1、Designation: C 1105 08aStandard Test Method forLength Change of Concrete Due to Alkali-Carbonate RockReaction1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1105; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination, by measure-ment of length change of concrete prisms, the susceptibility ofc
3、ement-aggregate combinations to expansive alkali-carbonatereaction involving hydroxide ions associated with alkalies(sodium and potassium) and certain calcitic dolomites anddolomitic limestones.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. No other units of measurement are inc
4、luded in thisstandard. When combined standards are cited, the selection ofmeasurement system is at the users discretion subject to therequirements of the referenced standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibil
5、ity of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and ConcreteAggreg
6、atesC 150 Specification for Portland CementC 157/C 157M Test Method for Length Change of Hard-ened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and ConcreteC 233 Test Method for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-creteC 294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Con-crete AggregatesC 295 Guide for Petrographic Exam
7、ination of Aggregatesfor ConcreteC 490 Practice for Use of Apparatus for the Determinationof Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste, Mortar, andConcreteC511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in theTesting of Hydraulic Cements and ConcretesC 586
8、Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Car-bonate Rocks as Concrete Aggregates (Rock-CylinderMethod)C 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsC 702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Agg
9、regate toTesting SizeD75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates3. Terminology3.1 Terminology used in this standard is defined in Termi-nology C 125 or Descriptive Nomenclature C 294.4. Significance and Use4.1 Two types of alkali reactivity of aggregates have beendescribed in the literature: the alkali-sil
10、ica reaction involvingcertain siliceous rocks, minerals, and artificial glasses (1),3andthe alkali-carbonate reaction involving dolomite in certaincalcitic dolomites and dolomitic limestones (2). This testmethod is not recommended as a means to detect combinationssusceptible to expansion due to alka
11、li-silica reaction since itwas not evaluated for this use in the work reported by Buck (2).This test method is not applicable to aggregates that do notcontain or consist of carbonate rock (see Descriptive Nomen-clature C 294).4.2 This test method is intended for evaluating the behaviorof specific co
12、mbinations of concrete-making materials to beused in the work. However, provisions are made for the use ofsubstitute materials when required. This test method assessesthe potential for expansion of concrete caused by alkali-carbonate rock reaction from tests performed under prescribed1This test meth
13、od is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.26 on Chemical Reactions.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originallyapproved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C 11
14、05 08.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list
15、of references at the end ofthis test method.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.laboratory curing conditions that will probably differ from fieldconditions
16、. Thus, actual field performance will not be dupli-cated due to differences in wetting and drying, temperature,other factors, or combinations of these (see Appendix X1).4.3 Use of this test method is of particular value whensamples of aggregate from a source have been determined tocontain constituen
17、ts that are regarded as capable of participa-tion in a potentially deleterious alkali-carbonate rock reactioneither by petrographic examination, Guide C 295, by the rockcylinder test, Test Method C 586, by service record; or by acombination of these.4.4 Results of tests conducted as described herein
18、 shouldform a part of the basis for a decision as to whether precautionsbe taken against excessive expansion due to alkali-carbonaterock reaction. This decision should be made before a particularcement-aggregate combination is used in concrete construction(see Note 1).NOTE 1Other elements that may b
