1、Designation: C1141/C1141M 15Standard Specification forAdmixtures for Shotcrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1141/C1141M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in
2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers materials proposed for use asadmixtures to be added to a portland-cement shotcrete mixturefor the purpose of altering
3、 the properties of the mixture.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may
4、 result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulat
5、ory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesC136/C136M Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine andCoarse AggregatesC138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield,and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concret
6、eC173/C173M Test Method forAir Content of Freshly MixedConcrete by the Volumetric MethodC183/C183M Practice for Sampling and the Amount ofTesting of Hydraulic CementC231/C231M Test Method forAir Content of Freshly MixedConcrete by the Pressure MethodC260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixt
7、uresfor ConcreteC311/C311M Test Methods for Sampling and Testing FlyAsh or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-CementConcreteC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC979/C979M Specificati
8、on for Pigments for Integrally Col-ored ConcreteC989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use inConcrete and MortarsC1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in CementitiousMixturesC1438 Specification for Latex and Powder Polymer Modi-fiers for use in Hydraulic Cement Concrete and MortarD98 Specif
9、ication for Calcium Chloride2.2 ACI Documents:318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete33. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer toTerminology C125.4. Classification4.1 This specification recognizes grades of admixtures, usedin shotcrete made by either of
10、two processes, as follows:4.1.1 Type IDry mix shotcrete.4.1.1.1 Grade 1Accelerating admixture.4.1.1.2 Grade 2Retarding admixture.4.1.1.3 Grade 3Pozzolanic admixture.4.1.1.4 Grade 4Metallic iron admixture.4.1.1.5 Grade 5Coloring admixture.4.1.1.6 Grade 6Organic polymer admixture.4.1.1.7 Grade 7Not ap
11、plicable.4.1.1.8 Grade 8Not applicable.4.1.2 Type IIWet-mix shotcrete.4.1.2.1 Grade 1Accelerating admixture.4.1.2.2 Grade 2Retarding admixture.4.1.2.3 Grade 3Pozzolanic admixture.4.1.2.4 Grade 4Metallic iron admixture.4.1.2.5 Grade 5Coloring admixture.4.1.2.6 Grade 6Organic polymer admixture.1This s
12、pecification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.46 on Shotcrete.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2015. Published February 2016. Originallyapproved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C1
13、141/C1141M 08.DOI: 10.1520/C1141_C1141M-15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Am
14、erican Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.concrete.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.1.2.7 Grade 7Wat
15、er reducing admixture.4.1.2.8 Grade 8Air-entraining admixture.4.1.3 Each of the above grades is further classified byidentifying it according to the following classes:4.1.3.1 Class ALiquid.4.1.3.2 Class BNon-liquid.5. Ordering Information5.1 The purchaser shall include the following information inth
16、e contract or purchase order, if applicable:5.1.1 The specification designation and date of issue,5.1.2 Type of shotcrete, grade and class of admixture,5.1.3 Quantity of admixture required,5.1.4 Special packaging and package marking requirements,5.1.5 Special sampling for inspection requirements, an
17、d5.1.6 Any supplementary requirements.6. Requirements6.1 Shotcrete admixtures shall conform to the requirementsfor the applicable type and grade as given in Table 1.6.2 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shallstate in writing that the admixture supplied is essentiallyidentical in conc
18、entration, composition, and performance to theadmixture previously tested under this specification and foundto comply with the applicable requirements thereof.6.3 Requirements for establishing compositional or chemi-cal equivalence of a lot or of a subsequent lot relative to aprevious lot that was s
19、ubjected to quality tests and found tocomply with the applicable requirements may be determinedby agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer. Atthe request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall recommendappropriate test procedures, such as infraredspectrophotometry, pH value, and solids
20、 content, for establish-ing the equivalence of material from different lots or differentportions of the same lot.6.4 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shallstate in writing the chloride content of the admixture.NOTE 1Ultraviolet absorption of solutions and infrared spectroscopyof dri
21、ed residues have been found to be valuable for these purposes. Thespecific procedures to be employed and the criteria to establish equiva-lence should be stipulated with due regard to the composition andproperties of the sample.NOTE 2Admixtures containing relatively large amounts of chlorideions may
22、 make embedded metals susceptible to corrosion when moistureand oxygen are present in hardened shotcrete.7. Sampling7.1 Access shall be provided to the purchaser for sampling,either at the point of manufacture, or at the site of the work, asmay be specified by the purchaser.7.2 Samples shall be eith
23、er grab or composite samples, asspecified or required by this specification.Agrab sample is onesecured in a single operation. A composite sample is oneobtained by combining three or more grab samples.7.3 The sample size for each class of admixture shall be asfollows:7.3.1 Class A Liquid Admixtures:7
24、.3.1.1 Liquid admixtures shall be agitated thoroughly im-mediately prior to sampling. Individual grab samples shallrepresent not more than 9500 L 2500 gal of admixture andTABLE 1 Shotcrete Admixture RequirementsType IDry-Mix ShotcreteGrade Admixture ASTM Standard Other Limits1 Accelerating D98, C494
25、/C494M TypeCorE2 Retarding C494/C494M TypeBorD3 Pozzolanic C618, C989/C989M, C12404 Metallic iron Not established The metallic particles shall be ground iron free from rust, oil, foreign materials,and nonferrous metal particles. The grading of the metallic aggregates shall beas follows when tested a
