1、Designation:C119912C119914 Standard Test Method for Measuring the Steady-State Thermal Transmittance of Fenestration Systems Using Hot Box Methods 1 This standard is issued under the xed designation C1199; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, i
2、n the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. 1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers requirements and guidelines and species calibration proced
3、ures required for the measurement of the steady-state thermal transmittance of fenestration systems installed vertically in the test chamber. This test method species the necessary measurements to be made using measurement systems conforming to Test Method C1363 for determination of fenestration sys
4、tem thermal transmittance. NOTE 1This test method allows the testing of projecting fenestration products (that is, garden windows, skylights, and roof windows) installed vertically in a surround panel. Current research on skylights, roof windows, and projecting products hopefully will provide additi
5、onal information that can be added to the next version of this test method so that skylight and roof windows can be tested horizontally or at some angle typical of a sloping roof. 1.2 This test method refers to the thermal transmittance, U of a fenestration system installed vertically in the absence
6、 of solar radiation and air leakage effects. NOTE 2The methods described in this document may also be adapted for use in determining the thermal transmittance of sections of building wall, and roof and oor assemblies containing thermal anomalies, which are smaller than the hot box metering area. 1.3
7、 This test method describes how to determine the thermal transmittance, U S of a fenestration product (also called test specimen) at well-dened environmental conditions. The thermal transmittance is also a reported test result from Test Method C1363. If only the thermal transmittance is reported usi
8、ng this test method, the test report must also include a detailed description of the environmental conditions in the thermal chamber during the test as outlined in 10.1.14. 1.4 For rating purposes, this test method also describes how to calculate a standardized thermal transmittance, U ST , which ca
9、n be used to compare test results from laboratories with vastly different thermal chamber congurations, and facilitates the comparison to results from computer programs that use standard heat transfer coefficients to determine the thermal transmittance of fenestration products. Although this test me
10、thod species two methods of calculating the standardized thermal transmittance, only the standardized thermal transmittance result from one method is reported for each test. One standardized thermal transmittance calculation procedure is the Calibration Transfer Standard (CTS) Method and another is
11、theArea Weighting (AW) Method (see Section 9 for further descriptions of these two methods). The Area Weighting method requires that the surface temperatures on both sides of the test specimen be directly measured as specied in Practice E1423 in order to determine the surface heat transfer coefficie
12、nts on the fenestration product during the test. The CTS Method does not use the measured surface temperatures on the test specimen and instead utilizes the calculation of equivalent surface temperatures from calibration data to determine the test specimen surface heat transfer coefficients. The AW
13、shall be used whenever the thermal transmittance, U S , is greater than 3.4 W/(m 2 K) 0.6 Btu/(hrft 2 F), or when the ratio of test specimen projected surface area to wetted (that is, total heat transfer or developed) surface area on either side of the test specimen is less than 0.80. Otherwise the
14、CTS Method shall be used to standardize the thermal transmittance results. 1.5 A discussion of the terminology and underlying assumptions for measuring the thermal transmittance are included. 1.6 ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesareprovidedforinformatio
15、n purposes only. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to us
16、e. 1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.30 on Thermal Measurement. Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2012Feb. 1, 2014. Published January 2013February 2014. Originally approved in 1991. Last previ
17、ous edition approved in 20092012 as C119909C119912. e1 . DOI: 10.1520/C1199-12.10.1520/C1199-14. This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because it may not be technically po
18、ssible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document. Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700
