1、Designation: C1128 15C1128 18Standard Guide forPreparation of Working Reference Materials for Use inAnalysis of Nuclear Fuel Cycle Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1128; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the c
2、ase of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers the preparation and characterization of working reference materials (WR
3、M) that are produced by alaboratory for its own use in the destructive analysis of nuclear fuel cycle materials. Guidance is provided for proper preparation,packaging, and storage; requirements for characterization; homogeneity and stability considerations; and establishing traceabilityof WRMs to ce
4、rtified reference materials by a defined defined, statistically sound characterization process. The While the guidanceprovided is generic; it is not specific for a given material.generic for nuclear fuel cycle materials, detailed examples for somematerials are provided in the appendixes.1.2 This gui
5、de does not apply to the preparation and characterization of certified reference materials (CRM). Refer to ISO 17034and Guide 35 for those requirements.1.3 The information provided by this guide is found in the following sections:SectionPlanning 6Perform WRM Planning 6Preparation 7Select, Collect, P
6、repare, and ProcessMaterials7Packaging and Storage 8Packaging and Store Materials 8Characterization 9Perform Homogeneity Study 9Statistical Analysis 10Perform Stability Studies 10Documentation 11Characterize Materials 11Perform Uncertainty Analysis 12Produce Documentation 13Carry Out WRM Utilization
7、 andMonitoring141.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No otherAny non-SI units of measurement are included in thisstandard.shown in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its u
8、se. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized
9、 principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C859 Terminology Relating to
10、 Nuclear Materials1 This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.08 on Quality Assurance,Statistical Applications, and Reference Materials.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2015Jan. 1, 2018. Published February 20
11、15January 2018. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 20082015 asC1128 01 (2008).C1128 15. DOI: 10.1520/C1128-15.10.1520/C1128-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
12、Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically poss
13、ible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, We
14、st Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1C1009 Guide for Establishing and Maintaining a Quality Assurance Program for Analytical Laboratories Within the NuclearIndustryC1068 Guide for Qualification of Measurement Methods by a Laboratory Within the Nuclear IndustryC1108 Test Method for Plutonium
15、 by Controlled-Potential CoulometryC1165 Test Method for Determining Plutonium by Controlled-Potential Coulometry in H2SO4 at a Platinum Working ElectrodeC1168 Practice for Preparation and Dissolution of Plutonium Materials for AnalysisC1210 Guide for Establishing a Measurement System Quality Contro
16、l Program for Analytical Chemistry Laboratories Withinthe Nuclear IndustryC1267 Test Method for Uranium by Iron (II) Reduction in Phosphoric Acid Followed by Chromium (VI) Titration in thePresence of VanadiumC1297 Guide for Qualification of Laboratory Analysts for the Analysis of Nuclear Fuel Cycle
17、MaterialsC1347 Practice for Preparation and Dissolution of Uranium Materials for AnalysisC1625 Test Method for Uranium and Plutonium Concentrations and Isotopic Abundances by Thermal Ionization MassSpectrometryC1637 Test Method for the Determination of Impurities in Plutonium Metal: Acid Digestion a
18、nd Inductively CoupledPlasma-Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS) AnalysisC1215C1672 Guide for Preparing and Interpreting Precision and Bias Statements in Test Method Standards Used in the NuclearIndustryTest Method for Determination of Uranium or Plutonium Isotopic Composition or Concentration by the TotalEv
19、aporation Method Using a Thermal Ionization Mass SpectrometerC1689 Practice for Subsampling of Uranium HexafluorideD1193 Specification for Reagent Water2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 105761 Statistical Methods Guidelines for the Evaluation of Conformity with Specified Requirements Part 1: GeneralPrinciplesI
20、SO/IEC 17025 General Requirements for the Competence of Calibration and Testing Laboratories3ISO 17034 General Requirements for the Competence of Reference Material ProducersISO Guide 30 Terms and Definitions Used in Connection with Reference MaterialsISO Guide 3431 General Requirements for the Comp
21、etence of Reference Material ProducersReference Materials Contents ofCertificates, Labels and Accompanying DocumentationISO Guide 33 Reference Materials Good Practice in Using Reference MaterialsISO Guide 35 Reference Materials General and Statistical Principles for CertificationISO Guide 80 Guidanc
22、e for the In-House Preparation of Quality Control Materials (QCMs)2.3 Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology:4JCGM 100:2008 Evaluation of Measurement DataGuide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (ISO GUM 1995with Minor Corrections (2008)JCGM 200:2008200:2012 International Vocabulary of
23、 MetrologyBasic and General Concepts and Associated Terms (VIM)(ISO/IEC Guide 99)2.4 IAEA Documents:5IAEA-TECDOC-1350 Development and Use of Reference Materials and Quality Control Materials3. Terminology3.1 Except as otherwise defined herein, definitions of terms are as given in Terminology C859.3.