19、e included in the decision-makingprocess for categorizing an aggregate or a cement-aggregate combinationwith respect to whether precautions are needed, and examples of precau-tions that may be taken, are described in Appendix X1.4.5 While the basic intent of this test method is to developinformation
20、 on a particular cement-aggregate combination, itwill usually be very useful to conduct control tests in parallelusing the aggregate of interest with other cements or thecement of interest with other aggregates.5. Apparatus5.1 The molds, the associated items for molding test speci-mens, and the leng
21、th comparator for measuring length changeshall conform to the applicable requirements of Test MethodC 157/C 157M and Practice C 490, and the molds shall havenominal 75-mm square cross sections.6. Materials6.1 Maximum Size of Coarse AggregateCoarse-aggregatefractions larger than the 19.0-mm sieve sha
22、ll not be tested assuch. When petrographic examination using Guide C 295reveals that the material making up the size fractions largerthan the 19.0-mm sieve is of such a composition and lithologythat no differences should be expected compared with thesmaller size material to be tested, or when tests,
23、 made inaccordance with Test Method C 586, of material in such sizesreveal no significant differences from the sizes to be tested,then no further attention need be paid to the larger sizes. Ifresults of petrographic examination or tests made in accor-dance with Test Method C 586 suggest that the lar
24、ger sizematerial should be studied for its effects in concrete, one or theother of two alternative procedures described herein may beused.6.1.1 Proportional TestingMaterial larger than the19.0-mm sieve shall be crushed to pass the 19.0-mm sieve andmaterial larger than the 4.75-mm sieve shall be prop
25、ortioned toinclude the same proportion by mass of the crushed materialoriginally retained on the 19.0-mm sieve and that originallypassing this sieve, as may be expected to be used in the fieldconcrete.6.1.2 Separated Size TestingMaterial larger than the19.0-mm sieve shall be crushed to pass this sie
26、ve and shall beused in concrete as a second aggregate.6.1.2.1 In the case of construction where several size rangescoarser than the 19.0-mm sieve are contemplated, each of thesemay, if desired, be separately crushed to pass this sieve andmay be tested separately.6.2 Job CementWhen it is desired to e
27、valuate a particularcement-aggregate combination for use in particular work, thecement or cements used shall meet the requirements for thework and shall be from the source or sources and in theamounts expected to be used in the work. If several cementsmay be used in the work, it is desirable that te
28、sts be made usingeach cement separately.6.3 Reference CementsWhen it is desired to evaluateaggregates for general use or to compare aggregates forinvestigational purposes, the cement used shall be of thehighest alkali content representative of the general use in-tended, or available to the laborator
29、y making the tests. Thecement or cements selected should comply with SpecificationC 150 or Specification C 595. Additional information of valuemay be obtained by conducting parallel tests with cements ofdifferent alkali content, of different sodium oxide to potassiumoxide ratio, or blended with pozz
30、olan or ground blast-furnaceslag, or both.6.4 Substitute Fine AggregateIf the test aggregate is to beused only as coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate that it willbe used with is not available, a fine aggregate that is notexpected to participate in an expansive reaction with alkalies(see Note 2)
31、shall be used.NOTE 2Advice on judging the expansive reactivity of aggregate isgiven in Appendix XI of Specification C33.7. Sampling7.1 Obtain the sample in accordance with Practice D75andreduce it to test portion size in accordance with Practice C 702.8. Test Specimens8.1 Prepare six specimens, of t
32、he type required for concreteTest Method C 157/C 157M, from one batch of concrete. Theconcrete mixture shall be the mixture in which the aggregatesare proposed for use. In the event that no specific concretemixture is being considered, that described in Test MethodC 233 shall be used.8.2 If control
33、or comparison mixtures are made, specimensshall be made from those mixtures as described in 8.1.9. Conditioning9.1 Cure, store, and remove molds in accordance with TestMethod C 157/C 157M. Thereafter, keep the specimens inmoist storage in accordance with Specification C511but donot immerse in water.
