1、Designation: C 1134 90 (Reapproved 2007)Standard Test Method forWater Retention of Rigid Thermal Insulations FollowingPartial Immersion1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1134; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method determines the amount of water re-tained (including surface water) by rigid
3、 block and boardthermal insulations used in building construction applicationsafter these materials have been partially immersed in liquidwater for prescribed time intervals under isothermal condi-tions. This test method is intended to be used for the charac-terization of materials in the laboratory
4、. It is not intended tosimulate any particular environmental condition that may beencountered in building construction applications.1.2 This test method does not address all the possiblemechanisms of water intake and retention and related phenom-ena for rigid thermal insulations. It relates only to
5、thoseconditions outlined in 1.1. Determination of moisture accumu-lation in thermal insulations due to complete immersion, watervapor transmission, internal condensation, freeze-thaw cycling,or a combination of these effects requires different test proce-dures.1.3 Each partial immersion interval is
6、followed by a brieffree-drainage period. This test method does not address orattempt to quantify the drainage characteristics of materials.Therefore, results for materials with different internal structureand porosity, such as cellular materials and fibrous materials,may not be directly comparable.
7、Also, test results for speci-mens of different thickness may not be directly comparablebecause of porosity effects. The surface characteristics of amaterial also affect drainage. Specimens with rough surfacesmay retain more surface water than specimens with smoothsurfaces, and surface treatment duri
8、ng specimen preparationmay affect water intake and retention. Therefore, results formaterials with different surface characteristics may not bedirectly comparable.1.4 For most materials the size of the test specimens is smallcompared with the size of the products actually installed in thefield. If t
9、he surface-to-volume ratios for the test specimens andthe corresponding products are different, the test results may bemisleading.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard, but the results may also be reported in inch-pound(I-P) units. In this standard I-P units are given in pa
10、renthesesfor information purposes and may be approximate.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bili
11、ty of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C 168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation2E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerminology C 168 applies to terms usedin
12、 this test method.3.2 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 WRSshort-term water retention rating, the averageof the water retained following the 0.75-h and 3.00-h partialimmersion intervals, kilograms per square metre (percent byvolume) (for materials tested at 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thi
13、ckness).(See 4.2.)3.2.2 WRLlong-term water retention rating, the waterretained following the 168-h partial immersion interval, kilo-grams per square metre (percent by volume) (for materialstested at 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness). (See 4.2.)4. Significance and Use4.1 Materials less than or equal to 1
14、5.0 mm (0.59 in.) inthickness shall not be tested in accordance with this testmethod in order to avoid complete immersion of the speci-mens. This type of exposure is beyond the scope of this testmethod.4.2 Materials shall be tested at both actual product thicknessand 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness pro
15、vided the materials can be1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C16 on ThermalInsulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.33 on InsulationFinishes and Moisture.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last p
16、revious edition approved in 2001 as C 113490(2001).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright
17、 ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.cut to a thickness of 25.4 mm without changing the originalcharacter of the materials. If a product cannot be cut withoutchanging the original character of the material, the test reportshall cont
18、ain an appropriate note to this effect. Results shall bereported on the basis of equal nominal wetted specimen surfacearea (in units of kilograms per square metre) for materialstested at actual product thickness and on the basis of equalspecimen volume (in units of percent by volume) for materialste
