1、Designation: C117 13C117 17Standard Test Method forMaterials Finer than 75-m (No. 200) Sieve in MineralAggregates by Washing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C117; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This test met
3、hod covers the determination of the amount of material finer than a 75-m (No. 200) sieve in aggregate bywashing. Clay particles and other aggregate particles that are dispersed by the wash water, as well as water-soluble materials, willbe removed from the aggregate during the test.1.2 Two procedures
4、 are included, one using only water for the washing operation, and the other including a wetting agent toassist the loosening of the material finer than the 75-m (No. 200) sieve from the coarser material. Unless otherwise specified,Procedure A (water only) shall be used.1.3 The values stated in SI u
5、nits are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requiremen
6、ts of the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to us
7、e.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to
8、Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse AggregatesC670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction MaterialsC702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing SizeD75 Pr
9、actice for Sampling AggregatesE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves2.2 AASHTO Standard:T11 Method of Test for Amount of Material Finer than 0.075-mm Sieve in Aggregate33. Summary of Test Method3.1 A sample of the aggregate is washed in a prescribed manner, using either pl
10、ain water or water containing a wetting agent,as specified. The decanted wash water, containing suspended and dissolved material, is passed through a 75-m (No. 200) sieve.The loss in mass resulting from the wash treatment is calculated as mass percent of the original sample and is reported as theper
11、centage of material finer than a 75-m (No. 200) sieve by washing.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.20 onNormal Weight Aggregates.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2013Aug. 1, 2017.
12、 Published March 2013August 2017. Originally approved in 1935. Last previous edition approved in 20042013 asC117 04.C117 13. DOI: 10.1520/C0117-13.10.1520/C0117-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book
13、 of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001.This document is not an ASTM standard and is in
14、tended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the cur
15、rent versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Significance and Use4.1 Mat
16、erial finer than the 75-m (No. 200) sieve can be separated from larger particles much more efficiently and completelyby wet sieving than through the use of dry sieving. Therefore, when accurate determinations of material finer than 75 m in fineor coarse aggregate are desired, this test method is use
17、d on the sample prior to dry sieving in accordance with Test Method C136.The results of this test method are included in the calculation in Test Method C136, and the total amount of material finer than75 m by washing, plus that obtained by dry sieving the same sample, is reported with the results of
18、 Test Method C136. Usually,the additional amount of material finer than 75 m obtained in the dry sieving process is a small amount. If it is large, the efficiencyof the washing operation should be checked. It could also be an indication of degradation of the aggregate.4.2 Plain water is adequate to
19、separate the material finer than 75 m from the coarser material with most aggregates. In somecases, the finer material is adhering to the larger particles, such as some clay coatings and coatings on aggregates that have beenextracted from bituminous mixtures. In these cases, the fine material will b
20、e separated more readily with a wetting agent in thewater.5. Apparatus and Materials5.1 BalanceAbalance or scale readable and accurate to 0.1 g or 0.1 % of the test load, whichever is greater, at any point withinthe range of use.5.2 SievesA nest of two sieves, the lower being a 75-m (No. 200) sieve
21、and the upper a 1.18-mm (No. 16) sieve, bothconforming to the requirements of Specification E11.5.3 ContainerA pan or vessel of a size sufficient to contain the sample covered with water and to permit vigorous agitationwithout loss of any part of the sample or water.5.4 OvenAn oven of sufficient siz
22、e, capable of maintaining a uniform temperature of 110 6 5 C.5C.5.5 Wetting AgentAny dispersing agent, such as liquid dishwashing detergents, that will promote separation of the finematerials.NOTE 1The use of a mechanical apparatus to perform the washing operation is not precluded, provided the resu
23、lts are consistent with those obtainedusing manual operations. The use of some mechanical washing equipment with some samples may cause degradation of the sample.6. Sampling6.1 Sample the aggregate in accordance with Practice D75. If the same test sample is to be tested for sieve analysis accordingt
24、o Test Method C136, comply with the applicable requirements of that test method.6.2 Thoroughly mix the sample of aggregate to be tested and reduce the quantity to an amount suitable for testing using theapplicable methods described in Practice C702. If the same test sample is to be tested according
25、to Test Method C136, theminimum mass shall be as described in the applicable sections of that method. Otherwise, the mass of the test sample, after drying,shall conform with the following:Nominal Maximum SizeA Minimum Mass, g4.75 mm (No. 4) or smaller 300Greater than 4.75 mm (No. 4)to 9.5 mm (38 in.
