1、Designation: C1105 08a (Reapproved 2016)Standard Test Method forLength Change of Concrete Due to Alkali-Carbonate RockReaction1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1105; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisio
2、n, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination, by measure-ment of length change of concrete prisms, the su
3、sceptibility ofcement-aggregate combinations to expansive alkali-carbonatereaction involving hydroxide ions associated with alkalies(sodium and potassium) and certain calcitic dolomites anddolomitic limestones.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. No other units of mea
4、surement are included in thisstandard. When combined standards are cited, the selection ofmeasurement system is at the users discretion subject to therequirements of the referenced standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It i
5、s theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and
6、 Concrete Ag-gregatesC150 Specification for Portland CementC157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of HardenedHydraulic-Cement Mortar and ConcreteC233 Test Method for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-creteC294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Con-crete AggregatesC295 Guide for Petrogra
7、phic Examination of Aggregates forConcreteC490 Practice for Use of Apparatus for the Determination ofLength Change of Hardened Cement Paste, Mortar, andConcreteC511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in theTesting of Hydraulic Cements and Concret
8、esC586 Test Method for PotentialAlkali Reactivity of Carbon-ate Rocks as Concrete Aggregates (Rock-CylinderMethod)C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsC702 Practice for Reducing Samples ofA
9、ggregate to TestingSizeD75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates3. Terminology3.1 Terminology used in this standard is defined in Termi-nology C125 or Descriptive Nomenclature C294.4. Significance and Use4.1 Two types of alkali reactivity of aggregates have beendescribed in the literature: the alkali-sil
10、ica reaction involvingcertain siliceous rocks, minerals, and artificial glasses (1),3andthe alkali-carbonate reaction involving dolomite in certaincalcitic dolomites and dolomitic limestones (2). This testmethod is not recommended as a means to detect combinationssusceptible to expansion due to alka
11、li-silica reaction since itwas not evaluated for this use in the work reported by Buck (2).This test method is not applicable to aggregates that do notcontain or consist of carbonate rock (see Descriptive Nomen-clature C294).4.2 This test method is intended for evaluating the behaviorof specific com
12、binations of concrete-making materials to beused in the work. However, provisions are made for the use ofsubstitute materials when required. This test method assessesthe potential for expansion of concrete caused by alkali-carbonate rock reaction from tests performed under prescribedlaboratory curin
13、g conditions that will probably differ from field1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.26 on Chemical Reactions.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016. Published December 2016. Originally
14、approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C1105 08a. DOI:10.1520/C1105-08AR16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Docume
15、nt Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis test method.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. U
16、nited StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barri
17、ers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1conditions. Thus, actual field performance will not be dupli-cated due to differences in wetting and drying, temperature,other factors, or combinations of these (see Appendix X1).4.3 Use of this test method is of particular value whensamples of aggregate from a source h
18、ave been determined tocontain constituents that are regarded as capable of participa-tion in a potentially deleterious alkali-carbonate rock reactioneither by petrographic examination, Guide C295, by the rockcylinder test, Test Method C586, by service record; or by acombination of these.4.4 Results
19、of tests conducted as described herein shouldform a part of the basis for a decision as to whether precautionsbe taken against excessive expansion due to alkali-carbonaterock reaction. This decision should be made before a particularcement-aggregate combination is used in concrete construction(see N
20、ote 1).NOTE 1Other elements that may be included in the decision-makingprocess for categorizing an aggregate or a cement-aggregate combinationwith respect to whether precautions are needed, and examples of precau-tions that may be taken, are described in Appendix X1.4.5 While the basic intent of thi
21、s test method is to developinformation on a particular cement-aggregate combination, itwill usually be very useful to conduct control tests in parallelusing the aggregate of interest with other cements or thecement of interest with other aggregates.5. Apparatus5.1 The molds, the associated items for
22、 molding testspecimens, and the length comparator for measuring lengthchange shall conform to the applicable requirements of TestMethod C157/C157M and Practice C490, and the molds shallhave nominal 75-mm square cross sections.6. Materials6.1 Maximum Size of Coarse AggregateCoarse-aggregatefractions
23、larger than the 19.0-mm sieve shall not be tested assuch. When petrographic examination using Guide C295reveals that the material making up the size fractions largerthan the 19.0-mm sieve is of such a composition and lithologythat no differences should be expected compared with thesmaller size mater
24、ial to be tested, or when tests, made inaccordance with Test Method C586, of material in such sizesreveal no significant differences from the sizes to be tested,then no further attention need be paid to the larger sizes. Ifresults of petrographic examination or tests made in accor-dance with Test Me
25、thod C586 suggest that the larger sizematerial should be studied for its effects in concrete, one or theother of two alternative procedures described herein may beused.6.1.1 Proportional TestingMaterial larger than the19.0-mm sieve shall be crushed to pass the 19.0-mm sieve andmaterial larger than t
26、he 4.75-mm sieve shall be proportioned toinclude the same proportion by mass of the crushed materialoriginally retained on the 19.0-mm sieve and that originallypassing this sieve, as may be expected to be used in the fieldconcrete.6.1.2 Separated Size TestingMaterial larger than the19.0-mm sieve sha
27、ll be crushed to pass this sieve and shall beused in concrete as a second aggregate.6.1.2.1 In the case of construction where several size rangescoarser than the 19.0-mm sieve are contemplated, each of thesemay, if desired, be separately crushed to pass this sieve andmay be tested separately.6.2 Job
