1、Designation: C1134 90 (Reapproved 2007)1Standard Test Method forWater Retention of Rigid Thermal Insulations FollowingPartial Immersion1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1134; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case o
2、f revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorially changed inch-pound units to the primary measurement and SI units for information only in
3、August 2010.1. Scope1.1 This test method determines the amount of water re-tained (including surface water) by rigid block and boardthermal insulations used in building construction applicationsafter these materials have been partially immersed in liquidwater for prescribed time intervals under isot
4、hermal condi-tions. This test method is intended to be used for the charac-terization of materials in the laboratory. It is not intended tosimulate any particular environmental condition that may beencountered in building construction applications.1.2 This test method does not address all the possib
5、lemechanisms of water intake and retention and related phenom-ena for rigid thermal insulations. It relates only to thoseconditions outlined in 1.1. Determination of moisture accumu-lation in thermal insulations due to complete immersion, watervapor transmission, internal condensation, freeze-thaw c
6、ycling,or a combination of these effects requires different test proce-dures.1.3 Each partial immersion interval is followed by a brieffree-drainage period. This test method does not address orattempt to quantify the drainage characteristics of materials.Therefore, results for materials with differe
7、nt internal structureand porosity, such as cellular materials and fibrous materials,may not be directly comparable. Also, test results for speci-mens of different thickness may not be directly comparablebecause of porosity effects. The surface characteristics of amaterial also affect drainage. Speci
8、mens with rough surfacesmay retain more surface water than specimens with smoothsurfaces, and surface treatment during specimen preparationmay affect water intake and retention. Therefore, results formaterials with different surface characteristics may not bedirectly comparable.1.4 For most material
9、s the size of the test specimens is smallcompared with the size of the products actually installed in thefield. If the surface-to-volume ratios for the test specimens andthe corresponding products are different, the test results may bemisleading.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be re
10、gardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the use
11、r of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine
12、 the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerminology C168 applies to terms used inthis test method.3.2 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 WRSshort-term water retention rating, the averageof the water retained following the 0.75-h and 3.00-h partialimmersion inte
13、rvals, kilograms per square metre (percent byvolume) (for materials tested at 1.00 in. (25.4 mm) thickness).(See 4.2.)3.2.2 WRLlong-term water retention rating, the waterretained following the 168-h partial immersion interval, kilo-grams per square metre (percent by volume) (for materialstested at 1
14、.00 in. (25.4 mm) thickness). (See 4.2.)1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C16 on ThermalInsulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.33 on InsulationFinishes and Moisture.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originallyapproved i
15、n 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as C113490(2001). DOI:10.1520/C1134-90R07E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document S
16、ummary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4. Significance and Use4.1 Materials less than or equal to 0.59 in. (15.0 mm) inthickness shall not be tested in accordance with this testmethod in order
17、to avoid complete immersion of the speci-mens. This type of exposure is beyond the scope of this testmethod.4.2 Materials shall be tested at both actual product thicknessand 1.00 in. (25.4 mm) thickness provided the materials can becut to a thickness of 1.00 in. (25.4 mm) without changing theorigina
18、l character of the materials. If a product cannot be cutwithout changing the original character of the material, the testreport shall contain an appropriate note to this effect. Resultsshall be reported on the basis of equal nominal wettedspecimen surface area (in units of kilograms per square metre
19、)for materials tested at actual product thickness and on the basisof equal specimen volume (in units of percent by volume) formaterials tested at 1.00 in. (25.4 mm) thickness. If a productcannot be cut to a thickness of 1.00 in. (25.4 mm) or if theactual product thickness is less than 1.00 in. (25.4
20、 mm) butgreater than 0.59 in. (15.0 mm), the product shall only be testedat actual product thickness and results only reported on thebasis of equal nominal wetted specimen surface area.4.2.1 By reporting results on the basis of equal nominalwetted specimen surface area, specimens of different thick-