26、ccording to C136/C136M:U.S. Sieve No.A%Passing4.75 mm (No. 4) 1002.36 mm (No. 8) 901001.18 mm (No. 16) 7085600 m (No. 30) 2035300 m (No. 50) 010150 m (No. 100) 055 Coloring C979/C979M Even when using materials conforming to C979/C979M, it may be difficult to ob-tain uniformity of coloring because of
27、 the placement procedures in dry-mix shot-creting.6 Organic Polymer C1438Type IIWet-Mix ShotcreteGrade Admixture ASTM Standard Other Limits1 Accelerating D98, C494/C494M Types C orE2 Retarding C494/C494M, Type B, D or G3 Pozzolanic C618, C989/C989M, C12404 Metallic iron Not established See Type I, G
28、rade 45 Coloring C979/C979M6 Organic Polymer C14387 Water reducing C494/C494M, Types A, D, E, F,or G8 Air-entraining C260/C260MAThe sieve designations in parentheses are provided for information only; the only standard sieve sizes are those stated in SI units.C1141/C1141M 152shall have a volume of a
29、t least 1 L 1 qt. A minimum of fourgrab samples shall be taken from different locations welldistributed throughout the quantity to be represented. Compos-ite samples shall be prepared by thoroughly mixing the selectedgrab samples, and the resultant mixture sampled to provide atleast 4 L 1 gal for te
30、sting.7.3.1.2 Admixtures in bulk storage tanks shall be sampledequally from the upper, intermediate, and lower levels bymeans of drain cocks in the sides of the tanks, or a weightedsampling bottle fitted with a stopper that can be removed afterthe bottle is lowered to the desired depth.7.3.1.3 Sampl
31、es shall be packaged in impermeable, airtightcontainers which are resistant to attack by the admixture.7.3.2 Class B Non-liquid Admixtures:7.3.2.1 Individual grab samples (except pozzolanic) shallnot represent more than 2 Mg 2 tons of admixture and shallweigh at least 1 kg 2 lb. A minimum of four gr
32、ab samplesshall be taken from different locations well distributed through-out the quantity to be represented. Composite samples shall beprepared by thoroughly mixing the selected grab samples, andthe resultant mixture sampled to provide at least 2.2 kg 5 lbfor testing. Grading of composite samples
33、shall be determinedfor each 2 Mg 2 tons of Grade 4 metallic iron admixturesshipped.7.3.2.2 Pozzolanic admixtures shall be sampled and testedin accordance with the requirements established in Test Meth-ods C311/C311M.7.3.2.3 Samples of packaged admixtures shall be obtainedby means of a tube sampler a
34、s described in Practice C183/C183M.7.3.2.4 When recommended by the manufacturer, the entiresample of an admixture shall be dissolved in water prior totesting.7.3.2.5 Samples shall be packaged in moisture-proof, air-tight containers.8. Number of Tests and Retests8.1 The number of tests and retests to
35、 be performed onspecified materials shall be the number stipulated in thereferenced ASTM standard.9. Specimen Preparation9.1 The specimens for tests shall be prepared as required bythe particular test method referenced by the ASTM specifica-tion relating to the particular admixture.NOTE 3It is recom
36、mended that, whenever practicable, tests with theadmixture be made using all of the ingredients of the shotcrete proposedfor the specified work, because the effect produced by the admixture mayvary with the properties of the other ingredients of the concrete.10. Inspection10.1 Inspection of the mate
37、rial shall be agreed upon be-tween the purchaser and supplier as part of the purchasecontract.11. Rejection11.1 The shotcrete admixture may be rejected if it fails tomeet any of the applicable requirements of this specification.See Table 1.11.2 An admixture stored at the point of manufacturer formor
38、e than six months prior to shipment or an admixture inlocal storage by a vendor for more than six months aftercompletion of tests, may be retested before use and may berejected if it fails to conform to any of the applicablerequirements of this specification.11.3 Packages or containers varying more
39、than 2 % from thespecified weight or volume shall be rejected. If the averageweight or volume of 50 packages taken at random is less thanthat specified, the entire shipment shall be rejected.11.4 When the admixture is to be used in non-air-entrainedwet-mix shotcrete, it shall be rejected if the test
40、ed shotcretecontaining the admixture has an air content greater than 5 %.When the admixture is to be used in air-entrained wet-mixshotcrete, it shall be rejected if the tested shotcrete containingthe admixture has an air content greater than 12 % or less than5 %. The air content shall be determined
41、on a sample takenprior to shooting in accordance with either of Test MethodsC138/C138M, C173/C173M or C231/C231M.11.5 Rejection and reason(s) for rejection shall be reportedto the producer or supplier promptly in writing.12. Certification12.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, acertif
42、icate shall be furnished to the purchaser that the materialhas been tested in accordance with this specification and foundto meet the requirements. When specified in the purchase orderor contract, a report of test results on samples taken frommaterial shipped shall be furnished. The test report requ
43、ested inaccordance with the purchase order shall be furnished within60 days after shipment of the order.13. Product Marking13.1 When the admixture is delivered in packages orcontainers, the proprietary name of the admixture, the type,grade, and class under this specification, and the net weight orvo
44、lume shall be plainly marked thereon. Similar informationshall be provided in the shipping paper accompanying pack-aged or bulk materials.14. Supplementary Requirements14.1 Supplementary requirements may be specified by thepurchaser and apply only when they appear separately on thepurchase contract
45、or order.14.2 Quality assurance requirements shall be specified inthe purchase contract or order with a reference to a pertinentdocument agreed upon by the supplier and purchaser.C1141/C1141M 153SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification sin
46、ce the last issue,C1141 08, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved Dec. 1, 2015.)(1) Deleted withdrawn standard, Test Method C1398, fromSection 2 and removed citations to C1398 from the text.(2) Updated designations of referenced documents that havechanged from single to dual-desig
47、nation.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such righ
48、ts, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional
49、standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of
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