1、Designation: C 117 04Standard Test Method forMaterials Finer than 75-m (No. 200) Sieve in MineralAggregates by Washing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 117; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the d
3、etermination of the amountof material finer than a 75-m (No. 200) sieve in aggregate bywashing. Clay particles and other aggregate particles that aredispersed by the wash water, as well as water-soluble materials,will be removed from the aggregate during the test.1.2 Two procedures are included, one
4、 using only water forthe washing operation, and the other including a wetting agentto assist the loosening of the material finer than the 75-m (No.200) sieve from the coarser material. Unless otherwise speci-fied, Procedure A (water only) shall be used.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be reg
5、arded as thestandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior t
6、o use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and CoarseAggregatesC 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsC 702 Practice for Reducing Field Samples of Aggregate toTesting SizeD 75 Practice fo
7、r Sampling AggregatesE 11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for TestingPurposes2.2 AASHTO Standard:T11 Method of Test for Amount of Material Finer than0.075-mm Sieve in Aggregate33. Summary of Test Method3.1 A sample of the aggregate is washed in a prescribedmanner, using either plain water or
8、 water containing a wettingagent, as specified. The decanted wash water, containingsuspended and dissolved material, is passed through a 75-m(No. 200) sieve. The loss in mass resulting from the washtreatment is calculated as mass percent of the original sampleand is reported as the percentage of mat
9、erial finer than a 75-m(No. 200) sieve by washing.4. Significance and Use4.1 Material finer than the 75-m (No. 200) sieve can beseparated from larger particles much more efficiently andcompletely by wet sieving than through the use of dry sieving.Therefore, when accurate determinations of material f
10、iner than75 m in fine or coarse aggregate are desired, this test methodis used on the sample prior to dry sieving in accordance withTest Method C 136. The results of this test method are includedin the calculation in Test Method C 136, and the total amountof material finer than 75 m by washing, plus
11、 that obtained bydry sieving the same sample, is reported with the results of TestMethod C 136. Usually, the additional amount of material finerthan 75 m obtained in the dry sieving process is a smallamount. If it is large, the efficiency of the washing operationshould be checked. It could also be a
12、n indication of degrada-tion of the aggregate.4.2 Plain water is adequate to separate the material finerthan 75 m from the coarser material with most aggregates. Insome cases, the finer material is adhering to the larger particles,such as some clay coatings and coatings on aggregates thathave been e
13、xtracted from bituminous mixtures. In these cases,the fine material will be separated more readily with a wettingagent in the water.1Available from American Association of State Highway and TransportationOfficials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001.This test method is
14、under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concreteand Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.20 onNormal Weight Aggregates.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2004. Published August 2004. Originallyapproved in 1935. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C 117
15、 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Association of State Highway and
16、 TransportationOfficials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5. Apparatus and Materials5.1 BalanceA balance or scale readable and accurate to0.1 g or 0.1 %
17、 of the test load, whichever is greater, at anypoint within the range of use.5.2 SievesA nest of two sieves, the lower being a 75-m(No. 200) sieve and the upper a 1.18-mm (No. 16) sieve, bothconforming to the requirements of Specification E 11.5.3 ContainerA pan or vessel of a size sufficient tocont
18、ain the sample covered with water and to permit vigorousagitation without loss of any part of the sample or water.5.4 OvenAn oven of sufficient size, capable of maintain-ing a uniform temperature of 110 6 5 C (230 6 9 F).5.5 Wetting AgentAny dispersing agent, such as liquiddishwashing detergents, th
19、at will promote separation of the finematerials.NOTE 1The use of a mechanical apparatus to perform the washingoperation is not precluded, provided the results are consistent with thoseobtained using manual operations. The use of some mechanical washingequipment with some samples may cause degradatio
20、n of the sample.6. Sampling6.1 Sample the aggregate in accordance with Practice D 75.If the same test sample is to be tested for sieve analysisaccording to Test Method C 136, comply with the applicablerequirements of that test method.6.2 Thoroughly mix the sample of aggregate to be testedand reduce
21、the quantity to an amount suitable for testing usingthe applicable methods described in Practice C 702. If the sametest sample is to be tested according to Test Method C 136, theminimum mass shall be as described in the applicable sectionsof that method. Otherwise, the mass of the test sample, after
22、drying, shall conform with the following:Nominal Maximum Size Minimum Mass, g4.75 mm (No. 4) or smaller 300Greater than 4.75 mm (No. 4)to 9.5 mm (38 in.)1000Greater than 9.5 mm (38 in.)to 19.0 mm (34 in.)2500Greater than 19.0 mm (34 in.) 50007. Selection of Procedure7.1 Procedure A shall be used, un
23、less otherwise specified bythe Specification with which the test results are to be com-pared, or when directed by the agency for which the work isperformed.8. Procedure AWashing with Plain Water8.1 Dry the test sample in the oven to constant mass at atemperature of 110 6 5 C (230 6 9 F). Determine t
24、he massto the nearest 0.1 % of the mass of the test sample.8.2 If the applicable specification requires that the amountpassing the 75-m (No. 200) sieve shall be determined on aportion of the sample passing a sieve smaller than the nominalmaximum size of the aggregate, separate the sample on thedesig
25、nated sieve and determine the mass of the materialpassing the designated sieve to 0.1 % of the mass of thisportion of the test sample. Use this mass as the original drymass of the test sample in 10.1.NOTE 2Some specifications for aggregates with a nominal maximumsize of 50 mm or greater, for example
