1、Designation: C 1125 89 (Reapproved 2004)e1Standard Test Method forPenetration Index of Asbestos1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1125; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEAsbestos warning was moved from 7.1 to 1.4 in September 2004.1. Scope1.1 To determine the efficiency with which asbestos fibersincrease th
3、e consistency when mixed into a liquid asphalticvehicle, relative to fibers chosen as standard.1.2 This test method is applicable to Quebec StandardGroup 7 asbestos fibers as determined by Test Method D 3639.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in par
4、entheses are for informationonly.1.4 WarningBreathing of asbestos dust is hazardous.Asbestos and asbestos products present demonstrated healthrisks for users and for those with whom they come into contact.In addition to other precautions, when working with asbestos-cement products, minimize the dust
5、 that results. For informa-tion on the safe use of chrysoltile asbestos, refer to “Safe Useof Chrysotile Asbestos: A Manual on Preventive and ControlMeasures.”21.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the use
6、r of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specifichazard warning, see 1.4.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D 217 Test Method for Cone Penetration of LubricatingGreaseD 396 Specific
7、ation for Fuel OilsD 2026 Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Slow CuringType)D 2027 Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Medium CuringType)D 2590 Test Method for Sampling Chrysotile AsbestosD 2946 Terminology Relating to AsbestosD 3639 Test Method for Classification of Asbestos Fibersby Qubec Standard
8、 TestD 3879 Test Method for Sampling Amphibole AsbestosE 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test Methods2.2 Other Standard:Qubec Standard Designation of Chrysotile Asbestos FiberGrades43. Terminology3.13.1.1 DefinitionsRefer to Terminology D 2946.4. Significance and Use4.1 T
9、he objective of the test is to determine what quantity ofthe fiber under evaluation must be mixed with 100 g of cutbackasphalt to give the same penetration as a target penetration.4.2 The target penetration is determined with the samecutback asphalt as used for the test using standard calibratedasbe
10、stos fiber.4.3 This test method determines the efficiency with whichthe asbestos tested will increase the consistency when mixedwith a liquid asphalt.5. Apparatus5.1 PenetrometerCalibrated in 0.1 mm divisions andfitted with a 102.5 6 0.05 g grease penetration cone conform-ing to requirements5stated
11、in Test Method D 217.5.2 Asphalt Sample Cups55 mm in diameter and 35 mmin height, made of seamless tin plate as described in TestMethod D 217.6. Reagents and Materials6.1 Cutback AsphaltContaining non-volatile solvent.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C17 onFiber-Reinforc
12、ed Cement Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC17.03 on AsbestosCement Sheet Products and Accessories.Current edition approved June 1, 2004. Published July 2004. Originally approvedin 1989. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as C 112589 (1999)e1.2Available from The Asbestos
13、Institute, http:/ referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from the Asbestos Institute, 1130 She
14、rbrooke St. West, Suite 410,Montreal, QC Canada H3A 2M8.5An automatic clutch is a permissible optional accessory.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.NOTE 1Cutback asphalt SC-70 specified in Specification D 2026, orMC-0 cu
15、tback asphalt specified in Specification D 2027, have been foundsatisfactory.NOTE 2The workability of the above cutback asphalts can be im-proved by dilution with No. 2 fuel oil as specified in Specification D 396,up to a proportion of13 with SC-70 or15 with MC-0, by weight.6.2 Standardized Asbestos
16、 FiberOf known penetrationindex.67. Hazards7.1 Warning1.4.8. Sampling, Test Specimens and Test Units8.1 SamplingTake samples in accordance with Test Meth-ods D 2590 in the case of chrysotile asbestos or Test MethodD 3879 in the case of amphibole asbestos.8.2 Test SpecimensThe quantity of asbestos re
17、quired is afunction of its penetration index. The quantity required willusually range between 20 to 100 g for each trial. The numberof trials required is generally five or less. Experienced opera-tors testing known fibers of constant quality can succeed withonly one trial using one specimen. In gene
18、ral, a 500 g sampleshould be ample for all the trials required even under adverseconditions.9. Calibration and Standardization9.1 Insert the shaft of the grease cone into the hollow shaftof the penetrometer and fasten securely. The shaft and movableattachments of the penetrometer weigh 47.5 g and th
19、e greasecone 102.5 g, thus the total moving load is 150 g.9.2 Set the penetrometer to an approximate height to ensurethe sample cup can be positioned under the penetration cone.Determine that the penetrometer is level.9.3 Determine the tare weight of a No. 6 porcelain evapo-rating dish.9.4 Agitate t
20、he cutback asphalt to ensure uniformity.9.5 Weigh out 10 g of cutback asphalt into the evaporatingdish. A teaspoon may be used to adjust the mass.9.6 Weigh out the designated quantity of standardized fiberon top of the cutback asphalt. The designated quantity may bedetermined from the following form