19、, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States 12. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: 2 C168Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation C177Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus C518Test Method for
20、Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus C1045Practice for Calculating Thermal Transmission Properties Under Steady-State Conditions C1114Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Thin-Heater Apparatus C1363TestMethodfo
21、rThermalPerformanceofBuildingMaterialsandEnvelopeAssembliesbyMeansofaHotBoxApparatus E283Test Method for Determining Rate ofAir LeakageThrough ExteriorWindows, CurtainWalls, and Doors Under Specied Pressure Differences Across the Specimen E631Terminology of Building Constructions E783Test Method for
22、 Field Measurement of Air Leakage Through Installed Exterior Windows and Doors E1423Practice for Determining Steady State Thermal Transmittance of Fenestration Systems 2.2 ISO Standards: ISO 8990Thermal Insulation-Determination of Steady-State Thermal Transmission PropertiesCalibrated and Guarded Ho
23、t Box 3 ISO125671 ThermalInsulationThermalPerformanceofWindowsandDoorsDeterminationofThermalTransmittanceby Hot Box MethodPart 1 Complete Windows and Doors 3 ISO125672 Thermal InsulationDetermination of Thermal Transmittance by Hot Box MethodPart 2: Roof Windows and Other Projecting Windows 3 2.3 Ot
24、her Standards: NFRC 1002004 Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product Thermal U-factors 4 NFRC 1022004 Procedure for Measuring the Steady-State Thermal Transmittance of Fenestration Systems 4 NFRC 2002004 Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product Solar Heat Gain Coefficient and Visible Tra
25、nsmittance at Normal Incidence 4 BS874 Part 3, Section 3.1, 1987,British Standard Methods for Determining Thermal Insulation Properties, (Part 3, Tests for Thermal Transmittance and Conductance, Section 3.1) Guarded Hot Box Method 5 BS874 Part 3, Section 3.2, 1990,British Standard Methods for Determ
26、ining Thermal Insulation Properties, Part 3, Tests for Thermal Transmittance and Conductance, Section 3.2 Calibrated Hot Box Method 5 ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals2009 6 3. Terminology 3.1 DenitionsDenitions and terms are in accordance with denitions in Terminologies E631 and C168, from which the fol
27、lowing have been selected and modied to apply to fenestration systems. See Fig. 1 for temperature locations. 3.2 Denitions of Terms Specic to This Standard: 3.2.1 apparent thermal conductanceA thermal conductance assigned to a material that exhibits thermal transmission by several modes of heat tran
28、sfer resulting in property variation with specimen thickness, or surface emittance. 3.2.2 calibration transfer standard, nan insulation board with a known measured thermal conductance that is faced with glazing, and instrumented with temperature sensors either between the glazing and the insulation
29、board core or on the exterior surfaceoftheglazing,whichisusedtocalibratethesurfaceresistancesandthesurroundpanel(seeAnnexA1fordesignguidelines for Calibration Transfer Standards). 3.2.3 projectingproducts,nanon-planarproductwheretheglazingprojectsoutwardpastthecoldsidesurroundpanelsurface plane (tha
30、t is, skylights, garden windows). 3.2.4 standardized thermal transmittance, nU ST , the heat transmission in unit time through unit area of a test specimen and standardized boundary air lms, induced by unit temperature difference between the environments on each side. 3.2.5 surfaceheattransfercoeffc
31、ient,nh,(sometimescalledsurfaceconductanceorlmcoeffcient.)thetimerateofheatow fromaunitareaofasurfacetoitssurroundings,inducedbyaunittemperaturedifferencebetweenthesurfaceandtheenvironment. 2 ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatserviceastm.org.Fo
32、rAnnualBookofASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website. 3 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org. 4 Available from National Fenestration Rating Council, 63
33、05 Ivy Lane, Suite 140, Greenbelt, MD 20770. 5 Available from British Standards Institute (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Rd., London W4 4AL, U.K., http:/www.bsi-. 6 Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA
34、 30329, http:/www.ashrae.org. C119914 23.2.6 surround panel (sometimes called themask, mask wall,or homogeneous wall),na homogeneous panel with an opening where the Calibration Transfer Standard or the test specimen is installed. When there is no test specimen aperture, or the opening is lled with t
