1、Designation: C118 11Standard Specification forConcrete Pipe for Irrigation or Drainage1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C118; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in
2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers nonreinforced concrete pipe tobe used for the conveyance of irrigation water with workingpressures, including hydrauli
3、c transients, as shown in Table 1and for use in drainage.1.2 A complete SI companion to Specification C118 hasbeen developedC118M; therefore, no SI equivalents arepresented in this specification.NOTE 1This specification is for manufacturing and purchase only anddoes not include requirements for bedd
4、ing, backfill, installation, or fieldrepairs. The owner is cautioned that he must correlate field conditions withthe characteristics of the pipe specified and provide inspection duringinstallation.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC150 Specification
5、for Portland CementC497 Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, orTileC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and RelatedProductsC989 Specification
6、for Slag Cement for Use in Concreteand MortarsC1116/C1116M Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Con-crete3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to con-crete pipe, see Terminology C822.4. Classification4.1 Pipe manufactured according to this specification shallbe known as “ASTM
7、Standard Concrete Irrigation Pipe,”“ASTM Standard Concrete Drainage Pipe,” or “ASTM Heavy-Duty Concrete Drainage Pipe.”5. Basis of Acceptance5.1 The acceptability of the pipe shall be determined by theresults of the tests prescribed in this specification, if and whenrequired and by inspection to det
8、ermine whether the pipeconforms to this specification as to design and freedom fromdefects.6. Materials6.1 ConcreteThe concrete shall consist of cementitiousmaterials, mineral, aggregates, and water.6.2 Cementitious Materials:6.2.1 CementCement shall conform to the requirementsfor portland cement of
9、 Specification C150 or shall be portlandblast-furnace slag cement, or slag modified portland cement, orportland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements ofSpecification C595, except that the pozzolan constituent in theType IP portland-pozzolan cement shall be fly ash.1This specification is und
10、er the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 onConcrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.01 onNon-Reinforced Concrete Sewer, Drain and Irrigation Pipe.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2011. Published October 2011. Originallyapproved in 1935. Last previous edition approved in 2
11、005 as C118 05a. DOI:10.1520/C0118-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.TABLE 1 Standard Dimens
12、ions, Working Pressure, and TestRequirements for Standard Concrete Irrigation PipeAInternalDesignatedDiameter, in.Thicknessof Wall,T,in.WorkingPressure,BftMinimumInternalHydrostaticTest Pressure,psiMinimumThree-Edge-BearingLoad, lbf/linear ft678 30 50 13008 1 30 50 135010 118 30 50 140012 114 25 45
13、150014 138 25 45 160015 112 25 45 165016 112 25 45 170018 134 25 45 180020 2 25 40 185021 218 25 40 190024 214 25 40 2000AFor hydrostatic test requirements, refer to 10.5.BHigher working pressures are not prohibited up to a maximum of 40 ft for 6through 8-in. diameters, 35 ft for 10 through 12-in. d
14、iameters, and 30 ft. for 14-in.through 24-in. diameters. In these cases, the strength of the pipe shall beincreased to give a minimum of at least four times the design working pressurewhen tested as specified in 10.5.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocke
15、n, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.2.2 Fly AshFly ash shall conform to the requirements ofSpecification C618, Class F or Class C.6.2.3 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS)GGBFS shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120of Specification C989.6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementiti
16、ous MaterialsThe combination of cementitious materials used in the concreteshall be one of the following:6.2.4.1 Portland cement only,6.2.4.2 Portland blast furnace slag cement only,6.2.4.3 Slag modified portland cement only,6.2.4.4 Portland pozzolan cement only,6.2.4.5 A combination of portland cem
17、ent and fly ash,6.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement and groundgranulated blast-furnace slag, or6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement, fly ash (not toexceed 25 % of the total cementitious weight) and groundgranulated blast furnace slag (not to exceed 25 % of the totalcementitious weight).6.3
18、AggregatesAggregates shall conform to SpecificationC33, except that the requirements for gradation shall not apply.6.4 Admixtures and BlendsOwner is not prohibited fromobtaining the record of mix design used.6.5 Synthetic Fibers, Collated fibrillated virgin polypropyl-ene fibers are not prohibited i