26、)1000Greater than 9.5 mm (38 in.)to 19.0 mm (34 in.)2500Greater than 19.0 mm (34 in.) 5000A Based on sieve sizes meeting Specification E11.7. Selection of Procedure7.1 Procedure A shall be used, unless otherwise specified by the Specification with which the test results are to be compared,or when di
27、rected by the agency for which the work is performed.8. Procedure AWashing with Plain Water8.1 Dry the test sample in the oven to constant mass at a temperature of 110 6 5 C. 5C. Determine the mass to the nearest0.1 % of the mass of the test sample.8.2 If the applicable specification requires that t
28、he amount passing the 75-m (No. 200) sieve shall be determined on a portionof the sample passing a sieve smaller than the nominal maximum size of the aggregate, separate the sample on the designated sieveand determine the mass of the material passing the designated sieve to 0.1 % of the mass of this
29、 portion of the test sample. Usethis mass as the original dry mass of the test sample in 10.1.NOTE 2Some specifications for aggregates with a nominal maximum size of 50 mm or greater, for example, provide a limit for material passing the75-m (No. 200) sieve determined on that portion of the sample p
30、assing the 25.0-mm sieve. Such procedures are necessary since it is impractical to washC117 172samples of the size required when the same test sample is to be used for sieve analysis by Test Method C136.8.3 After drying and determining the mass, place the test sample in the container and add suffici
31、ent water to cover it. Nodetergent, dispersing agent, or other substance shall be added to the water. Agitate the sample with sufficient vigor to result incomplete separation of all particles finer than the 75-m (No. 200) sieve from the coarser particles, and to bring the fine materialinto suspensio
32、n. Immediately pour the wash water containing the suspended and dissolved solids over the nested sieves, arrangedwith the coarser sieve on top. Take care to avoid, as much as feasible, the decantation of coarser particles of the sample.8.4 Add a second charge of water to the sample in the container,
33、 agitate, and decant as before. Repeat this operation until thewash water is clear.NOTE 3If mechanical washing equipment is used, the charging of water, agitating, and decanting may be a continuous operation.8.5 Return all material retained on the nested sieves by flushing to the washed sample. Dry
34、the washed aggregate in the ovento constant mass at a temperature of 110 6 5 C 5C and determine the mass to the nearest 0.1 % of the original mass of the sample.NOTE 4Following the washing of the sample and flushing any material retained on the 75-m (No. 200) sieve back into the container, no water
35、shouldbe decanted from the container except through the 75-m sieve, to avoid loss of material. Excess water from flushing should be evaporated from thesample in the drying process.9. Procedure BWashing Using a Wetting Agent9.1 Prepare the sample in the same manner as for Procedure A.9.2 After drying
36、 and determining the mass, place the test sample in the container. Add sufficient water to cover the sample, andadd wetting agent to the water (Note 5). Agitate the sample with sufficient vigor to result in complete separation of all particlesfiner than the 75-m (No. 200) sieve from the coarser part
37、icles, and to bring the fine material into suspension. Immediately pourthe wash water containing the suspended and dissolved solids over the nested sieves, arranged with the coarser sieve on top. Takecare to avoid, as much as feasible, the decantation of coarser particles of the sample.NOTE 5There s
38、hould be enough wetting agent to produce a small amount of suds when the sample is agitated. The quantity will depend on thehardness of the water and the quality of the detergent. Excessive suds may overflow the sieves and carry some material with them.9.3 Add a second charge of water (without wetti
39、ng agent) to the sample in the container, agitate, and decant as before. Repeatthis operation until the wash water is clear.9.4 Complete the test as for Procedure A.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the amount of material passing a 75-m (No. 200) sieve by washing as follows:A 5B 2C!/B# 3100 (1)where:A =
40、 percentage of material finer than a 75-m (No. 200) sieve by washing,B = original dry mass of sample, g, andC = dry mass of sample after washing, g.11. Report11.1 Report the following information:11.1.1 Report the percentage of material finer than the 75-m (No. 200) sieve by washing to the nearest 0
41、.1 %, except if theresult is 10 % or more, report the percentage to the nearest whole number.11.1.2 Include a statement as to which procedure was used.12. Precision and Bias12.1 PrecisionThe estimates of precision of this test method listed in Table 1 are based on results from theAASHTO MaterialsRef
42、erence Laboratory Proficiency Sample Program, with testing conducted by this test method and AASHTO MethodT 11T11Method of Test forAmount of Material Finer than 0.075-mm Sieve inAggregate3. The significant differences between themethods at the time the data were acquired is that Method T 11T11Method
43、 of Test for Amount of Material Finer than 0.075-mmSieve in Aggregate3 required, while Test Method C117 prohibited, the use of a wetting agent. The data are based on the analysesof more than 100 paired test results from 40 to 100 laboratories.12.1.1 The precision values for fine aggregate in Table 1
44、 are based on nominal 500-g test samples. Revision of this test methodin 1994 permits the fine aggregate test sample size to be 300 g minimum. Analysis of results of testing of 300-g and 500-g testsamples from Aggregate Proficiency Test Samples 99 and 100 (Samples 99 and 100 were essentially identic
45、al) produced theprecision values in Table 2, which indicates only minor differences due to test sample size.NOTE 6The values for fine aggregate in Table 1 will be revised to reflect the 300-g test sample size when a sufficient number ofAggregate ProficiencyTests have been conducted using that sample
46、 size to provide reliable data.C117 17312.2 BiasSince there is no accepted reference material suitable for determining the bias for the procedure in this test method,no statement on bias is made.13. Keywords13.1 aggregate; coarse aggregate; fine aggregate; grading; loss by washing; 75 m (No. 200) si
47、eve; size analysisSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (C117 13)that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Aug. 1, 2017.)(1) Added new 1.4 and renumbered subsequent sections accordingly.ASTM International takes
48、 no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own resp
49、onsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shoul
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