1、Designation: C1090 10Standard Test Method forMeasuring Changes in Height of Cylindrical Specimens ofHydraulic-Cement Grout1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1090; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, t
2、he year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers measurement of the changes inheight of hydraulic-cement grout by the use of 75 by
3、150-mm(3 by 6-in.) cylinders, when the cylinders are protected so thatthe tendency to change in height does not include evaporationso as to cause drying, uptake of moisture, carbonation, orexposure to temperatures outside the range 23 6 2.0 C (73 63 F) or, optionally, to another specified temperatur
4、e controlledwithin 6 2.0 C (6 3 F).1.2 If desired, this test method can be adapted to studies ofchanges in height involving either schedules or environmentaltreatment different from the standard procedures prescribed bythis test method.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestand
5、ard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenc
6、ed Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesC172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed ConcreteC219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic CementC305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic CementPastes and Mortars of Plastic ConsistencyC511 Specificati
7、on for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in theTesting of Hydraulic Cements and ConcretesC670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsC827 Test Method for Change in Height at Early Ages ofCylindrical Specimen
8、s of Cementitious MixturesC939 Test Method for Flow of Grout for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete (Flow Cone Method)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, referto Terminologies C125 and C219.3.2 Definition of Term Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 change in
9、heighteither an increase or decrease in thevertical dimension of a test specimen, provided the change hasbeen caused by factors other than externally applied forces,changes in ambient temperature not conforming to the speci-fied range, drying caused by evaporation, carbonation, oruptake of moisture.
10、4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is intended to provide a means ofassessing the ability of a hydraulic-cement grout to retain astable volume during the stipulated testing period of 28 days,provided that the tendency to change height does not includethe effects of drying caused by evaporat
11、ion, uptake of moisture,carbonation, or exposure to temperatures outside the range 23.06 2.0 C (73 6 3 F) (Note 1). An exception is made when theoptions described in the section on test conditions are exer-cised.NOTE 1This test method does not measure the change in heightbefore hardening (see Test M
12、ethod C827).5. Apparatus5.1 Cylinder Molds steel cylindrical molds with minimumwall thickness of 6 mm (14 in.) fitted with clamp assemblies forclosing, 75 mm (3 in.) 6 1 % in inside diameter by 150 mm (6in.) 6 2 % in height (Note 2), fitted with a removable 6-mm(14-in.) steel base plate that can be
13、clamped in place with thecylinder molds, top edge machined to a narrow rim as shownin Fig. 1.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.68 on Volume Change.Current edition approved June 15,
14、2010. Published July 2010. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C109001(2005)1.DOI: 10.1520/C1090-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume info
15、rmation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.NOTE 2Satisfactory molds can be made from leng
16、ths of steel tubingor pipe that is slit on one side parallel to the longitudinal axis and fittedwith a means of closing the vertical slit as well as a means of attaching abase plate.5.2 Glass Plate approximately 100 mm (4 in.) square by 6mm (14 in.) thick, coated as thinly as possible on one surface
17、with a silicone-base spray or other inert material such asmineral oil, and permitted to dry before use.5.3 Hold-Down Weight having a mass of 1.5 kg (3 lb.) 61%.5.4 designed to support and hold one cylinder in a level,firm position (Fig. 2), with steel rods, and a top made ofnoncorroding metal, not m
18、ore than 1 mm (364 in.) larger thanthe diameter of the measuring shaft of the micrometer depthgage, and numbered 1 to 4 (Note 3).NOTE 3The four holes should be 30 6 2mm(114 6116 in.) from thecenter of the hold-down device.5.5 Micrometer Depth Gage having a range from 25 to 50mm. (1.000 to 2.000 in)
19、graduated in units not larger than 0.02mm (0.001 in.) (Note 4).NOTE 4The diameter of the shaft of the depth micrometer should be3.0 6 0.4 mm (18 6164 in.).5.6 Outside Micrometer Caliper, used to measure the thick-ness of the plate, with a capacity of at least 12 mm (12 in.) andgraduated in units not