19、n concrete pipe as a nonstructuralmanufacturing material. Only Type III synthetic fibers de-signed and manufactured specifically for use in concrete andconforming to the requirements of Specification C1116/C1116M shall be accepted.7. Design7.1 Design TablesDesign requirements shall be in accor-dance
20、 with Table 1 for standard concrete irrigation pipe or withthe applicable part of Table 2 for concrete drainage pipe. Wallthicknesses used shall be not less than the values shown, exceptas affected by the tolerances herein specified and by theprovision for alternative design.7.2 Modified DesignManuf
21、acturers shall submit to theowner for approval prior to manufacture, wall thicknessesother than those shown in Table 1 or Table 2. Such pipe shallmeet all of the test and performance requirements specified bythe owner in accordance with Section 10.7.3 Laying LengthsUnless otherwise specified by theo
22、wner when calling for bids, maximum lengths of individualunits of drainage pipe shall not exceed 30 in. for sizes 4 in.through 6 in., 36 in. for sizes 8 in. through 15 in., and 48 in. forlarger sizes.8. Joints8.1 The joints of both irrigation and drainage pipe shall beof such design and the ends of
23、the concrete pipe sections soformed that the pipe can be laid together to make a continuousline of pipe compatible with the permissible variations given inSection 11.8.1.1 The joints of concrete drain tile shall conform to 8.1without the use of mortar or other jointing material and allowwater to ent
24、er without permitting the entrance of deleteriousamounts of solids.9. Concrete Mixture9.1 The aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, andthoroughly mixed with such proportions of cementitious ma-terials and water as will produce a homogeneous concretemixture of such quality that the pipe wi
25、ll conform to the testand design requirements of this specification.10. Physical Requirements10.1 Test SpecimensSpecimens for tests shall be full-sizepipe which shall in every respect conform to the inspectionrequirements prescribed in this specification.10.2 Number and Type of Tests Required:10.2.1
26、 The specimens to be tested shall be selected atrandom by the owner at the place of manufacture, and shall betested in advance of shipment. The manufacturer shall furnishspecimens for purpose of tests, without charge, up to 0.5 % ofthe number of pipe of each size included in the order, exceptthat in
27、 no case shall less than two specimens be furnished, themanufacturer bearing all expense of testing each pipe. Shoulda larger number of specimens be tested upon demand of theowner or manufacturer, then the cost of such additional testspecimens and the expense of testing shall be borne by theparty ma
28、king such demand.10.2.2 The owner shall specify the proportion of irrigationpipe specimens that shall be subjected to the three-edge-bearing load tests, and the proportion that shall be subjected tothe hydrostatic test.10.2.3 All drainage pipe to be tested shall be subjected tothe three-edge-bearing
29、 load tests, and one half of the number ofpipe so tested shall be subjected to the Test Method A or TestMethod B absorption test in accordance with Test MethodsC497, or other absorption test approved by the owner.10.3 External Load Test RequirementsThe pipe, whentested in accordance with Test Method
30、s C497 shall sustain theload prescribed in Table 1 or Table 2 for each respective sizeand class of pipe.10.3.1 It is not prohibited to fill depressions of exteriorsurface irregularities with plaster of paris to equalize thebearing surfaces. If mutually agreed upon between the manu-facturer and owner
31、, other types of bearings such as hard rubberTABLE 2 Physical Test Requirements for Standard and Heavy-Duty Concrete Drainage PipeAInternalDesignated Diameter,in.Standard Drainage Pipe Heavy-Duty Drainage PipeThicknessof Wall,in.MinimumThree-Edge-Bearing Load, lbf/linear ftThicknessof Wall,in.Minimu
32、mThree-Edge-Bearing Load,lbf/linear ft434 120034 1400534 125034 1400678 130078 14008 1 1350 1 150010 118 1400 118 155012 114 1500 114 170014 138 1600 112 185015 112 1650 112 198016 112 1700 158 210018 134 1800 2 234020 2 1850 214 250021 218 1900 214 268024 214 2000 212 3000AFor absorption test requi
33、rements, refer to 10.4.C118 112blocks or sand-filled high-pressure hose are acceptable. Theuser of this specification is advised that sand or other loose finematerial may be spread along the length of the crown of thepipe to equalize the upper bearing.10.3.2 The load shall be applied continuously un
34、til thestrength specified in Table 1 or Table 2 is reached. The pipeshall not be allowed to stand under load longer than is requiredto apply the load and to observe and record it. The pipe shallbe surface-dry when tested. Tests shall not be made on frozenpipe.10.4 Absorption TestTest specimens shall
