ASTM C113-2002 Standard Test Method for Reheat Change of Refractory Brick《耐火砖的二次加热变化的标准试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation: C 113 02Standard Test Method forReheat Change of Refractory Brick1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 113; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parent

2、heses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the perma-nent linear ch

3、ange of refractory brick when heated underprescribed conditions.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.NOTE 1Test methods incorporating additional provisions pertinent tospecific refractory materials are gi

4、ven in the following Test Methods: C179, C 210, and C 605.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bil

5、ity of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C 134 Test Methods for Size, Dimensional Measurements,and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and InsulatingFirebrick2C 179 Test Method for Drying and Firing Linear Change ofRefractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens

6、2C 210 Test Method for Reheat Change of Insulating Fire-brick2C 605 Test Method for Reheat Change of Fireclay Nozzlesand Sleeves2E 230 Temperature-Electromotive Force (EMF) Tables forStandardized Thermocouples33. Significance and Use3.1 Refractory brick and shapes of different compositionsexhibit un

7、ique permanent linear changes after heating orreheating. This test method provides a standard procedure forheating various classes of refractories with appropriate heatingschedules.3.2 Linear reheat changes obtained by this test method aresuitable for use in research and development, also often used

8、 toestablish written specifications between producers and con-sumers.3.3 Care should be exercised in selecting samples that arerepresentative of the product being tested and that the scheduleselected is appropriate to the product.4. Apparatus4.1 Kiln, of such design that the specified heating schedu

9、leand atmosphere can be maintained throughout the heatingzone.4.2 Linear Measuring Device, capable of being read to 0.02in. (0.5 mm) over a span of 10 in. (254 mm). A hook-rule, asspecified in Test Methods C 134, a vernier caliper, or a dialgage device may be used.4.3 Gas Sampling and Analysis Equip

10、ment, capable ofdetermining the percent free oxygen and total combustibles inthe atmosphere of the test chamber.5. Test Specimens5.1 For each test use three rectangular specimens measuring9by412 by 212 or 3 in. (228 by 114 by 64 or 76 mm) in size,or, if smaller, shapes approaching these dimensions a

11、s closelyas possible. These may be commercial brick of the specifiedsize or test pieces cut out of larger shapes.5.2 Using ceramic paint or crayon, label each specimen, andmake a reference mark at each end on the center line of a broadface to indicate the exact position where the measurement ismade.

12、 Measure the length on each of the three test specimensto the nearest 0.02 in. (0.5 mm).1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 onRefractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on PhysicalProperties.Current edition approved Nov 10, 2002. Published June

13、 2003. Originallyapproved in 1934. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as C 113 93 (1998).2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Proce

14、dure6.1 Placing Specimens in KilnPlace the test specimens inthe kiln so that each rests edgewise, that is, ona9by212 or3-in. (228 by 64 or 76-mm) face and set only one course high.Place each specimen upon the corresponding face of a support-ing brick that is from the same lot as the test specimen or

15、 atleast of equal refractoriness. Place between the test specimenand the supporting brick a layer of suitable refractory material,that is non-reactive under the test conditions and passing anASTM No. 16 (1.18-mm) sieve (equivalent to a 14-mesh TylerStandard Series) and retained on an ASTM No. 40 (42

16、5-m)sieve (equivalent to a 35-mesh Tyler Standard Series). Placeeach specimen so that it is not less than 112 in. (38 mm) fromother test specimens or from the furnace wall.6.2 Temperature MeasurementMeasure the temperaturewithin the kiln by means of an appropriate calibrated thermo-couple. Refer to

17、E 230, Tables 1 and 2, for the tolerances andupper temperature limits for use of various thermocouples. Athigher temperatures, the thermocouple may be withdrawn anda calibrated optical or radiation pyrometer can be used. Placethe hot junction of the thermocouple or sight the pyrometer soas to regist

18、er the temperature of the test specimens. Maketemperature readings at intervals not greater than 15 min.Check the kiln periodically by thermocouples, pyrometers orpyrometric cones to ensure that temperatures over the hearth donot differ by more than 25F (14C) or one-half cone.6.3 Test AtmosphereAt a