21、nesses can be compared equitably. For some specimens, thewater intake and retention primarily may depend on thenominal wetted surface area available for water intake.4.2.2 By reporting results on the basis of equal specimenvolume, specimens can be compared equitably using units thatcommonly are sele
22、cted to represent results of water intaketesting (percent by volume). For some materials, water intakeand retention primarily may depend on the volume of thespecimen available for water intake.4.2.3 In most cases water retention is a secondary perfor-mance characteristic that has an influence on a p
23、rimaryperformance characteristic, such as thermal performance, sur-face accumulation of moisture (that may contribute to fungalgrowth), localized collection of electrolytes (that may contrib-ute to corrosion), etc. Depending on the primary performancecharacteristic that is of interest, the preferred
24、 units for use incomparing the water retention of different materials may beeither kilograms per square metre or percent by volume.4.3 Immersion times in addition to those required by thistest method may be selected provided that all parties involvedare in agreement.4.4 The water retention character
25、istics of materials may beaffected by conditions such as elevated temperatures or chemi-cal exposures.5. Apparatus5.1 Test ChamberThe test chamber or room where the testis to be run shall be maintained at a temperature of 73 6 4F(236 2C) and a relative humidity of 50 6 5%.5.2 Immersion TankThe immer
26、sion tank shall consist ofan open tank of sufficient size to accommodate at least threespecimens. Included in the construction of the tank shall be ameans for securing the specimens in a level position, that is, anoncorrosive support for the bottom surface of the specimensand a similar constraining
27、device for the top surface. Thesupport and constraining devices shall not contact more than15 % of the specimen surfaces. The pressure exerted on thespecimens by the constraining device for the top surface shallbe limited to that required to counteract any buoyant forceexerted by the specimens at th
28、e beginning of the test. Theimmersion tank shall be provided with a water overflow level,as shown in Fig. 1.5.3 BalanceThe balance shall have a sensitivity of at least0.1 g. For some measurements such a sensitivity may be morethan is required, in which case a sensitivity of at least 0.1 % ofthe tota
29、l mass of the specimen after immersion and theweighing container is acceptable. See 7.4.1. To achieve thesesensitivities, two different balances may be required.5.4 Weighing ContainerThe weighing container shall bemade of a nonabsorbent, waterproof, lightweight material andshall be large enough to a
30、llow a specimen to be laid flat in thecontainer.5.5 Linear Measuring InstrumentThe linear measuringinstrument shall be capable of measuring specimen dimensionsto the nearest 0.01 in. (0.2 mm).5.6 Distilled or Deionized WaterDistilled or deionizedwater shall be used for testing.5.7 Drainage RackThe d
31、rainage rack shall be similar tothat shown in Figs. 2 and 3.6. Test Specimens6.1 Six test specimens shall be selected randomly from eachsample. Only three specimens are required if the product isonly to be tested at the actual product thickness or if the actualproduct thickness is 21.00 in. (5.4 mm)
32、. See 4.2.6.2 The test specimens shall be square with a length andwidth of 11.8 6 0.4 in. (3006 10 mm). The thickness of threeof the specimens shall be the same as that of the product orsample from which the specimens are taken. The thickness ofthe other three specimens shall be 1.00 6 0.06 in. (25.
33、4 6 1.6mm), provided the material is greater than 1.00 in. (25.4 mm)(a) Typical dimensions for an immersion tank(b) Typical dimensions for a noncorrosive support for the specimensFIG. 1 Immersion TankC1134 90 (2007)12in thickness. Specimens shall be cut to this size from thickerstock if appropriate.
34、 See 4.2.6.3 Specimen Preparation:6.3.1 Materials normally produced with natural skins orspecially cut surfaces shall be tested with at least one skin orsurface intact, and that skin or surface shall be placed incontact with the water when the test is conducted. The testreport shall contain an appro
35、priate note.6.3.2 Composite materials normally produced with facingsor laminates may be tested with or without facings, as requiredby the appropriate material specification. The test report shallcontain an appropriate note.6.3.3 Care must be taken to avoid making indentationswhen handling specimens.
36、 Any specimens having surfaceindentations greater than 0.20 in. (5.0 mm) in depth or anyspecimens damaged during preparation shall be rejected andreplaced by new specimens prior to testing.7. Procedure7.1 Measure test specimen dimensions (length, l, width, w,and thickness, t) to the nearest 0.01 in.