34、10. Procedure10.1 Follow the procedure of Test Method C 157/C 157M,except that the specimens shall be stored in a moist room ormoist cabinet meeting the requirements of Specification C511and length measurements shall be made at ages 7, 28, and 56days, and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.C 1105 08a211. Calcul
35、ation11.1 Calculate the change in length of each of the prisms ateach of the ages at which determinations are made and expressas a percentage change based on the length at the time ofremoval from the mold at an age of 2312 612 h. Calculate theaverage length change in percentage for the group of pris
36、ms.11.2 Data from at least three bars must be available at anyage to constitute a valid test at that age.12. Report12.1 Report the following information:12.1.1 Pertinent details about materials and mixtures used,12.1.2 The length change in percentage for each specimenand for the group of prisms at e
37、ach test age, and12.1.3 Description of the circumstances under which resultson any one of the specimens are not included in the average.13. Precision and Bias413.1 Precision:13.1.1 Single-Operator PrecisionThe precision statementis based on calculations made using data reported by Buck (2).The parti
38、cular within-laboratory variability for which precisionis reported was obtained by a single operator, using the samematerials and equipment over a short period of time. Thesingle-operator standard deviation (1sA) does not vary appre-ciably with age over the range of 90 through 365 days.Standard devi
39、ation varies with the magnitude of the expansiondescribed as follows:Average % Expansion0.040 % $0.040 %Single-operator standard deviation (1s) amongindividual bars0.003 % 0.005 %Maximum difference (d2sA) between extremevalues within a set of bars in a properlyconducted test should not exceed:number
40、 of bars in set6 0.013 % 0.021 %5 0.012 % 0.020 %4 0.012 % 0.019 %3 0.011 % 0.017 %Calculated expected 1S associated with a meanof 3 bars0.002 % 0.003 %Maximum permissible difference between twosuch means in properly conducted tests shouldnot exceed0.005 % 0.008 %AAs described in Practice C 670.13.1
41、.2 Multilaboratory PrecisionIn studies involving 12and 20 laboratories (8,9), testing three specimens rather thanthe six specified in this test method, and testing nominal 19 mmmaximum size coarse aggregates known to be susceptible toalkalicarbonate rock reaction, in concrete mixtures with acement c
42、ontent of 310 kg/m3, the multilaboratory precisionwas found to be as follows:13.1.2.1 For concrete with an average expansion less than0.014 % the multilaboratory standard deviation of a single testresult (mean of measurements on three prisms) for averageexpansion less than 0.014 % has been found to
43、be 0.0032 %.Therefore, results of two properly conducted tests in differentlaboratories using the same aggregate should not differ by morethan 0.009 %.513.1.2.2 For concrete with an average expansion greaterthan 0.014 % the multilaboratory coefficient of variation of asingle test result (mean of mea
44、surements on three prisms) foraverage expansion greater than 0.014 % has been found to be23 %. Therefore, results of two properly conducted tests indifferent laboratories using the same aggregate should notdiffer from each other by more than 65 % of their average.513.2 BiasA statement on bias has no
45、t been developedsince no reference materials are available.APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. GENERAL INFORMATIONX1.1 The question of whether or not criterion based on theresults obtained using this test method should be used foracceptance of materials for use as concrete aggregate will bedealt w
46、ith, if deemed appropriate, in Specification C33.X1.2 Work has been reported from which it may be inferredthat a cement-aggregate combination might reasonably beclassified as potentially deleteriously reactive if the averageexpansion of six concrete specimens is equal to or greater than:0.015 % at 3
47、 months; 0.025 % at 6 months; or 0.030 % at 1year (1,2). Data for later ages are preferred but the 3-month or6-month average may be used if necessary.X1.3 If this test method has been performed on a cement-aggregate combination involving an aggregate that has notbeen examined petrographically using
48、Practice C 295, or thathas not been measured by the rock prism expansion in TestMethod C 586, it is recommended that one or both of those4Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR: C09-1002.5These numbers represent, respect
49、ively, the (1s %) and (d2s %) limits asdescribed in Practice C 670.C 1105 08a3procedures be performed.X1.4 When it has been concluded from the results of testsperformed using this test method and supplementary informa-tion from petrographic examination, rock-prism testing, servicerecords, or combinations of these, that a given cement-aggregate combination is potentially deleteriously expansive,additional studies may be appropriate to develop informationon the potential expansion of other combinations containingthe same cement with other aggregates, the same aggregate
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