1、Designation: C 1185 03Standard Test Methods forSampling and Testing Non-Asbestos Fiber-Cement FlatSheet, Roofing and Siding Shingles, and Clapboards1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1185; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、 in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover sampling and testing ofnon-asbestos fiber-cement flat
3、sheets, roofing shingles, sidingshingles, and clapboards. These products may be smooth orsurface textured. These test methods are utilized in evaluatingproducts cited in Specifications C 1186, C 1225, C 1288, andC 1325.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any,
4、associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in
5、 parentheses are forinformation only.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C20 Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Water Absorp-tion, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density ofBurned Refractory Brick and Shapes by Boiling Water2C 1154 Terminology for Non-Asbestos Fiber-ReinforcedCement Produ
6、cts3C 1186 Specification for Flat Non-Asbestos Fiber-CementSheets3C 1225 Specification for Non-Asbestos Fiber-CementRoofing Shingles, Shakes, and Slates3C 1288 Specification for Discrete Non-Abestos Fiber-Cement Interior Substrate Sheets3C 1325 Specification for Fiber-Mat Reinforced Non-Abestos Ceme
7、nt Interior Substrate Sheets32.2 ISO Standards:ISO 390 Product in Fiber Reinforced Cement Sampling andInspection4ISO 2859-0 Sampling Procedures for Inspection byAttributesPart 0: Introduction to the ISO 2859AttributeSampling System4ISO 2859-1 Sampling Procedures for Inspection byAttributesPart 1: Sa
8、mpling Schemes Indexed byAccep-tance Quality Limit (AQL) for Lot-by-Lot Inspection4ISO 3951 Sampling Procedures and Charts for Inspectionby Variables for Percent Nonconforming43. Terminology3.1 Definitions: Refer to Terminology C 1154.3.1.1 densitythe mass per unit volume expressed inpounds per cubi
9、c foot (lb/ft3) or kilograms per cubic metre(kg/m3).3.1.2 flexural strengththe average flexural strength is theaverage of two perpendicular breaks expressed in pound-forceper square inch (megapascals) as calculated from the averagebreaking load of wet or equilibrium test specimens, loaded assimple b
10、eams, with the load applied at the center.3.1.3 heat-rain sheetsfixed to a building frame in accor-dance with the manufacturers recommended installation prac-tices. The sheeted frame is then subjected to alternate wettingand heating cycles and any structural alteration of the sheetcaused by the test
11、 is reported.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 dimensionsfor the purpose of these test methods, thelength, width and thickness of fiber-cement flat sheets, roofingshingles, siding shingles, and clapboard are measured underspecified conditions.3.2.2 moisture contentfor the purp
12、ose of these test meth-ods, the percentage of moisture content of the fiber-cementproduct when conditioned at 50 6 5 % relative humidity and atemperature of 73 6 4F (23 6 2C).3.2.3 moisture movementin these test methods, the linearvariation in length and width of test specimen, with change inmoistur
13、e content.3.2.4 water absorptionfor the purpose of these test meth-ods, the increase in mass of the test specimen expressed as apercentage of its dry mass after immersion in water for aspecified period of time as prescribed.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C17 onFiber
14、-Reinforced Cement Products and are the direct responsibility of Subcommit-tee C17.02 on Non-Asbestos Fiber Cement Products.Current edition approved July 10, 2003. Published August 2003. Originallyapproved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as C 1185 99.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, V
15、ol 15.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.05.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4. Sampling and Inspection4
16、.1 Employ sampling procedures providing an acceptablequality level (AQL) of 4 % at a 90 % confidence level with asample size given by special inspection level S3, except wherespecific sampling is required by particular test procedures.4.2 Acceptable Quality Level (AQL)The acceptable qual-ity level (
17、AQL) may be defined as follows:4.2.1 The maximum percent nonconforming that, for pur-poses of sampling inspection, can be considered satisfactory asa process or long-term average, and4.2.2 A quality level which corresponds to relatively highprobability (commonly 90 %) of acceptance.4.3 Sample SizeTh
18、e sample size is determined accordingto the inspection lot size by the special inspection level S3 ofISO 2589-1 where the inspection is by attributes or specialinspection level S3 of ISO 3951 where the inspection is byvariables.NOTE 1When a manufacturers process satisfies a sampling schemewith an AQ