37、 (0.2 mm). Measure boththe length and width at three different locations and thethickness at nine different locations, as shown in Fig. 4. Theaverage of each set of dimensions shall be used to calculate thevolume, V, of the specimen.7.2 Record the initial mass of each specimen to the nearest0.1 g, a
38、nd condition the specimens to constant mass in thelaboratory at a temperature of 73 6 4F (23 6 2C) and arelative humidity of 506 5 %.Allow at least 24 h for the initialconditioning period and then at least 4 h for each additionalperiod as needed. Continue conditioning until specimens reachconstant m
39、ass as indicated by a change in mass of 0.2 g or lessbetween successive weighings. Record the dry mass, M0,ofeach specimen to the nearest 0.1 g.7.3 Using nonabsorbent dummy blocks of the same size asthe test specimens, adjust the support and constraining devicesso that the dummy blocks are horizonta
40、l and level. MakeFIG. 2 Drainage Rack for Three SpecimensFIG. 3 Test Specimen in Drainage RackFIG. 4 Measurement Locations for Determining Test SpecimenDimensionsC1134 90 (2007)13certain that the immersion tank is also level. Adjust the waterlevel in the immersion tank so that it is 0.39 6 0.06 in.
41、(10.06 1.6 mm) above the bottom surface of the dummy blocks.Remove the dummy blocks and replace them with the actualtest specimens. If necessary, add water to ensure that thespecimens are immersed to the required depth. If the immer-sion tank is not provided with an automatic adjustment for thewater
42、 level, add water at least once during each 24-h period toensure that the specimens are immersed to the required depth.7.4 Remove and weigh the specimens at the following timeintervals: 0.75 6 0.03 h, 3.00 6 0.15 h, and 168 6 4 h. Thesetimes are required. Longer or intermediate immersion timesmay be
43、 used to provide more information.7.4.1 Determine the mass of the weighing container to thenearest 0.1 g. Place each specimen on the drainage rack, asshown in Fig. 3. Allow 6.0 6 0.5 min. for the drainage ofwater. Remove each specimen from the drainage rack andplace it in the weighing container with
44、 the wet side down.Weigh each specimen and its container to the nearest 0.1 g orto within 0.1 % of the total mass of the specimen and theweighing container. (Choose the sensitivity that is largest inmagnitude or most convenient to use.) Subtract the mass of theweighing container from the total mass,
45、 and record the mass ofeach specimen in grams to the appropriate sensitivity. Datashould be clearly identified by the letter Mtwith the subscriptindicating the immersion time, for example M0.75for the massafter a 0.75-h immersion time. Clean and dry the weighingcontainer if it is going to be reused,
46、 and reweigh it beforeproceeding with the next specimen.7.4.2 Return the specimens to the immersion tank, makingsure each specimen is placed in the tank with the wet sidedown. Total time elapsed between removal and return of thespecimens shall not be longer than 8 min.7.4.3 Repeat the procedures giv
47、en in 7.4.1 and 7.4.2 foreach immersion time.8. Calculation8.1 Calculate the nominal wetted surface area, A, of eachspecimen from the average dimensions measured in accor-dance with 7.1 and from the depth to which the specimens areimmersed as follows:A 51w! 1 2d l 1 w!1 000 000(1)where:A = nominal w
48、etted surface area of the specimen, m2,l = length of the specimen, mm,w = width of the specimen, mm, andd = depth at which the specimens are immersed, mm.8.2 Calculate the volume, V, of each specimen from theaverage dimensions measured in accordance with 7.1 asfollows:V 5lwt1 000(2)where:V = volume
49、of the specimen, cm3, andt = thickness of the specimen, mm.8.3 Calculate the water retention, WRt, for each immersiontime, t, as shown in 8.3.1 and 8.3.2.8.3.1 For each specimen calculate the water retention(WRt(kg/m2), expressed in kilograms per square metre, for eachimmersion time, t, as follows:WRtkg/m2! 5Mt2 M0A1 000(3)where:WRt(kg/m2) = water retention of the specimen for time, t,kg/m2,Mt= mass of the specimen after immersion time,t,g,andM0= mass of the conditioned specimen, g.8.3.2 For each specimen tested at a thickness of 1.00 in.(25.4 mm), calcul
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