35、 be subjected tothe boiling absorption test in accordance with Test MethodsC497. For Test Method A, three test specimens shall be takenfrom each pipe unit to be tested; one of the pieces shall betaken from one end of the pipe, another piece from the oppositeend, and the third piece from near the cen
36、ter. For Test MethodA, each test specimen shall be free of visible cracks, shall havea minimum area of not less than 20 in.2as measured on onesurface. The average absorption of the three specimens shall beconsidered to be the absorption for that pipe. The absorption ofconcrete drainage pipe as deter
37、mined by the boiling absorptiontest shall not exceed 9 % for Test Method A or 8.5 % for TestMethod B.10.5 Hydrostatic Tests:10.5.1 Irrigation pipe, when tested in accordance with thehydrostatic test procedures of Test Methods C497, shall sustainan internal hydrostatic pressure of 10 psi for 10 min w
38、ithoutexcessive leakage through the wall of the pipe. Moistureappearing on the surface of the pipe in the form of patches orbeads adhering to the surface shall not be considered asexcessive leakage. Slow-forming beads of water from pinholesthat result in minor dripping and slight pinhole spurts that
39、 willnot interfere with the use of the pipe in service will not because for rejection.10.5.2 The pipe shall not fail when, after completion of theportion of the test described in 10.5.1, the pressure is increasedto the minimum hydrostatic pressure specified in Table 1.10.6 RetestsIrrigation pipe sha
40、ll be acceptable under theload and hydrostatic test requirements when all test specimensconform to the test requirements. Drainage pipe shall beacceptable under the load and absorption test requirementswhen all the test specimens conform to the test requirements.Should any of the initial test specim
41、ens fail to meet the testrequirements, the manufacturer will be allowed a retest on twoadditional specimens for each initial specimen that failed, andthe tested lot will be acceptable only if all retest specimensmeet the test requirements. In the event these retest specimensdo not fully conform to t
42、he test requirements, the entire lotshall be rejected without further test. The manufacturer shallbear all the expense of retesting.11. Permissible Variations11.1 Internal DiameterThe internal diameter shall not beless than the values shown in Table 1 and Table 2 by more than316 in. for pipe 4, 5, o
43、r 6 in. in diameter, by more than14 in. forpipe from 8 to 18 in. in diameter, and by not more than516 in.for pipe over 18 in. in diameter.11.2 Wall ThicknessThe minimum wall thickness of thepipe shall be not more than 5 %, or116 in., whichever isgreater, less than the wall thickness specified in Tab
44、le 1 orTable 2 for the applicable class of pipe, or as specified in anapproved alternative design.12. Workmanship and Finish12.1 Pipe shall be substantially free of fractures and surfaceroughness.13. Repairs13.1 Pipe repaired because of occasional imperfections inmanufacturing or accidental injury d
45、uring handling will beacceptable if, in the opinion of the owner, the repairs are soundand properly finished and cured and the repaired pipe conformsto the requirements of this specification.14. Inspection14.1 The quality of all materials and the finished pipe shallbe subject to inspection and appro
46、val by the owner.15. Rejection15.1 Individual pipe units shall be subject to rejection onaccount of failure to conform to any of the specificationrequirements or on account of any of the following:15.1.1 Fractures or cracks passing through the wall exceptfor an end crack that does not exceed the dep
47、th of the joint, ora fracture that at its deepest point does not exceed the depth ofthe joint nor extend more than 10 % around the circumferenceof the joint.15.1.2 Defects that indicate mixing and molding, not incompliance with 9.1.15.1.3 The complete absence of distinct web-like markingsfrom the ex
48、ternal surface of the pipe made by any process inwhich the forms are removed immediately after the concretehas been placed, which is indicative of a deficiency of water inthe concrete mix, unless all specimens submitted for test thatdo not have such web-like markings shall have passed thephysical te
49、sts herein required.16. Product Marking16.1 The letter “H” shall be stamped with waterproof ink, orother permanent manner, on all heavy-duty concrete drainagepipe.17. Keywords17.1 absorption; acceptance criteria; concrete; design;drainage; hydrostatic; irrigation; joints; manufacture; nonrein-forced; pipe; pressure; tests; three-edge bearingC118 113ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly
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