19、L of 4 % then this indicates that better than 96 % of theinspected production exceeds the specifications. Under this type ofspecification the consumer is provided the protection and confidence of aclearly defined lower boundary. This would not be true if acceptance werebased solely on the average va
20、lue of the measured property. Examples ofsampling schemes which may be used can be found in documents such asISO 390, ISO 2859-1,orISO 3951. Other sampling schemes may be used.Inspection by attributes is a method which consists of determining, forevery item of a sample, the presence or absence of a
21、certain qualitativecharacteristic (attribute) with respect to the applicable specification. It is,in essence, a pass-fail inspection which determines the number of items ina sample that do conform to the specification and the number of those thatdo not conform. An attribute could be a dimensional me
22、asurement, or aflexural strength value, or others that are described in these test methods.Inspection by variable is a method which consists of measuring aquantitative characteristic for each item in a sample. Conformance withthe applicable specification is determined from the mean values of themeas
23、ured properties and the statistical variations of these values aboveand below the mean. These procedures detail sampling plans to suit allcommon sampling situations. The sampling plans specify the number ofspecimens to be taken from each batch and the acceptance/rejectioncriteria. The specified insp
24、ection levels have been selected to suitfiber-cement products, to balance the cost of assessment against confi-dence in results commensurate with this industry.5. Flexural Strength (Modulus of Rupture)5.1 Significance and UseThis is a routine test measuringa primary product characteristic used for p
25、roduct grading.5.2 Procedure:5.2.1 Preparation of Test Specimens, (Flat Sheets)Cut apair of specimens, each 6 6116 in. (152 6 1.6 mm) in widthand 12 6116 in. (305 6 1.6 mm) in length, from the interiorarea of each sample sheet in such a manner that no edge ofspecimen is less that 3 in. (76 mm) from
26、the original edges ofthe sheet. The longer dimension of one of the specimens ofeach pair shall be parallel to the length of the sheet (that is,parallel with the fiber lay), and the other shall be at right anglesto it.5.2.2 Preparation of Test Specimens, (Roofing Shingles,Siding Shingles, and Clapboa
27、rds)Cut a single specimen 6 6116 in. (1526 1.6 mm) in width and 12 6116 in. (305 6 1.6mm) in length from each unit. Cut one half of the specimens insuch a manner that the 12-in. (305-mm) dimension of eachspecimen is parallel to one edge of the shingle or clapboardunit; cut one half of the specimens
28、at right angles thereto.NOTE 2Alternate test specimen dimensions and span may be usedprovided that the ratio of the test span to specimen thickness is not lessthan 18, and that the actual span used be reported.5.2.3 Conditioning:5.2.3.1 Equilibrium ConditioningPlace the test speci-mens, for at least
29、 four days thickness19.4 ft2(1.8 m2) for 2 specimens,(2)Area per sheet 19.4 ft2(1.8 m2) or a sufficient number ofspecimens to cover an area of 37.7 ft2(3.5 m2), and(3) If the combined area of the sheets exceeds 37.7 ft2(3.5m2) the sheet lengths may be reduced to provide a test area notless than 37.5
30、 ft2(3.5 m2).14.3.1.5 Avoid any significant external air flow during thetest period.14.3.2 Fix the sample sheets to the test frame, observing allmanufacturers recommendations. The edge fixing distanceshall be the minimum allowed. The center distance betweenfixing shall be the maximum allowed. Includ
31、e all weather-proofing and other attachments normally specified in theassembly. Where sheets are recommended to have overlappingjoints, assemble the test frame accordingly. Set the sheeted testframe in a vertical position. Provide a water spray station towet one surface, along with a heating station
32、, to provideuniform radiant heat. Subject the sheeted test frame to thenumber of cycles specified in the applicable standard specifi-cation meeting the following requirements.14.3.3 Water spray at a rate of 1 gal/min for a period of 2 h,55 min, water temperature not to exceed 86F (30C),14.3.4 Pause
33、for a period of 5 min,14.3.5 Radiant heat to give a measurement plate (1) tem-perature across the complete test frame surface of 140 6 9F(60 6 5C) for a period of 2 h, 55 min, and14.3.6 Pause for a period of 5 min.NOTE 6A measurement plate is defined as an aluminum plate 2 by 2in. (50 by 50 mm) of 0
34、.040-in. (1-mm) thickness having a black mattefinish. A suggested method for obtaining a black matte finish is tocompletely blacken the measurement plate with soot from a burningcandle. The measurement plate shall have a thermal couple or similardevice attached to the surface of the plate.14.4 Repor