26、, provide a limit for material passingthe 75-m (No. 200) sieve determined on that portion of the samplepassing the 25.0-mm sieve. Such procedures are necessary since it isimpractical to wash samples of the size required when the same testsample is to be used for sieve analysis by Test Method C 136.8
27、.3 After drying and determining the mass, place the testsample in the container and add sufficient water to cover it. Nodetergent, dispersing agent, or other substance shall be addedto the water. Agitate the sample with sufficient vigor to resultin complete separation of all particles finer than the
28、 75-m (No.200) sieve from the coarser particles, and to bring the finematerial into suspension. Immediately pour the wash watercontaining the suspended and dissolved solids over the nestedsieves, arranged with the coarser sieve on top. Take care toavoid, as much as feasible, the decantation of coars
29、er particlesof the sample.8.4 Add a second charge of water to the sample in thecontainer, agitate, and decant as before. Repeat this operationuntil the wash water is clear.NOTE 3If mechanical washing equipment is used, the charging ofwater, agitating, and decanting may be a continuous operation.8.5
30、Return all material retained on the nested sieves byflushing to the washed sample. Dry the washed aggregate in theoven to constant mass at a temperature of 110 6 5 C (230 69 F) and determine the mass to the nearest 0.1 % of theoriginal mass of the sample.NOTE 4Following the washing of the sample and
31、 flushing anymaterial retained on the 75-m (No. 200) sieve back into the container, nowater should be decanted from the container except through the 75-msieve, to avoid loss of material. Excess water from flushing should beevaporated from the sample in the drying process.9. Procedure BWashing Using
32、a Wetting Agent9.1 Prepare the sample in the same manner as for ProcedureA.9.2 After drying and determining the mass, place the testsample in the container. Add sufficient water to cover thesample, and add wetting agent to the water (Note 5). Agitatethe sample with sufficient vigor to result in comp
33、lete separationof all particles finer than the 75-m (No. 200) sieve from thecoarser particles, and to bring the fine material into suspension.Immediately pour the wash water containing the suspended anddissolved solids over the nested sieves, arranged with thecoarser sieve on top. Take care to avoid
34、, as much as feasible,the decantation of coarser particles of the sample.NOTE 5There should be enough wetting agent to produce a smallamount of suds when the sample is agitated. The quantity will depend onthe hardness of the water and the quality of the detergent. Excessive sudsmay overflow the siev
35、es and carry some material with them.9.3 Add a second charge of water (without wetting agent) tothe sample in the container, agitate, and decant as before.Repeat this operation until the wash water is clear.9.4 Complete the test as for Procedure A.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the amount of material
36、 passing a 75-m (No.200) sieve by washing as follows:A 5 B 2 C!/B 3 100 (1)C117042where:A = percentage of material finer than a 75-m (No. 200)sieve by washing,B = original dry mass of sample, g, andC = dry mass of sample after washing, g.11. Report11.1 Report the following information:11.1.1 Report
37、the percentage of material finer than the75-m (No. 200) sieve by washing to the nearest 0.1 %, exceptif the result is 10 % or more, report the percentage to thenearest whole number.11.1.2 Include a statement as to which procedure was used.12. Precision and Bias12.1 PrecisionThe estimates of precisio
38、n of this testmethod listed in Table 1 are based on results from theAASHTO Materials Reference Laboratory Proficiency SampleProgram, with testing conducted by this test method andAASHTO Method T 11. The significant differences betweenthe methods at the time the data were acquired is that MethodT 11
39、required, while Test Method C 117 prohibited, the use ofa wetting agent. The data are based on the analyses of morethan 100 paired test results from 40 to 100 laboratories.12.1.1 The precision values for fine aggregate in Table 1 arebased on nominal 500-g test samples. Revision of this testmethod in
40、 1994 permits the fine aggregate test sample size tobe 300 g minimum. Analysis of results of testing of 300-g and500-g test samples from Aggregate Proficiency Test Samples99 and 100 (Samples 99 and 100 were essentially identical)produced the precision values in Table 2, which indicates onlyminor dif
41、ferences due to test sample size.NOTE 6The values for fine aggregate in Table 1 will be revised toreflect the 300-g test sample size when a sufficient number of AggregateProficiency Tests have been conducted using that sample size to providereliable data.12.2 BiasSince there is no accepted reference
42、 materialsuitable for determining the bias for the procedure in this testmethod, no statement on bias is made.13. Keywords13.1 aggregate; coarse aggregate; fine aggregate; grading;loss by washing; 75 m (No. 200) sieve; size analysisASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any
43、patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revis
44、ion at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your c
45、omments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrig
46、hted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (
47、e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE 1 PrecisionStandardDeviation (1s)A,%Acceptable Rangeof two Results(d2s)A,%Coarse AggregateBSingle-Operator Precision 0.10 0.28Multilaboratory Precision 0.22 0.62Fine AggregateCSingle-Operator Precision 0.15 0.43Multilaboratory Precision 0.29 0
48、.82AThese numbers represent the (1s) and (d2s) limits as described in PracticeC 670.BPrecision estimates are based on aggregates having a nominal maximum sizeof 19.0 mm (14 in.) with less than 1.5% finer than the 75-m (No. 200) sieve.CPrecision estimates are based on fine aggregates having 1.0 to 3.
49、0% finerthan the 75-m (No. 200) sieve.TABLE 2 Precision Data for 300-g and 500-g Test SamplesFine Aggregate Proficiency SampleWithinLaboratoryBetweenLaboratoryTest ResultSampleSizeNo. ofLabsAverage 1s d2s 1s d2sAASHTO T11/ASTMC117500 g 270 1.23 0.08 0.24 0.23 0.66Total material passingthe No. 200 sieve bywashing (%)300 g 264 1.20 0.10 0.29 0.24 0.68C117043
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