ASTM C1203-2004 Standard Test Method for Quantitative Determination of Alkali Resistance of a Ceramic-Glass Enamel《陶瓷玻璃釉层耐碱性定量测定标准试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation: C 1203 04Standard Test Method forQuantitative Determination of Alkali Resistance of aCeramic-Glass Enamel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1203; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the

2、year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resis-tance of a fired ceramic-glass enamel to a 10 % alkali

3、 solutionheld near its boiling point for 2 h.1.2 This test method is not applicable to large temperedglass sheets or specimens larger than 9 by 9 cm.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this s

4、tandard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardstatements, see Section 9.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 162 Terminology of Glass and Glass ProductsC 927 Test Method for Lead and C

5、admium Extracted fromthe Lip and Rim Area of Glass Tumblers ExternallyDecorated with Ceramic Glass EnamelsE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor additional definitions of terms refer toTerminology C 162.3.1.1

6、ceramic glass enamels (also glass enamels or ceramicenamels)predominantly colored, silicate-glass fluxes used todecorate glassware. C 9273.1.2 maturityof a fired ceramic glass enamel, a ceramicglass enamel has been fired to maturity when porosity of theceramic glass enamel has been substantially eli

7、minated, andthe expected surface gloss of the fired ceramic glass enamel hasbeen achieved.3.1.2.1 DiscussionRefer to GTA Engineering StandardsManual, Section 4, D.3.3.1 and D.3.4.1, for testing criteria formaturity.34. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method measures the weight loss of a glassspe

8、cimen decorated with a fired ceramic-glass enamel, whencompletely immersed in a 10 % alkali solution near its boilingpoint. A stainless steel beaker containing test samples and a10 % alkali solution is heated at 95C in a temperaturecontrolled water bath for 2 h. Chemical dissolution of theceramic-gl

9、ass-enamel coating as well as any loss of weight dueto the dissolution of the substrate is measured by determiningweight loss of the specimen after exposure to the hot alkalisolution. A substrate without ceramic-glass enamel is tested todetermine the expected weight loss due to dissolution of thenon

10、decorated side of the substrate.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is intended to be used when a quanti-tative measurement of the alkali durability of a ceramic-glassenamel is needed. The test is applicable to glass coated withfired enamels where exposure to strong alkalis, or alkalis atele

11、vated temperatures might be encountered in service.5.2 This test method is intended to be an accelerated,destructive test. Results can be used as an indicator of therelative durability of a particular enamel.6. Interferences6.1 The extent to which an enamel has been fired tomaturity, as well as the

12、residual stresses remaining afterannealing of test specimen, can influence results.6.2 Tests performed on tempered or heat-strengthened pro-duction ware should be done by annealing the chosen sheetbefore cutting the specimen.7. Apparatus7.1 Balance or Scale, accurate to 0.1 g, to weigh reagents.7.2

13、Balance, accurate to 0.1 mg, to weigh specimens.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C14 on Glassand Glass Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C14.10 onGlass Decoration.Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published May 2004. Originallyapproved in 19

14、91. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as C 1203 91 (2002).2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.02.For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standard

15、s Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3GTA Engineering Standards Manual, Glass Tempering Association, Topeka,KS, 1992.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7.3 Waterbath, temperature controlled, capable of holding95 6

16、3C.7.4 Glass Marking Scribe.7.5 Beaker, stainless steel, 1200-mL, with no pouring lip, asshown in Fig. 1.7.6 Cover, stainless steel, for beaker.7.7 Sample Holder, as shown in Fig. 1.7.8 Tongs, heavy duty.7.9 Rubber Gloves, chemically resistant.7.10 Apron or Lab Coat, chemically resistant.7.11 Face S

17、hield.7.12 Fume Hood, for ventilation.7.13 Cloth, soft cotton.7.14 Caliper, micrometer, accurate to 0.1 mm.7.15 Oven, drying, capable of heating samples at 65 6 5C.8. Reagents and Materials8.1 Alkali SolutionDissolve 70 g of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) in 630 mL of distilled water.9. Hazards9.1 Refer to

18、the manufacturers Material Safety Data Sheetsfor information regarding these materials.9.2 A proper fume hood should be used when handling hotcaustic solutions. Chemically resistant gloves, eye protection,and clothing should be worn, and tongs should be used. Ifaccidental contact with caustic is enc

19、ountered, or if ingestionoccurs, seek medical attention immediately.10. Test Specimen10.1 The specimen to be tested should be glass decoratedwith ceramic glass enamel, and annealed to relieve stresses thatcould cause chipping or cracking during the test. Test anondecorated specimen representative of