35、tOn completion of the final test cycle, inspectthe sheets with the unaided eye and report any damage orstructural alteration caused by the test.14.5 Precision and BiasNo statement is made about eitherthe precision or bias of Test Methods C 1185 for heat/rainwall structures, since the result merely s
36、tates whether there isconformance to the criteria for success specified in the proce-dure.15. Heat/RainRoof Structures15.1 Significance and UseThis test is used to assess theinstalled performance of fiber cement roofing products undercyclic changes in moisture content.15.2 Fiber cement roofing mater
37、ials are fastened to a roofingframe in accordance with the manufacturers recommendedinstallation practices. The assembled frame is then subjected toalternate wetting and heating cycles, and any structural alter-ation of the roofing materials caused by the test is reported.15.3 Test Specimens Fiber c
38、ement roofing product speci-mens used for the test shall be drawn at random from the stockof finished products. The number of specimens required willdepend upon the manufacturers installation recommendationsand the size of the assembly to be tested.15.4 Procedure:15.4.1 Assemble a roof test frame ac
39、cording to the manu-facturers recommendations that simulates the rigidity of thefield installation. The construction of the frame should be aminimum of 47.7 ft2(4.5 m2).15.4.1.1 Avoid any significant external air flow during thetest period.15.4.2 Fix the roofing materials to the test frame, observin
40、gall manufacturers recommendations. The head lapping dis-tance shall be the minimum allowed. All weatherproofing andother attachments normally specified shall be included in theassembly. The assembled test frame may be set in a plane downto a minimum slope of one in four, or alternatively may be set
41、in a vertical position. A water spray station is provided to wetthe top weather surface, along with a heating station to provideuniform radiant heat. The sheeted test frame should be sub-jected to the number of cycles specified in the applicablestandard specification meeting the following requiremen
42、ts.15.4.2.1 Water spray at a rate of 1 gal/min (4 L/min) for aperiod of 2 h, 55 min, with a water temperature not to exceed86F (40C).15.4.2.2 Pause for a period of 5 min.15.4.2.3 Radiant heat to give a measurement plate (1)temperature across the complete test frame surface of 140 69F (60 6 5C) for a
43、 period of 2 h and 55 min.15.4.2.4 Pause for a period of 5 min.NOTE 7A measurement plate is defined as an aluminum plate 2 by 2in. (50 by 50 mm) of 0.040-in. (1-mm) thickness having a black mattefinish. A suggested method for obtaining a black matte finish is tocompletely blacken the measurement pla
44、te with soot from a burningcandle. The measurement plate shall have a thermal couple or similardevice attached to the surface of the plate.15.5 ReportOn completion of the final test cycle, inspectthe roofing products with the unaided eye and report anydamage or structural alteration caused by the te
45、st.15.6 Precision and BiasNo statement is made about eitherthe precision or bias of Test Methods C 1185 for heat/rainroof structures, since the result merely states whether there isconformance to the criteria for success specified in the proce-dure.16. Freeze/ThawRoofing Products16.1 Significance an
46、d UseThis test investigates the deg-radation of the product due to exposure to repeated freeze-thawcycles. This test is a comparative one based on the percentageof strength reduction after a specified number of cycles.16.2 Test SpecimensTwenty test specimens shall be cutfrom ten separate pieces of p
47、roduct. Product to be tested shallbe conditioned for 28 days at 73 6 4F (23 6 2C) and arelative humidity of 50 6 5 %. The specimens shall be 12 in.(305 mm) long and 6 in. (152 mm) wide or one-half the widthof an individual piece, if the piece is less than 12 in. wide. CutC1185037two specimens from e
48、ach piece of product, so that at least 50% of the top surface area will come form the area of the piecethat would normally be exposed, as specified in the manufac-turers installation instructions. There shall be at least one cutedge of 12 in. that exposes the substrate on each specimen.Label each pi
49、ece to identify which two pieces were cut from aspecific sample.16.3 Procedure:16.3.1 Divide the test specimens from each piece to formtwo sets of ten specimens each. One set is for control and oneis for freeze/thaw testing. Control specimens shall be retainedin a freezer at -10 6 10F (-23 6 6C) to retard hydration.16.3.2 Saturate one set of ten test specimens by immersingthem in water at a temperature of 60 6 18F (16 6 10C) fora minimum of 48 h.16.3.3 The specimens shall be sealed individually intoplastic bags surrounded on al
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