20、 larger than 0.02 mm (0.001 in.) havingthroat depth of at least 50 mm (2.0 in.).5.7 Tamping Rod, a straight steel rod with at least thetamping end rounded to a hemispherical tip of the samediameter as the rod, 10 mm (38 in.) in diameter and at last 250mm (10 in.) long.5.8 Mechanical Mixer, as descri
21、bed in Practice C305 (Note5).NOTE 5This mixer has clearances between paddle and bowl that aresuitable only for mortars made with fine aggregates that are finer than the850-m (No. 20) sieve. Mortars made with aggregates containing particlescoarser than the 850-m sieve may require special clearance or
22、 a differenttype of paddle to permit the mixer to operate freely and avoid damage tothe paddle and bowl.6. Preparation of Sample6.1 Take a sample of the freshly mixed grout to be testedeither in accordance with Practice C172 or prepared in suffi-cient quantity to permit molding at least one test spe
23、cimen forheight-change measurements and such additional tests as maybe required or specified.6.2 If the grout to be tested is blended from individualcomponents, mix in accordance with Practice C305 (Note 6). Ifthe grout is made using a packaged product, proceed asfollows, unless otherwise recommende
24、d by the manufacturer.6.2.1 Use 3000 to 3500 g of dry material as required and theproportionate amount of water required for the test. Recordamounts used.6.2.2 Place mixing water in mixing bowl.6.2.3 Add dry material during the first 30-s period whilemixing at slow speed, 140 6 5 r/min.6.2.4 Continu
25、e mixing for 3 min, stopping the mixer for notover 15 s after 1 min to scrape down into the batch any groutthat may have collected on the side of the bowl.FIG. 1 Cylinder Mold with Machined (Tapered) Top EdgeNOTE 1All parts of this bridge shall be made of a noncorroding metal.NOTE 2The diameter of t
26、he measuring shaft of the depth micrometershall be 3.0 6 0.4 mm (18 6164 in. The four holes should be 25 6 1mm(1 6116 in. from the center of the cylinder as shown in Fig. 1.FIG. 2 Dimensions of Micrometer BridgeC1090 102NOTE 6If the grout contains fine aggregate, the mixing procedure formortar is ap
27、plicable; if it does not, that for paste is applicable.6.3 Cast the sample and lock the glass plate, micrometerbridge, top plate, plunger, and weight into position within 4min after completion of mixing. Complete the initial measure-ments within 3 min after completion of these operations.6.4 If it i
28、s required or desired to cast the specimen after alonger holding period, continue mixing of either the whole orremaining portion, as appropriate, at slow speed for thespecified time and the sample cast, apparatus locked, and takeinitial measurements within 3 min after completion of theseoperations.7
29、. Preparation of Apparatus7.1 Coat the exterior seams of the cylinder mold and theexterior joint between the mold and the base plate with meltedparaffin wax. Coat the interior of the cylinder mold and baseplate lightly with mineral oil (Note 7). Attach the mold to themicrometer bridge.NOTE 7The exte
30、rior of the mold and the base plate may be coatedwith paraffin wax to facilitate cleanup after completion of the test.8. Conditioning8.1 Keep the air temperature at 23 6 2C(736 3 F), anda relative humidity of not less than 50 %. Store the testspecimen at a temperature of 23 6 2 C for the duration of
31、 thetest, unless otherwise specified. When it is desired to test theheight change of material that is permitted to be used in thefield at temperatures either below or above 23 6 2 C, use suchother temperatures controlled to 62 C (3 F) throughoutinstead of 23 6 2 C. Record the temperature of the mixi
32、ngwater, other materials, and of the mixture immediately aftermixing is completed. Store the height-change apparatus in airat the desired test storage temperature within 62 C beforecasting the specimen.8.2 Protect the test specimen from loss of moisture, absorp-tion of moisture, or reaction with car
33、bon dioxide for theduration of the test. Store the specimen in the moist room or inlaboratory air described as follows: Under either condition, thespecimen shall remain protected at all times during the test for28 days except during removal of the glass plate and the takingof measurements.8.2.1 Mois
34、t Room StorageImmediately after taking theinitial measurements, cover the plunger and bridge apparatuswith a plastic bag previously fitted and cut to a length thatextends downward to the midpoint of the specimen mold toprevent water from dripping on the bridge, glass plate, orspecimen. Then carefull
