1、Designation: C1199 091C1199 12Standard Test Method forMeasuring the Steady-State Thermal Transmittance ofFenestration Systems Using Hot Box Methods1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1199; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, i
2、n the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1 NOTEEditorial changes were made throughout in September 2009.1. Scope1.1 This test method co
3、vers requirements and guidelines and specifies calibration procedures required for the measurement ofthe steady-state thermal transmittance of fenestration systems installed vertically in the test chamber. This test method specifiesthe necessary measurements to be made using measurement systems conf
4、orming to Test Method C1363 for determination offenestration system thermal transmittance.NOTE 1This test method allows the testing of projecting fenestration products (that is, garden windows, skylights, and roof windows) installedvertically in a surround panel. Current research on skylights, roof
5、windows, and projecting products hopefully will provide additional information thatcan be added to the next version of this test method so that skylight and roof windows can be tested horizontally or at some angle typical of a slopingroof.1.2 This test method refers to the thermal transmittance, U o
6、f a fenestration system installed vertically in the absence of solarradiation and air leakage effects.NOTE 2The methods described in this document may also be adapted for use in determining the thermal transmittance of sections of building wall,and roof and floor assemblies containing thermal anomal
7、ies, which are smaller than the hot box metering area.1.3 This test method describes how to determine the thermal transmittance, US of a fenestration product (also called testspecimen) at well-defined environmental conditions. The thermal transmittance is also a reported test result from Test Method
8、C1363. If only the thermal transmittance is reported using this test method, the test report must also include a detailed descriptionof the environmental conditions in the thermal chamber during the test as outlined in 10.1.14.1.4 For rating purposes, this test method also describes how to calculate
9、 a standardized thermal transmittance, UST, which canbe used to compare test results from laboratories with vastly different thermal chamber configurations, and facilitates thecomparison to results from computer programs that use standard heat transfer coefficients to determine the thermal transmitt
10、anceof fenestration products. Although this test method specifies two methods of calculating the standardized thermal transmittance,only the standardized thermal transmittance result from one method is reported for each test. One standardized thermaltransmittance calculation procedure is the Calibra
11、tion Transfer Standard (CTS) Method and another is the Area Weighting (AW)Method (see Section 9 for further descriptions of these two methods). The Area Weighting method requires that the surfacetemperatures on both sides of the test specimen be directly measured as specified in Practice E1423 in or
12、der to determine thesurface heat transfer coefficients on the fenestration product during the test. The CTS Method does not use the measured surfacetemperatures on the test specimen and instead utilizes the calculation of equivalent surface temperatures from calibration data todetermine the test spe
13、cimen surface heat transfer coefficients. The AW shall be used whenever the thermal transmittance, US, isgreater than 3.4 W/(m2K) 0.6 Btu/(hrft2F), or when the ratio of test specimen projected surface area to wetted (that is, totalheat transfer or developed) surface area on either side of the test s
14、pecimen is less than 0.80. Otherwise the CTS Method shall beused to standardize the thermal transmittance results.1.5 A discussion of the terminology and underlying assumptions for measuring the thermal transmittance are included.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
15、The values given in parentheses are provided for informationpurposes only.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.30 on ThermalMeasurement.Current edition approved June 1, 2009Sept. 1, 2012. Publish
16、ed July 2009 January 2013. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 20082009 asC1199 00 (2008).C1199 091. DOI: 10.1520/C1199-09E01.10.1520/C1199-12.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes h
17、ave been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official d
18、ocument.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States11.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appro