35、he same thickness of surround panel assembly, it is called a characterization panel. (see 5.1.1.1, andAnnexA11 of Test Method C1363 for a description of surround panels and characterization panels.) 3.2.7 test specimen, nthe fenestration system or product being tested. 3.2.8 thermal transmittance, n
36、U S (sometimes called the overall coefficient of heat transfer) the heat transfer in unit time through unit area of a test specimen and its boundary air lms, induced by unit temperature difference between the environments on each side. 3.3 SymbolsThe symbols, terms, and units used in this test metho
37、d are as follows: A h = total heat transfer (or developed) surface area of test specimen on room side, m 2 , A c = total heat transfer (or developed) surface area of test specimen on weather side, m 2 , A b1 = area of room side baffle and all other surfaces in view of the test specimen, m 2 , A b2 =
38、 area of weather side baffle and all other surfaces in view of the test specimen, m 2 , A S = projected area of test specimen (same as test specimen aperture in surround panel), m 2 , A sp = projected area of surround panel (does not include test specimen aperture in surround panel), m 2 , a = absor
39、ptance of surface, C g = apparent thermal conductance of glass or acceptable transparent plastic facing on calibration transfer standard, W/(m 2 K), C sp = apparentthermalconductanceofsurroundpanel(surfacetosurface),W/(m 2 K),determinedbymeansofPractice C1045 used with either Test Method C177, Test
40、Method C518 or Test Method C1114, C tscore = apparent thermal conductance of calibration transfer standard core, W/(m 2 K), determined by means of and Practice C1045 used with either Test Method C177, Test Method C518 or Test Method C1114 C tsassembly = apparent thermal conductance of calibration tr
41、ansfer standard assembly, W/(m 2 K), determined by means of Practice C1045 used with either Test Method C177 and Test Method C518 or Test Method C1114. e = total hemispherical emittance of surface, h STh = standardized surface heat transfer coefficient, room side, (W/m 2 K), h STc = standardized sur
42、face heat transfer coefficient, weather side, (W/m 2 K), h h = surface heat transfer coefficient, room side, W/(m 2 K), FIG. 1Schematic Representation of Various Temperatures for Fenestration Systems C119914 3h c = surface heat transfer coefficient, weather side, W/(m 2 K), K c = convection coeffici
43、ent, W/(m 2 K 1.25 ), L = length of heat ow path, m, Q = time rate of heat ow through the total surround panel/test specimen system, W, Q c = time rate of convective heat ow from test specimen surface, W, Q = time rate of anking loss heat ow around surround panel, W, Q r = time rate of net radiative
44、 heat ow from test specimen surface to the surroundings, W, Q S = time rate of heat ow through the test specimen, W, Q sp = rimerateofheatowthroughthesurroundpanelasdeterminedfrommeasuredconductanceC ts andareaweighted surround panel surface temperatures, W, q = heat ux (time rate of heat ow through
45、 unit area), W/m 2 , q S = heat ux through the test specimen, W/m 2 , q r1 = net radiative heat ux to the room side of the test specimen, W/m 2 , q r2 = net radiative heat ux from the weather side of the test specimen, W/m 2 , q c1 = convective heat ux to the room side of the test specimen, W/m 2 ,
46、q c2 = convective heat ux from the weather side of the test specimen, W/m 2 , r = reectance of surface, r h = surface resistance, room side, m 2 K/W, r c = surface resistance, weather side, m 2 K/W, R S = overall thermal resistance of test specimen (air to air under test conditions), m 2 K/W, t b1 =
47、 equivalent radiative baffle surface temperature, room side, K or C, t b2 = equivalent radiative baffle surface temperature, weather side, K or C, t h = average temperature of room side air, C, t c = average temperature of weather side air, C, t 1 = average area weighted temperature of test specimen
48、 room side surface, K or C, t 2 = average area weighted temperature of test specimen weather side surface, K or C, t sp1 = area-weighted room side surround panel surface temperature, K or C t sp2 = area-weighted weather side surround panel surface temperature, K or C t 1 = average area weighted temp
49、erature of room side glass/core interface of calibration transfer standard, K or C, t 2 = average area weighted temperature of weather side glass/core interface of calibration transfer standard, K or C, U S = thermal transmittance of test specimen (air to air under test conditions), W/(m 2 K), U ST = standardized thermal transmittance of test specimen, W/(m 2 K), U ST AW = standardized thermal transmittance of test specimen determined using measured Area Weighted AW su
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