19、ll temperatures above 1470F(800C) the furnace atmosphere shall contain a minimum of0.5 % oxygen and 0 % combustibles. Take gas-analysissamples from the furnace chamber proper.6.4 Test Temperature ScheduleOperate the kiln so as toconform to the appropriate heating schedule for the class ofrefractory

20、being tested as shown in Table 1. Adjust the firingduring the hold period so that the temperatures will average thespecified temperature within 5F (3C). After completion of theheating schedule, cool the specimens in the closed kiln tobelow 800F (425C) before removing.6.5 Measuring Fired SpecimensRem

21、easure the test speci-mens at room temperature in accordance with 4.2 after rubbingthe ends with an abrasive block to remove small blisters, ifnecessary.7. Calculation and Report7.1 Calculate the percentage linear change based upon theoriginal length of each specimen. Report the average of thethree

22、individual values as the reheat change in the test.8. Precision and Bias8.1 Interlaboratory Test DataAn interlaboratory round-robin test was conducted between eight laboratories at threedifferent reheat temperatures.8.1.1 In the interlaboratory study, four types of brick weretested, three samples ea

23、ch, a total of seven sets at eachlaboratory.8.1.2 Heating schedules, brick types tested, averages of alldeterminations, and precisions are given in Table 2.8.2 PrecisionFor the components of variation given inTable 2, a test result composed of three samples should beconsidered significantly differen

24、t at a confidence level of 95 %,if the repeatability or reproducibility exceeds the precision datagiven in Table 2.8.3 BiasNo justifiable statement on bias is possible sincethe true physical properties of refractories cannot be estab-lished by an acceptable reference material.9. Keywords9.1 heating

25、schedule; refractory brick; reheat change; tem-perature measurements; test atmosphereTABLE 1 Heating Schedule for Reheat of Various Types of RefractoriesElapsed Timefrom Start ofHeating, hAllowableDeviationfromSchedule,6F (6C)Temperature of Test Specimen, F (C) (The highest temperature in each sched

26、ule shall be maintained for 5 h)Schedule A Schedule B Schedule C Schedule D Schedule E Schedule F Schedule G Schedule H1 50 (28) 1380 (750) 1740 (950) 1740 (950) 1605 (875) 1500 (815) 1740 (950) 1740 (950) 1740 (950)2 25 (14) 2010 (1100) 2370 (1300) 2370 (1300) 2280 (1250) 2230 (1220) 2370 (1300) 23

27、70 (1300) 2370 (1300)3 15 (8.5) 2190 (1200) 2550 (1400) 2685 (1475) 2460 (1350) 2350 (1290) 2640 (1450) 2685 (1475) 2685 (1475)4 15 (8.5) . . 2845 (1565) . . 2730 (1500) 2845 (1565) 2845 (1565)5 15 (8.5) . . 2910 (1600) . . . 2910 (1600) 2910 (1600)661215 (8.5)15 (8.5).2970 (1630)3000 (1650)2970 (16

28、30)3000 (1650)7 15 (8.5) . . . . . . . 3025 (1665)8 15 (8.5) . . . . . . . 3070 (1690)812 15 (8.5) . . . . . . . 3090 (1700)C113022ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard

29、are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif no

30、t revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which

31、you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,Unit

32、ed States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE 2 Precision of Interlaboratory Test Results

33、Relative precision does not apply since values pass through the point of zero.NOTERelative precision does not apply since values pass through the point of zero.Schedule B2550FSchedule C2910FSchedule H3090FPooledPrecisionHi-DutyFireclay70 %AluminaS. DutyFireclay70 %Alumina90 %Alumina70 %Alumina90 %AluminaLinear changeaverage % 0.11 +0.79 0.49 +2.89 +0.16 +2.43 +0.83 .PrecisionRepeatability IIReproducibility IR0.320.340.340.720.350.810.360.560.180.250.530.790.410.490.360.60C113023