21、ula:Standardized fiber quantity 5 5000/Penetration Index!, in grams9.6.1 Examples:9.6.1.1 If the penetration index is 80, the designated quan-tity is 5000/80 = 62.5 g.9.6.1.2 If the penetration index is 125, the designatedquantity is 5000/125 = 40.0 g.9.7 Mix thoroughly the fiber and asphalt with a
22、spatula.9.8 Fill a sample cup with the mixture, ensuring there are novoids or air pockets. This may be accomplished by adding themixture in four of five increments, filling the bottom cornersfirst, and smoothing the mixture with the spatula, using a rotarymotion, after each addition. Fill level to t
23、op of cup, and strikeit off smooth with the spatula held at an angle to avoid pullingthe surface of the material.9.9 Adjust the penetrometer so that the tip of the greasepenetration cone just touches the surface of the mixture in thecenter of the cup.9.10 Depress the clutch and allow the grease cone
24、 to dropfor exactly 5 s. Record the amount of drop to 0.1 mm.9.11 Reposition the grease cone and remove the cup fromunder the penetrometer. Clean the grease cone. Paper towelsmay be used for this purpose.9.12 Add a small quantity of mix to the contents of thesample cup, 5 to 10 cm3, so as to have an
25、 excess. Using thespatula, remove the top half of the mixture from the sample cupand replace it upside down. Strike off smooth and take anotherreading as in 9.9 to 9.11.9.13 Again add a small quantity of mix to the sample cup soas to have an excess. Using the spatula, remove nearly all of themixture
26、 from the cup and replace it upside down in the cup.Strike off smooth and take another reading as in 9.9 to 9.11.9.14 Compare the three readings and if the variation doesnot exceed 0.4 mm, calculate their average. This average is tobe used as the target penetration against which samples to betested
27、will be compared.NOTE 3If the three readings are not within the allowable variation of0.4 mm, another fresh surface should be turned up and the test repeated.If three of the four readings fall within the allowable variation, those threevalues shall be averaged. If not, the test shall be entirely rep
28、eated using anew mixture.NOTE 4Cups and evaporating dishes may be cleansed with kerosene,and are to be dry when used. Determine the tare weight of the dish for eachtest.10. Procedure10.1 The objective of the test is to determine what quantityof fiber under evaluation must be mixed with 100 g of cutb
29、ackasphalt to give the same penetration as the target penetration.10.2 The final weight of fiber required for determination ofthe penetration index is calculated by interpolation from resultson two different mixtures. These two readings have to be aboveand below the target, and must be within 20 pen
30、etration units(2 mm) from the target.10.3 Mix the cutback asphalt and weigh out 100 g into theevaporating dish.10.4 Weigh out a quantity of the fiber to be tested. If thisfiber is thought to be more absorbent than the standardizedfiber, weigh out a quantity less than the amount of standardizedfiber
31、used. Conversely, if this fiber is thought to be lessabsorbent than the standardized fiber, weigh out a quantitygreater than the amount of standardized fiber used.10.5 Mix and test as for the standard reference fiber.10.6 Repeat with new quantities of fiber until mixes arearrived at which will give
32、within 20 penetration units (2.0 mm)of the target penetration.NOTE 5The test should be performed at room temperature, and theasphalt cutback and fiber should be conditioned to this temperature.NOTE 6The cone should be thoroughly cleaned after each penetration.NOTE 7The calibration and procedure shou
33、ld be performed as acontinuous operation, without delay or interruption, thereby avoiding anyrisk of the mixture thickening due to exposure.NOTE 8The calibration should be repeated daily, or more often iflaboratory conditions change significantly. Each operator who performsthe test must perform his
34、own calibration.6Available at a nominal cost from Centre Spcialis en Technologie Minrale,CEGEP 671 Smith Blvd. South, Thetford Mines, QC Canada G6G 1N1.C 1125 89 (2004)e1211. Calculation or Interpretation of Results11.1 The penetration index is calculated as follows:Penetration index 5 5000/Awhere:A
35、 is the quantity of fiber, in grams, required to give the targetpenetration as described in Section 10.12. Precision and Bias12.1 PrecisionThe single-apparatus multi-operator preci-sion is 69 index units (two sigma limits) as defined in PracticeE 177 over the penetration index range of 50 to 148.12.
36、2 BiasNo justifiable statement on the bias of this testmethod can be made since the true values cannot be establishedby an accepted referee method.13. Keywords13.1 asbestos; asphalt; efficiency; index; penetration; pen-etration index; testASTM International takes no position respecting the validity
37、of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject t
38、o revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters.
39、 Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is
40、copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C 1125 89 (2004)e13
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