24、2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:Definitions:3.2.1 certified reference material (CRM)(CRM)a reference material with reference material, accompanied by a certificate,one or more of whose property values that are certified by a technically valid procedure, accompanied by or traceable t
25、o acertificate or other documentation that is issued by a certifying body (as defined by ISO Guide 30). A certifying body is atechnically competent body (organization or firm, public or private) that issues a reference material certificate (as defined by ISOGuide 30). A reference material certificat
26、e is a document certifying one or more property values for a certified reference material,stating that the necessary procedures have been carried out to establish their validity (as defined by ISO Guide 30).procedure,which establishes its traceability to an accurate realization of the unit in which
27、the property values are expressed, and for whicheach certified value is accompanied by an uncertainty interval at a stated level of confidence. adapted from ISO Guide 303.2.1.1 Discussion3 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, htt
28、p:/www.ansi.org.4 Available from Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, Pavillon de Breteuil, F-92312 Svres Cedex, France, www.bipm.org.5 SeeAvailable C859 for other terms specific to the nuclear fuel cycle.from International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100,
29、1400Vienna, Austria, www.iaea.org.C1128 182The uncertainty interval for each certified property of the material is usually constructed as the interval between the certifiedproperty value minus the expanded uncertainty (see 3.2.6) of the value, and the property value plus the expanded uncertainty. Fo
30、rthe expanded uncertainty, its coverage factor is chosen so as to provide the stated level of confidence. For example, to provide astated level of 95 % confidence, the coverage factor is usually approximately 2.3.2.2 certifying bodytechnically competent body (organization or firm, public or private)
31、 that issues a reference materialcertificate which provides the information detailed in ISO Guide 31. ISO Guide 303.2.3 characterizationdetermination of one or more physical, chemical, biological, or technological property values that arerelevant to its intended end use. adapted from ISO Guide 303.2
32、.4 combined standard uncertaintystandard uncertainty that is obtained using the individual standard uncertaintiesassociated with the input quantities in a measurement model. JCGM 200:20123.2.4.1 DiscussionThe combined standard uncertainty is the combination of one or more individual components of un
33、certainty that make up theuncertainty budget for an attribute. It is understood to be the equivalent of one times the standard deviation.3.2.5 coverage factornumber larger than one by which a combined standard uncertainty is multiplied to obtain an expandeduncertainty. JCGM 200:20123.2.6 expanded un
34、certaintyproduct of a combined standard uncertainty and a coverage factor. adapted from JCGM200:20123.2.7 homogeneitycondition of being of uniform structure or composition with respect to one or more specified properties.ISO Guide 303.2.7.1 DiscussionA reference material is said to be homogenous wit
35、h respect to a specified property if the property value, as determined by testson samples of specified size, is found to lie within the specified uncertainty interval. adapted from ISO Guide 303.2.8 measurement uncertaintynon-negative parameter characterizing the dispersion of the quantity values be
36、ing attributed toa measurand. adapted from JCGM 200:20123.2.8.1 DiscussionMeasurement uncertainty may be expressed as either standard uncertainty or expanded uncertainty and any expression shouldindicate which form is being used.3.2.9 metrological traceabilityproperty of a measurement result whereby
37、 the result can be related to a reference through adocumented unbroken chain of calibrations, each contributing to the measurement uncertainty. JCGM 200:20123.2.10 quality control material (QCM)material used routinely to assess the precision of test procedures. ISO Guide 803.2.10.1 DiscussionSuch ma
38、terials are variously referred to in the open literature as “in-house reference materials,” “quality control samples,” “checksamples,” “set up samples,” and so forth. ISO Guide 803.2.10.2 DiscussionQCMs are used to demonstrate that a procedure is under statistical control.3.2.10.3 DiscussionQCMs hav
39、e assigned values that are indicative, and do not require characterization by metrologically valid procedures. As such,QCMs cannot be expected to establish metrological traceability or trueness of a measurement result. QCMs should always besufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to the prop
40、erties of interest. adapted from ISO Guide 80C1128 1833.2.11 reference material (RM)(RM)a material or substance one or more properties of which of whose property values aresufficiently well established to be used for homogenous and well established for its intended use such as the calibration of ana
41、pparatus, the assessment of a measurement method, or for assigning values to materials (as defined by ISO Guide 30).Areferencematerial may be referred to in this guide also as a standard, such as calibration standard or control standard.materials. ISO Guide303.2.11.1 DiscussionReference material pro
42、perty values are assigned by a procedure (or procedures) which establish the traceability of those values.3.2.11.2 DiscussionA reference material may be referred to in this guide also as a calibration standard or a control standard.3.2.12 reference material certificatedocument accompanying a certifi
43、ed reference material stating one or more propertyvalues and their uncertainties, and confirming that the necessary procedures have been carried out to ensure their validity andtraceability. ISO Guide 303.2.13 reference material documentdocument containing all the information that is essential for u
44、sing any reference material.adapted from ISO 170343.2.14 reference methodthoroughly investigated method, clearly and exactly describing the necessary conditions andprocedures, for the measurement of one or more property values that has been shown to have accuracy and precision commensuratewith its i
45、ntended use and that can therefore be used to assess the accuracy of other methods for the same measurement, particularlyin permitting the characterization of an RM. ISO Guide 303.2.15 stabilityability of a reference material, when stored under specified conditions, to maintain a stated property val
46、uewithin specified limits for a specified period. ISO Guide 303.2.16 standard uncertaintymeasurement uncertainty expressed as a standard deviation. JCGM 200:20123.2.17 uncertainty budgetstatement of a measurement uncertainty, of the components of that measurement uncertainty, andof their calculation
47、 and combination. JCGM 200:20123.2.18 uncertainty intervalinterval derived from the actual measurement of the characteristic and its uncertainty, covering thevalues that could reasonably be attributed to this characteristic. ISO 1057613.2.19 working reference material (WRM)(WRM)a RM usually prepared
48、 by a single laboratory for its own use as acalibration standard, as a control standard, or for the qualification of a measurement method (see Guide reference material, whichis not certified, but is characterized using defined, statistically sound characterization processes, and can be used routinel
49、y tocalibrate or verify measuring instruments or measuring systems.C1068) as indicated in Fig. 1. adapted from JCGM 200:2012FIG. 1 Quality Assurance of Analytical Laboratory DataC1128 1843.2.19.1 DiscussionWRMs are distinct from QCMs (as defined herein and in ISO Guide 80) in that WRMs are RMs and provide metrologicaltraceability to a CRM or other stated reference.3.2.19.2 DiscussionA WRM is usually prepared by a single laboratory for its own use as a calibration standard, as a control standard, or for thequalification of a m
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