ASTM C121-2006 Standard Test Method for Water Absorption of Slate《石板吸水性的标准试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation: C 121 06Standard Test Method forWater Absorption of Slate1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 121; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses in

2、dicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIONIt is often desirable to gain some idea of the porosity of a material in ques

3、tion.Actual determinationsof the pore space require the use of rather elaborate and refined equipment as well as considerableprecision in carrying out the tests. For comparative purposes the absorption test affords a simple andsufficiently accurate means of obtaining the desired information. As appl

4、ied to slate this test requiressomewhat more care and precision than many other materials because of its dense nature and,consequently, the small quantities to be dealt with. Furthermore, the cleavage of slatethat propertywhich permits it to be split into thin sheets of uniform thicknessmust be take

5、n into considerationwhen this test is made. On this account misleading results are often obtained on cubical specimens dueto accidental cleavage cracks in the specimens. The shapes of specimens and larger number ofspecimens recommended in the following procedure are intended to eliminate to a large

6、extent theinconsistent results which may be obtained on this material.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the waterabsorption of slate.1.2 This standard does not purport to address the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this s

7、tandard to consult and establish appropriatesafety and health practices and determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C119 Terminology Relating to Dimension Stone3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsAll definitions are in accordance with Ter-

8、minology C119.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences inwater absorption of slates. This test method also provides oneelement in the comparison of slates.5. Test Specimens5.1 The test specimens shall consist of square or rectangularslabs from316 to516 in.

9、(4.8 to 7.9 mm) in thickness and notless than 4 in. (101.6 mm) on any side.5.2 Not less than six specimens shall be prepared from eachsample of slate, the sample being considered as any number ofpieces selected to represent a definite part or grade of thedeposit.6. Sampling6.1 Select the sample to r

10、epresent a true average of the typeor grade of stone under consideration and of the qualitysupplied to the market under the type designation to be tested.The sample may be selected by the purchaser or his authorizedrepresentative from the quarried stone or taken from the naturalledge and shall be of

11、 adequate size to permit the preparation ofthe desired number of test specimens. When perceptiblevariations occur, the purchaser may select as many samples asare necessary for determining the variations in water absorp-tion of slate.7. Preparation of Specimens7.1 Split the slate to the required thic

12、kness and saw to size.When the specimens are prepared from shingles no saw cutshall be nearer than 1 in. (25.4 mm) to the sheared edge of theshingle.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C18 onDimension Stone and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.01 on TestMeth

13、ods.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2006. Published February 2006. Originallyapproved in 1925 as C 121 25 T. Last previous edition approved in 1999 asC 121 90(1999).1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7.2 Free the specim

14、ens from loose particles by scrubbingwith a fiber brush and clean water.8. Procedure, Preferred Method8.1 Dry the specimens for 48 h in a ventilated oven at atemperature of 60 6 2C (140 6 4F). At the 46th, 47th, and48th hour, weigh the specimens to ensure that the weight is thesame. If the weight co

15、ntinues to drop, continue to dry thespecimens until there are three successive hourly readings withthe same weight.8.2 After drying, cool the specimens in the room for 15 minand then weigh. When the specimens cannot be weighedimmediately after cooling, place them in a desiccator. Deter-mine the weig

16、ht to the nearest 0.01 g.8.3 Entirely immerse the specimens in filtered or distilledwater at approximately 68 6 9F (20 6 5C) for 48 h, removeone at a time, wipe the surface dry with a slightly damp,absorbent towel (Note 1) and immediately weigh each speci-men to the nearest 0.01 g.NOTE 1The operator

17、 should distinguish between a damp towel and awet one. In starting the operation, the towel should be sprinkled lightly.When the surface of the specimen is properly wiped off, it should appeardry.9. Procedure, Alternative Method9.1 Occasionally it is desirable to obtain results in a shorterperiod th

18、an that required by the procedure described in Section8. In such cases, the 48-h immersion period may be supplantedby an 8-h boiling period (Note 2). In this alternative method theoperations shall be the same as described in Section 8 up to thatof immersion. Instead of allowing the specimens to soak

19、 for 48h place them in an enameled pan or other suitable vessel, coverwith water, and boil for 8 h. Before the final weighing, cool thespecimens by allowing tap water to flow over them for at least30 min.NOTE 2Boiling for 8 h has been found to give practically the samesaturation as immersion for 48

20、h.10. Calculation and Report10.1 Calculate the percentage of absorption as follows:Absorption, % 5 W22 W1!/W1# 3 100 (1)where:W1= weight of the dried specimen, andW2= weight of the specimen after immersion.10.2 Report the average of all the tests as the absorption ofslate. All the determinations sha

21、ll be reported as information.10.3 The following additional information shall also bereported: identification of the sample, including name andlocation of the quarry, name and position of the ledge, datewhen sample was taken, and trade name or grade of the slate.11. Precision and Bias11.1 Individual

22、 variations in a natural product may result indeviation from accepted values. A precision section will beadded when sufficient data are available to indicate acceptabletolerances in repeatability and reproducibility.12. Keywords12.1 dimension stone; slate; testing; water absorptionASTM International

23、 takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their ow

24、n responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be ad

25、dressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, a

26、t the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C121062