturated limewater at 23.06 2.0C 73.5 6 3.5F9.3 Storage of Test Bars during Exposure to Test SolutionCover the container of the bars and test solution, and seal it toprevent evaporation from the inside, or dilution with water from the outside. (See Note 4.
46、) The storage temperature and testtemperature shall be 23.0 6 2.0 C 2.0C 73.5 6 3.5 F. 3.5F. (See Note 5.)NOTE 4Gaffers tape or duct tape has been found to be suitable for sealing the container.NOTE 5This is the same temperature and temperature range as that specified for moist rooms in Specificatio
47、n C511.9.4 Measurements of Length ChangeAt 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 13, and 15 weeks after the bars are placed in the sulfate solution, testthem for length change using the length comparator in accordance with Specification C490. Review the data at 15 weeks. Makethe subsequent measurements at 4, 6, 9, and 12
48、months. If at any time the rate of change between readings is great, insert other5 See Manual of Cement Testing, Section on Safety, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.C1012/C1012M 153readings as needed to ensure the intervals are short enough to permit observing and reporting the behavior of t
49、he bars. Ifcompliance with ACI C201-2R-01 Class 3 exposure is required, measure the bars at 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 months (Note 6).NOTE 6ACI C201-2R-01 requires an 18-month limit for Class 3 exposure.9.4.1 Details of Measurement of Bars for Length Change:9.4.1.1 Clean the hole in the base of the comparator into which the gauge stud on the lower end of the bar fits (this hole tendsto collect water and sand and should be cleaned after every reading). Read and record the comparator indication of the leng
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