20、 the decorated sub-strate along with the decorated specimens as a control.10.2 Cut a specimen with a diamond saw or glass cutter toa size that will easily fit into a 1200-mL, stainless steel beaker.Microscope slides which are 5 by 7.5 cm can be used. Similarlysized glass or sections of fired ware ca

21、n also be used. The testspecimen should be small enough for accurate weighing to thenearest 0.1 mg.10.3 Bevel any sharp edges to avoid weight loss by chip-ping.10.4 Mark the sample with a glass marking scribe foridentification.11. Procedure11.1 Measure and record the length, width, and depth ofeach

22、specimen to the nearest 0.1 mm. Record the initial weightof each specimen to the nearest 0.1 mg.11.2 Place the specimens prepared as described in 10.1-10.4, in a sample holder such as shown in Fig. 1 so that thespecimens are upright and separated from each other.11.3 Prepare the alkali solution, as

23、described in 8.1,ina1200-mL stainless steel beaker with no pouring lip. Thisvolume of solution is adequate for testing a maximum of 250cm2of total specimen-decorated-surface area. A stainless steelcover should be used to cover the beaker.11.4 Allow the alkali solution to reach normal room tem-peratu

24、re or 25 6 5C. Using heavy-duty tongs, place thespecimens and holder in this alkali solution. The test specimensmust be completely immersed in the solution.11.5 After placing the specimens into the solution, cover thebeaker and place it in a temperature controlled water bath for2hat956 3C. Hold the

25、water bath at this temperature byusing a solution of one part commercially available antifreezeto two parts water.11.6 Monitor the temperature of the water bath during thetest to assure that it does not exceed 98C or drop below 92C.Do not allow the alkali solution to boil.11.7 After the test beaker

26、has been heated for 2 h, remove itfrom the water bath.11.8 Add tap water to the solution for 2 to 5 min to cool thespecimens and flush the beaker.11.9 Remove the specimens from the test beaker and washthem using tap water while vigorously scrubbing with a wet,soft, cotton cloth.11.10 Rinse the speci

27、mens thoroughly with tap water, mak-ing sure that any lint is removed. Rinse next with distilledwater and then dry in a drying oven at 65 6 5C for at least 15min, or until dry.11.11 Remove the specimens from the drying oven, andallow to cool to room temperature. Weigh the specimens to thenearest 0.1

28、 mg.12. Calculation12.1 Calculate the total surface area, accounting for all sixsurfaces, and the decorated surface area of each specimen insquare centimetres, rounded to two decimal places.12.2 Calculate the weight loss for each decorated specimen,Ws, to the nearest 0.1 mg as follows:FIG. 1 Stainle

29、ss Steel Beaker and Sample HolderC1203042Ws5 Wi2 Wf(1)where:Wi= initial weight, mg, andWf= final weight, mg.12.3 Calculate the areal weight loss, Lo, in grams per squarecentimetre for the nondecorated specimen as follows:Lo5WnAo(2)where:Wn= weight loss of the nondecorated control sample, mgandAo= to

30、tal surface area of the nondecorated control sample,cm2.12.4 Calculate the areal weight loss, L, in grams per squarecentimetre of the decorated area of each specimen, rounded tofour decimal places as follows:L 5Ws2 LoAt2 Ad!#Ad(3)where:At= total surface area of the decorated specimen, cm2, andAd= de

31、corated surface area, cm2.13. Report13.1 Report the following information:13.1.1 The weight loss of the decorated area of the speci-men, L, in grams per square centimetre (see 11.4).14. Precision and Bias414.1 This study was preformed with 6 laboratories usingfour materials with two test results per

32、 material. ASTMsoftware, in accordance with Practice E 691, was used tocompute the repeatability and reproducibility.14.2 Precision Statement for Quantitative Determination ofAlkali Resistance of a Ceramic-Glass EnamelPrecision,characterized by repeatability (r), repeatability standard devia-tion (S

33、r) reproducibility (R) and reproducibility standard De-viation (SR), was determined for the materials listed in Table 1.Srprovides within-lab repeatability and SRprovides betweenlab reproducibility. r and R represent the repeatability andreproducibility 95% limits, r =2.8 Srand R=2.8 SR.15. Keywords

34、15.1 alkali; architectural; ceramic-glass enamel; glassenamelASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such p

35、atent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited e

36、ither for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fai

37、r hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this sta

38、ndard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).4Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:C141003 .TABLE 1 Precision Calculations for C 1203Material Average weightloss per area(mg/cm2)SrSRrRa 1.55083 0.20847 0.32864 0.58371 0.92019b 0.76500 0.03215 0.18327 0.09001 0.51315c 2.31583 0.44491 0.57772 1.24574 1.61760d 1.22500 0.15111 0.21130 0.42310 0.59163C1203043