35、y place the specimen in a moist roomor moist cabinet meeting the requirements of SpecificationC511.8.2.2 Laboratory Air StoragePrior to casting the testspecimen, place the entire apparatus in a prefitted plastic bagjust large enough to be gathered and tied above the plunger andbridge. Roll down or c
36、ollapse the bag so as not to interfere withthe casting operation. Immediately after taking the initialmeasurement, place a damp, but not dripping, towel around theoutside of the lower portion of the four posts supporting thebridge, inside the plastic bag. The towel shall extend upward,but not to mor
37、e than half the height of the cylinder. Gather andtie the plastic bag just above the plunger and bridge.8.2.3 Subsequent StorageIf after 28-days storage, as pre-viously described, it is desired to observe height change whileallowing some drying or carbonation, or both, to occur, removethe specimen f
38、rom the moist room, or from being protected bythe plastic bag and damp towels, exposed to air at 50 6 4%relative humidity and at the same temperature at which the testwas previously maintained.9. Procedure9.1 Place the apparatus on a smooth, horizontal surface,which is free of vibration or disturban
39、ce. Remove the top of thebridge after it has been pre-leveled parallel to the top of themold rim by using the four lower nuts.9.2 Determine consistency in accordance with Test MethodC827. Consider mixtures having a flow of less than 100 % as“stiff plastic;” those having flows between 100 and 125 % a
40、reconsidered “plastic.” A “flowable” mixture shall have a flowbetween 125 and 145 % when tested in accordance with TestMethod C827, but not less than 30 s when tested in accordancewith Test Method C939. A “fluid” mixture shall have a flow of10 to 30 s when tested in accordance with Test Method C939.
41、9.3 When testing a material that does not flow easily into themold, fill by using three equal layers, rod each layer 15 timeswith the tamping rod. When testing materials that flow easilyinto the mold, fill the mold and tap the side of the mold lightlythree times with the tamping rod. Use sufficient
42、material so thatafter consolidation the mold is slightly overfilled.9.4 Carefully place the coated surface of the glass plate ontop of the test specimen as follows: Hold the plate, coated sidedown, with the index finger placed in the center and the thumband other fingers on two opposite edges. Bring
43、 the plate, heldat an angle of approximately 45, to the beveled edge of thecylinder mold at a point 12 mm (12 in.) from the lower edge ofthe plate. Using this contact point as a fixed hinge, lower theplate in a single motion until the excess material is extrudedand full contact with the rim is estab
44、lished. Neither slide noruse the glass plate in a screeding motion, as this will eithersmear the material on the glass or cover voids, thus makingtheir detection at this time difficult. After placing the glassplate, maintain contact between the plate and the rim until theplunger and weight have been
45、 placed.9.4.1 Quickly examine the grout surface through the glassplate for voids. If there is an area larger than 3.2 mm (18 in.) indiameter which lacks contact with the plate, discard the entiretest specimen (Note 8).NOTE 8In order to keep rejected test specimens to a minimum,operators conducting t
46、his operation for the first time have found it helpfulto practice several times placing the plate on a cylinder filled with aneasily available plain mortar before starting the test.9.5 Immediately after placing the glass plate, place thepreleveled top plate of the micrometer bridge in position,tight
47、en wing nuts, and lower the plunger of the hold-downdevice until it makes contact with the top surface of the glassplate. To ensure firm contact between the plunger and the plate,place a 1.5-kg (3-lb) mass on the top of the plunger prior to thetightening of the setscrew of the plunger. Following the
48、C1090 103tightening of the setscrew, remove the mass and immediatelyinsert the depth micrometer shaft through the four holes locatedon the top plate of the bridge until the finger rests are in fullcontact with it. Turn the shaft down and determine four initialmeasurements from this surface to the to
49、p surface of the glassplate covering the cylinder mold. Make measurements to thenearest 0.02 mm (0.001 in.). Calculate the average; do notround the numerical value. While the shaft is still touching theglass plate, use a glass marker to make a circle around thecontact areas as the points at which later plate-thicknessmeasurements will be taken.9.6 Release the plunger and remove the glass plate from thetop of the test specimen 24 612 h after starting the mixing.9.7 Immediately after removal, measure the thickness of theglass plate at
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