19、sted at 25.4 mm thickness. If a product cannot be cut to athickness of 25.4 mm or if the actual product thickness is lessthan 25.4 mm but greater than 15.0 mm (0.59 in.), the productshall only be tested at actual product thickness and results onlyreported on the basis of equal nominal wetted specime
20、n surfacearea.4.2.1 By reporting results on the basis of equal nominalwetted specimen surface area, specimens of different thick-nesses can be compared equitably. For some specimens, thewater intake and retention primarily may depend on thenominal wetted surface area available for water intake.4.2.2
21、 By reporting results on the basis of equal specimenvolume, specimens can be compared equitably using units thatcommonly are selected to represent results of water intaketesting (percent by volume). For some materials, water intakeand retention primarily may depend on the volume of thespecimen avail
22、able for water intake.4.2.3 In most cases water retention is a secondary perfor-mance characteristic that has an influence on a primaryperformance characteristic, such as thermal performance, sur-face accumulation of moisture (that may contribute to fungalgrowth), localized collection of electrolyte
23、s (that may contrib-ute to corrosion), etc. Depending on the primary performancecharacteristic that is of interest, the preferred units for use incomparing the water retention of different materials may beeither kilograms per square metre or percent by volume.4.3 Immersion times in addition to those
24、 required by thistest method may be selected provided that all parties involvedare in agreement.4.4 The water retention characteristics of materials may beaffected by conditions such as elevated temperatures or chemi-cal exposures.5. Apparatus5.1 Test ChamberThe test chamber or room where the testis
25、 to be run shall be maintained at a temperature of 236 2C(73 6 4F) and a relative humidity of 50 6 5%.5.2 Immersion TankThe immersion tank shall consist ofan open tank of sufficient size to accommodate at least threespecimens. Included in the construction of the tank shall be ameans for securing the
26、 specimens in a level position, that is, anoncorrosive support for the bottom surface of the specimensand a similar constraining device for the top surface. Thesupport and constraining devices shall not contact more than15 % of the specimen surfaces. The pressure exerted on thespecimens by the const
27、raining device for the top surface shallbe limited to that required to counteract any buoyant forceexerted by the specimens at the beginning of the test. Theimmersion tank shall be provided with a water overflow level,as shown in Fig. 1.5.3 BalanceThe balance shall have a sensitivity of at least0.1
28、g. For some measurements such a sensitivity may be morethan is required, in which case a sensitivity of at least 0.1 % ofthe total mass of the specimen after immersion and theweighing container is acceptable. See 7.4.1. To achieve thesesensitivities, two different balances may be required.5.4 Weighi
29、ng ContainerThe weighing container shall bemade of a nonabsorbent, waterproof, lightweight material andshall be large enough to allow a specimen to be laid flat in thecontainer.5.5 Linear Measuring InstrumentThe linear measuringinstrument shall be capable of measuring specimen dimensionsto the neare
30、st 0.2 mm (0.01 in.).5.6 Distilled or Deionized WaterDistilled or deionizedwater shall be used for testing.5.7 Drainage RackThe drainage rack shall be similar tothat shown in Figs. 2 and 3.6. Test Specimens6.1 Six test specimens shall be selected randomly from eachsample. Only three specimens are re
31、quired if the product isonly to be tested at the actual product thickness or if the actualproduct thickness is 25.4 mm (1.00 in.). See 4.2.6.2 The test specimens shall be square with a length andwidth of 3006 10 mm (11.8 6 0.4 in.). The thickness of threeof the specimens shall be the same as that of
32、 the product orsample from which the specimens are taken. The thickness ofthe other three specimens shall be 25.4 6 1.6 mm (1.00 6 0.06in.), provided the material is greater than 25.4 mm in thickness.Specimens shall be cut to this size from thicker stock ifappropriate. See 4.2.6.3 Specimen Preparati
33、on:6.3.1 Materials normally produced with natural skins orspecially cut surfaces shall be tested with at least one skin orsurface intact, and that skin or surface shall be placed incontact with the water when the test is conducted. The testreport shall contain an appropriate note.(a) Typical dimensi
34、ons for an immersion tank(b) Typical dimensions for a noncorrosive support for the specimensFIG. 1 Immersion TankC 1134 90 (2007)26.3.2 Composite materials normally produced with facingsor laminates may be tested with or without facings, as requiredby the appropriate material specification. The test