28、 CementWhen it is desired to evaluate a particularcement-aggregate combination for use in particular work, thecement or cements used shall meet the requirements for thework and shall be from the source or sources and in theamounts expected to be used in the work. If several cementsmay be used in the
29、 work, it is desirable that tests be made usingeach cement separately.6.3 Reference CementsWhen it is desired to evaluateaggregates for general use or to compare aggregates forinvestigational purposes, the cement used shall be of thehighest alkali content representative of the general useintended, o
30、r available to the laboratory making the tests. Thecement or cements selected should comply with SpecificationC150 or Specification C595. Additional information of valuemay be obtained by conducting parallel tests with cements ofdifferent alkali content, of different sodium oxide to potassiumoxide r
31、atio, or blended with pozzolan or ground blast-furnaceslag, or both.6.4 Substitute Fine AggregateIf the test aggregate is to beused only as coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate that it willbe used with is not available, a fine aggregate that is notexpected to participate in an expansive reaction
32、with alkalies(see Note 2) shall be used.NOTE 2Advice on judging the expansive reactivity of aggregate isgiven in Appendix XI of Specification C33.7. Sampling7.1 Obtain the sample in accordance with Practice D75 andreduce it to test portion size in accordance with Practice C702.8. Test Specimens8.1 P
33、repare six specimens, of the type required for concreteTest Method C157/C157M, from one batch of concrete. Theconcrete mixture shall be the mixture in which the aggregatesare proposed for use. In the event that no specific concretemixture is being considered, that described in Test MethodC233 shall
34、be used.8.2 If control or comparison mixtures are made, specimensshall be made from those mixtures as described in 8.1.9. Conditioning9.1 Cure, store, and remove molds in accordance with TestMethod C157/C157M. Thereafter, keep the specimens in moiststorage in accordance with Specification C511 but d
35、o notimmerse in water.10. Procedure10.1 Follow the procedure of Test Method C157/C157M,except that the specimens shall be stored in a moist room ormoist cabinet meeting the requirements of Specification C511C1105 08a (2016)2and length measurements shall be made at ages 7, 28, and 56days, and 3, 6, 9
36、, and 12 months.11. Calculation11.1 Calculate the change in length of each of the prisms ateach of the ages at which determinations are made and expressas a percentage change based on the length at the time ofremoval from the mold at an age of 2312 612 h. Calculate theaverage length change in percen
37、tage for the group of prisms.11.2 Data from at least three bars must be available at anyage to constitute a valid test at that age.12. Report12.1 Report the following information:12.1.1 Pertinent details about materials and mixtures used,12.1.2 The length change in percentage for each specimenand fo
38、r the group of prisms at each test age, and12.1.3 Description of the circumstances under which resultson any one of the specimens are not included in the average.13. Precision and Bias413.1 Precision:13.1.1 Single-Operator PrecisionThe precision statementis based on calculations made using data repo
39、rted by Buck (2).The particular within-laboratory variability for which precisionis reported was obtained by a single operator, using the samematerials and equipment over a short period of time. Thesingle-operator standard deviation (1sA) does not vary appre-ciably with age over the range of 90 thro
40、ugh 365 days.Standard deviation varies with the magnitude of the expansiondescribed as follows:Average % Expansion0.040 % $0.040 %Single-operator standard deviation (1s) amongindividual bars0.003 % 0.005 %Maximum difference (d2sA) between extremevalues within a set of bars in a properlyconducted tes
41、t should not exceed:number of bars in set6 0.013 % 0.021 %5 0.012 % 0.020 %4 0.012 % 0.019 %3 0.011 % 0.017 %Calculated expected 1S associated with a meanof 3 bars0.002 % 0.003 %Maximum permissible difference between twosuch means in properly conducted tests shouldnot exceed0.005 % 0.008 %AAs descri
42、bed in Practice C670.13.1.2 Multilaboratory PrecisionIn studies involving 12and 20 laboratories (3,4), testing three specimens rather thanthe six specified in this test method, and testing nominal 19 mmmaximum size coarse aggregates known to be susceptible toalkalicarbonate rock reaction, in concret
43、e mixtures with acement content of 310 kg/m3, the multilaboratory precisionwas found to be as follows:13.1.2.1 For concrete with an average expansion less than0.014 % the multilaboratory standard deviation of a single testresult (mean of measurements on three prisms) for averageexpansion less than 0
44、.014 % has been found to be 0.0032 %.Therefore, results of two properly conducted tests in differentlaboratories using the same aggregate should not differ by morethan 0.009 %.513.1.2.2 For concrete with an average expansion greaterthan 0.014 % the multilaboratory coefficient of variation of asingle
45、 test result (mean of measurements on three prisms) foraverage expansion greater than 0.014 % has been found to be23 %. Therefore, results of two properly conducted tests indifferent laboratories using the same aggregate should notdiffer from each other by more than 65 % of their average.513.2 BiasA
46、 statement on bias has not been developedsince no reference materials are available.APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. GENERAL INFORMATIONX1.1 The question of whether or not criterion based on theresults obtained using this test method should be used foracceptance of materials for use as concrete
47、 aggregate will bedealt with, if deemed appropriate, in Specification C33.X1.2 Work has been reported from which it may be inferredthat a cement-aggregate combination might reasonably beclassified as potentially deleteriously reactive if the averageexpansion of six concrete specimens is equal to or
48、greater than:0.015 % at 3 months; 0.025 % at 6 months; or 0.030 % at 1year (1,2). Data for later ages are preferred but the 3-month or6-month average may be used if necessary.X1.3 If this test method has been performed on a cement-aggregate combination involving an aggregate that has notbeen examine
49、d petrographically using Practice C295, or that4Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:C09-1002.5These numbers represent, respectively, the (1s %) and (d2s %) limits asdescribed in Practice C670.C1105 08a (2016)3has not been measured by the rock prism expansion in TestMethod C586, it is recommended that one or both of thoseprocedures be performed.X1.4 When it has been concluded from the results of testsperformed using this test method and supplementary informa-tion from petrographic exami
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