19、priate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of t
20、heGuarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusC518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter ApparatusC1045 Practice for Calculating Thermal Transmission Properties Under Steady-State ConditionsC1114 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Me
21、ans of the Thin-Heater ApparatusC1363 Test Method for Thermal Performance of Building Materials and EnvelopeAssemblies by Means of a Hot BoxApparatusE283 Test Method for Determining Rate of Air Leakage Through Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under SpecifiedPressure Differences Across the
22、SpecimenE631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE783 Test Method for Field Measurement of Air Leakage Through Installed Exterior Windows and DoorsE1423 Practice for Determining Steady State Thermal Transmittance of Fenestration Systems2.2 ISO Standards:ISO 8990 Thermal Insulation-Determination of
23、Steady-State Thermal Transmission PropertiesCalibrated and Guarded HotBox2ISO125671 Thermal InsulationThermal Performance of Windows and DoorsDetermination of Thermal Transmittance byHot Box MethodPart 1 Complete Windows and Doors2ISO125672 Thermal InsulationDetermination of Thermal Transmittance by
24、 Hot Box MethodPart 2: Roof Windows andOther Projecting Windows22.3 Other Standards:NFRC 100 2004 Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product Thermal U-factors3NFRC 102 2004 Procedure for Measuring the Steady-State Thermal Transmittance of Fenestration Systems3NFRC 200 2004 Procedure for Determin
25、ing Fenestration Product Solar Heat Gain Coefficient and Visible Transmittance atNormal Incidence3BS874 Part 3, Section 3.1, 1987, British Standard Methods for Determining Thermal Insulation Properties, (Part 3, Tests forThermal Transmittance and Conductance, Section 3.1) Guarded Hot Box Method4BS87
26、4 Part 3, Section 3.2, 1990, British Standard Methods for Determining Thermal Insulation Properties, Part 3, Tests forThermal Transmittance and Conductance, Section 3.2 Calibrated Hot Box Method4ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals 200953. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions and terms are in accordance wi
27、th definitions in Terminologies E631 and C168, from which thefollowing have been selected and modified to apply to fenestration systems. See Fig. 1 for temperature locations.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 apparent thermal conductanceA thermal conductance assigned to a mater
28、ial that exhibits thermal transmission byseveral modes of heat transfer resulting in property variation with specimen thickness, or surface emittance.3.2.2 calibration transfer standard, nan insulation board with a known measured thermal conductance that is faced withglazing, and instrumented with t
29、emperature sensors either between the glazing and the insulation board core or on the exteriorsurface of the glazing, which is used to calibrate the surface resistances and the surround panel (see AnnexA1 for design guidelinesfor Calibration Transfer Standards).3.2.3 projecting products, na non-plan
30、ar product where the glazing projects outward past the cold side surround panel surfaceplane (that is, skylights, garden windows).3.2.4 standardized thermal transmittance, nUST, the heat transmission in unit time through unit area of a test specimen andstandardized boundary air films, induced by uni
31、t temperature difference between the environments on each side.2 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.3 Available from National Fenestration Rating Council, 6305 Ivy Lane, Suite 140, Greenbelt, MD 20770.4 Avail
32、able from British Standards Institute (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Rd., London W4 4AL, U.K., http:/www.bsi-.5 Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329,http:/www.ashrae.org.C1199 1223.2.5 surface he
33、at transfer coeffcient, nh, (sometimes called surface conductance or film coeffcient.) the time rate of heat flowfrom a unit area of a surface to its surroundings, induced by a unit temperature difference between the surface and the environment.3.2.6 surround panel (sometimes called themask, mask wa
34、ll,or homogeneous wall),na homogeneous panel with an openingwhere the Calibration Transfer Standard or the test specimen is installed. When there is no test specimen aperture, or the openingis filled with the same thickness of surround panel assembly, it is called a characterization panel. (see 5.1.