35、 report shallcontain an appropriate note.6.3.3 Care must be taken to avoid making indentationswhen handling specimens. Any specimens having surfaceindentations greater than 5.0 mm (0.20 in.) in depth or anyspecimens damaged during preparation shall be rejected andreplaced by new specimens prior to t
36、esting.7. Procedure7.1 Measure test specimen dimensions (length, l, width, w,and thickness, t) to the nearest 0.2 mm (0.01 in.). Measure boththe length and width at three different locations and thethickness at nine different locations, as shown in Fig. 4. Theaverage of each set of dimensions shall
37、be used to calculate thevolume, V, of the specimen.7.2 Record the initial mass of each specimen to the nearest0.1 g, and condition the specimens to constant mass in thelaboratory at a temperature of 23 6 2C (73 6 4F) and arelative humidity of 506 5 %.Allow at least 24 h for the initialconditioning p
38、eriod and then at least 4 h for each additionalperiod as needed. Continue conditioning until specimens reachconstant mass as indicated by a change in mass of 0.2 g or lessbetween successive weighings. Record the dry mass, M0,ofeach specimen to the nearest 0.1 g.7.3 Using nonabsorbent dummy blocks of
39、 the same size asthe test specimens, adjust the support and constraining devicesso that the dummy blocks are horizontal and level. Makecertain that the immersion tank is also level. Adjust the waterlevel in the immersion tank so that it is 10.0 6 1.6 mm (0.396 0.06 in.) above the bottom surface of t
40、he dummy blocks.Remove the dummy blocks and replace them with the actualtest specimens. If necessary, add water to ensure that thespecimens are immersed to the required depth. If the immer-sion tank is not provided with an automatic adjustment for theFIG. 2 Drainage Rack for Three SpecimensFIG. 3 Te
41、st Specimen in Drainage RackFIG. 4 Measurement Locations for Determining Test SpecimenDimensionsC 1134 90 (2007)3water level, add water at least once during each 24-h period toensure that the specimens are immersed to the required depth.7.4 Remove and weigh the specimens at the following timeinterva
42、ls: 0.75 6 0.03 h, 3.00 6 0.15 h, and 168 6 4 h. Thesetimes are required. Longer or intermediate immersion timesmay be used to provide more information.7.4.1 Determine the mass of the weighing container to thenearest 0.1 g. Place each specimen on the drainage rack, asshown in Fig. 3. Allow 6.0 6 0.5
43、 min. for the drainage ofwater. Remove each specimen from the drainage rack andplace it in the weighing container with the wet side down.Weigh each specimen and its container to the nearest 0.1 g orto within 0.1 % of the total mass of the specimen and theweighing container. (Choose the sensitivity t
44、hat is largest inmagnitude or most convenient to use.) Subtract the mass of theweighing container from the total mass, and record the mass ofeach specimen in grams to the appropriate sensitivity. Datashould be clearly identified by the letter Mtwith the subscriptindicating the immersion time, for ex
45、ample M0.75for the massafter a 0.75-h immersion time. Clean and dry the weighingcontainer if it is going to be reused, and reweigh it beforeproceeding with the next specimen.7.4.2 Return the specimens to the immersion tank, makingsure each specimen is placed in the tank with the wet sidedown. Total
46、time elapsed between removal and return of thespecimens shall not be longer than 8 min.7.4.3 Repeat the procedures given in 7.4.1 and 7.4.2 foreach immersion time.8. Calculation8.1 Calculate the nominal wetted surface area, A, of eachspecimen from the average dimensions measured in accor-dance with
47、7.1 and from the depth to which the specimens areimmersed as follows:A 51w! 1 2d l 1 w!1 000 000(1)where:A = nominal wetted surface area of the specimen, m2,l = length of the specimen, mm,w = width of the specimen, mm, andd = depth at which the specimens are immersed, mm.8.2 Calculate the volume, V,
48、 of each specimen from theaverage dimensions measured in accordance with 7.1 asfollows:V 5lwt1 000(2)where:V = volume of the specimen, cm3, andt = thickness of the specimen, mm.8.3 Calculate the water retention, WRt, for each immersiontime, t, as shown in 8.3.1 and 8.3.2.8.3.1 For each specimen calc
49、ulate the water retention(WRt(kg/m2), expressed in kilograms per square metre, for eachimmersion time, t, as follows:WRtkg/m2! 5Mt2 M0A1 000(3)where:WRt(kg/m2) = water retention of the specimen for time, t,kg/m2,Mt= mass of the specimen after immersion time,t,g,andM0= mass of the conditioned specimen, g.8.3.2 For each specimen tested at a thickness of 25.4 mm(1.00 in.), calculate the water retention, WRt(%), expressed inpercent by volume, for each immersion time, t, as follows:WRt%!5Mt2 M0V100 (4)where:WRt(%)= water retention of the specimen for time, t,perce
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