35、1.1, and Annex A11 ofTest Method C1363 for a description of surround panels and characterization panels.)3.2.7 test specimen, nthe fenestration system or product being tested.3.2.8 thermal transmittance, nUS(sometimes called the overall coefficient of heat transfer) the heat transfer in unit timethr
36、ough unit area of a test specimen and its boundary air films, induced by unit temperature difference between the environmentson each side.3.3 SymbolsThe symbols, terms, and units used in this test method are as follows:Ah = total heat transfer (or developed) surface area of test specimen on room sid
37、e, m2,Ac = total heat transfer (or developed) surface area of test specimen on weather side, m2,Ab1 = area of room side baffle and all other surfaces in view of the test specimen, m2,Ab2 = area of weather side baffle and all other surfaces in view of the test specimen, m2,AS = projected area of test
38、 specimen (same as test specimen aperture in surround panel), m2,Asp = projected area of surround panel (does not include test specimen aperture in surround panel), m2, = absorptance of surface,Cg = apparent thermal conductance of glass or acceptable transparent plastic facing on calibration transfe
39、r standard,W/(m2 K),Csp = apparent thermal conductance of surround panel (surface to surface), W/(m2 K), determined by means of PracticeC1045 used with either Test Method C177, Test Method C518 or Test Method C1114,Ctscore = apparent thermal conductance of calibration transfer standard core, W/(m2K)
40、, determined by means of andPractice C1045 used with either Test Method C177, Test Method C518 or Test Method C1114Ctsassembly = apparent thermal conductance of calibration transfer standard assembly, W/(m2K), determined by means ofPractice C1045 used with either Test Method C177 and Test Method C51
41、8 or Test Method C1114. = total hemispherical emittance of surface,hSTh = standardized surface heat transfer coefficient, room side, (W/m2K),FIG. 1 Schematic Representation of Various Temperatures for Fenestration SystemsC1199 123hSTc = standardized surface heat transfer coefficient, weather side, (
42、W/m2K),hh = surface heat transfer coefficient, room side, W/(m2K),hc = surface heat transfer coefficient, weather side, W/(m2K),Kc = convection coefficient, W/(m2K1.25),L = length of heat flow path, m,Q = time rate of heat flow through the total surround panel/test specimen system, W,Qc = time rate
43、of convective heat flow from test specimen surface, W,Qfl = time rate of flanking loss heat flow around surround panel, W,Qr = time rate of net radiative heat flow from test specimen surface to the surroundings, W,QS = time rate of heat flow through the test specimen, W,Qsp = rime rate of heat flow
44、through the surround panel as determined from measured conductance Cts and area weightedsurround panel surface temperatures, W,q = heat flux (time rate of heat flow through unit area), W/m2,qS = heat flux through the test specimen, W/m2,qr1 = net radiative heat flux to the room side of the test spec
45、imen, W/m2,qr2 = net radiative heat flux from the weather side of the test specimen, W/m2,qc1 = convective heat flux to the room side of the test specimen, W/m2,qc2 = convective heat flux from the weather side of the test specimen, W/m2, = reflectance of surface,rh = surface resistance, room side, m
46、2K/W,rc = surface resistance, weather side, m2K/W,RS = overall thermal resistance of test specimen (air to air under test conditions), m2K/W,tb1 = equivalent radiative baffle surface temperature, room side, K or C,tb2 = equivalent radiative baffle surface temperature, weather side, K or C,th = avera
47、ge temperature of room side air, C,tc = average temperature of weather side air, C,t1 = average area weighted temperature of test specimen room side surface, K or C,t2 = average area weighted temperature of test specimen weather side surface, K or C,tsp1 = area-weighted room side surround panel surf
48、ace temperature, K or Ctsp2 = area-weighted weather side surround panel surface temperature, K or Ct1 = average area weighted temperature of room side glass/core interface of calibration transfer standard, K or C,t 2 = average area weighted temperature of weather side glass/core interface of calibra
49、tion transfer standard, K or C,US = thermal transmittance of test specimen (air to air under test conditions), W/(m2K),UST = standardized thermal transmittance of test specimen, W/(m2K),UST AW = standardized thermal transmittance of test specimen determined using measured Area Weighted AW surfacetemperatures (air to air), W/(m2K), andUSTCTS = standardized thermal transmittance of test specimen determined using Calibration Transfer Standard CTS surfaceheat transfer coefficients (air-to-air
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