ASTM C1214M-2002 Standard Test Method for Concrete Pipe Sewerlines by Negative Air Pressure (Vacuum) Test Method (Metric)《负压(真空)试验法测定混凝土管下水道的标准试验方法(米制)》.pdf

1、Designation: C 1214M 02METRICStandard Test Method forConcrete Pipe Sewerlines by Negative Air Pressure(Vacuum) Test Method Metric1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1214M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of re

2、vision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers procedures for testing concretepipe sewerlines, when using the negative a

3、ir pressure (vacuum)test method to demonstrate the integrity of the installedmaterial and the construction procedures. This test methodcovers testing of 100 to 900-mm diameter circular concretepipe sewerlines utilizing gasketed joints.NOTE 1The user of this specification is advised that methods de-s

4、cribed in this test method may also be used as a preliminary test to enablethe manufacturer or installer to demonstrate the condition of sewer pipeprior to delivery or backfill. Minimum test times presented in Table 1 arefor pipelines. Holding times for testing an individual pipe may have to beincre

5、ased to allow for the accumulation of leakage when the tested pipeare incorporated into a continuous pipeline.1.2 This test method is the metric companion to TestMethod C 1214.NOTE 2The user of this test method is advised that the negative airpressure (vacuum) test criteria presented in this test me

6、thod are similar tothose in general use. The test and criteria have been used widely andsuccessfully in testing smaller diameter pipe. Larger pipe will be acceptedmore conveniently by visual inspection and individual joint testing.NOTE 3The user of this test method is advised that no correlation has

7、been found between loss of vacuum and water leakage.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of

8、 regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 6 forspecific safety precautions.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C 822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and RelatedProducts2C 924 Practice for Testing Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines byLow-Pressure Air Test Method2C 969 Practice for Infiltra

9、tion and Exfiltration AcceptanceTesting of Installed Precast Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines23. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to con-crete pipe, see Terminology C 822.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The sewerline to be tested is plugged. Air is removedfrom the plugged line by a

10、vacuum pump or vacuum reservoir.The amount of vacuum loss is used to determine the accept-ability of the sewerline.5. Significance and Use5.1 This is not a routine test. The values recorded areapplicable only to the sewer being tested and at the time oftesting.6. Safety Precautions6.1 WarningThe use

11、r of this test method is advised thatthis test will be dangerous if a line is not prepared properly andproper procedures are not followed.6.2 Access manholes or structures must be ventilated and airquality continuously monitored.6.3 No one shall be allowed in or near the manholes duringtesting.7. Pr

12、eparation of the Sewerline7.1 Where practical, clean the line prior to testing, wet thepipe surface, and eliminate debris.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 onConcrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.09 on Methodsof Test.Current edition approv

13、ed August 10, 2002. Published October 2002. Originallypublished as C 1214M92. Last previous edition C 1214M94 (2000).2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.05.TABLE 1 Minimum Test TimeNominalPipeSize, mmT (Time),min/100 mNominalPipeSize, mmT (Time),min/100 m100 0.9 525 9.7150 2.0 600 11.0200 3.5 675

14、 13.0250 4.7 750 15.0300 6.0 825 17.0375 6.8 900 19.0450 7.71Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.NOTE 4The user of this test method is advised that a wetted exteriorpipe surface is desirable and will produce more consisten

15、t test results. Airmay pass through the walls of dry pipe. This can be overcome by wettingthe pipe. Usually, moisture absorbed from the backfill is sufficient to copewith this situation. If the problem persists, segmental testing of the linewill establish if there is a significant leak.7.2 Plug all

16、pipe outlets including laterals. Review safetyprecautions in Section 6.8. Procedure8.1 Determine the test time for the sewerline to be tested byusing Table 1. Table 1 has been established using the criteriaspecified in Table 2 and the formulas contained in the Appen-dixes. The test time is the time

17、required for the vacuum to dropfrom 23.6 to 16.9 kPa.NOTE 5To provide satisfactory test results, the vacuum pump shall becapable of evacuating the sewer test section in the required test time, orless, as determined by 8.1. The pump capacity required to accomplish theevacuation of the line is equal t

18、o the rate necessary to reduce the sewer tothe desired pressure plus the allowable vacuum loss rate:C 5 0.17D2L/T 1 Qwhere:C = vacuum pump capacity, m3/s,T = required test time, or less,D = pipe internal diameter, m,L = length of test section, m, andQ = allowable vacuum loss rate, m3/s.8.2 Evacuate

19、air until the internal air pressure of thesewerline is lowered by approximately 27.0 kPa of mercury.Close the valve on the vacuum line and shut off the vacuumpump. Allow the air pressure to stabilize.8.3 When the pressure has stabilized and is at or below thestarting test vacuum of 23.6 kPa of mercu

20、ry, commence the testby allowing the gage pressure to drop to 23.6 kPa of mercury,at which point the time recording is initiated. Record the dropin vacuum for the test period.8.4 If the drop in vacuum is 6.8 kPa of mercury or lessduring the test period, accept the line. If the drop in vacuum ismore

21、than 6.8 kPa of mercury during the test period, inspect,evaluate, and retest the line to determine the cause of excessivevacuum loss.8.5 Use or failure of this vacuum test shall not precludeacceptance by appropriate low-pressure air (see PracticeC 924), water infiltration or exfiltration testing (se

22、e PracticeC 969), or other means.9. Vacuum Test Criteria9.1 An appropriate allowable vacuum loss, Q, in cubicmetres per second has been established for each nominal pipesize. Based on field experience, the vacuum loss Qs that havebeen selected will enable detection of any significant leak.Table 2 li

23、sts the Q established for each pipe size.9.2 When a main line with connected lateral is to be testedas a unit, the total volume of the main and laterals shall beconsidered and the allowable air loss rate shall be that listed forthe main.10. Precision and Bias10.1 No justifiable statement is presentl

24、y capable of beingmade either on precision or bias of this procedure since the testresult merely states whether there is conformance to the criteriafor success specified. Due to the sealing effects of ground waterand internal flow on sewerline, the test conditions and resultsare not reproducible.APP

25、ENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. EQUATIONS USED IN PRACTICE C 1214MX1.1 The required test time per 100 m for a single diameterpipe using Table 2:TT5 5.3 3 1028! D2L/Q! (X1.1)X1.2 The required test time for a single diameter pipe usingTable 1:TT5 L! T/100! (X1.2)X1.3 For testing a sewer system in

26、volving different diam-eter pipe, the allowable vacuum loss rate shall be that for themain sewer. The volume of each size of lateral pipe isconverted to an equivalent length of required test time asfollows:Le5 (d21/D2! (X1.3)TT5 L 1 Le! T/100! (X1.4)X1.4 The symbols used in the equations in this tes

27、t methodare defined as follows:where:T = minimum test time per 100 m of pipe vacuum to dropfrom 23.6 to 16.8 kPa of mercury, min,TT= minimum test time for total system, min,TABLE 2 Allowable Air LossNominalPipeSize, mmQ,m3/minNominalPipeSize, mmQ,m3/min100 0.6 525 0.15150 0.6 600 0.17200 0.6 675 0.1

28、8250 0.7 750 0.20300 0.8 825 0.21375 0.11 900 0.23450 0.14C 1214M 022D = designated inside diameter of test section or mainsewer, mm,d = designated inside diameter of lateral, mm,L = length of test section or main sewer, m,Le= total volume of all laterals connected to the mainsewer expressed as an e

29、quivalent length of the mainsewer, m,l = total length of each diameter lateral, m, andQ = allowable air loss rate, m3/min.X2. APPLICATION OF PRACTICE C 1214MX2.1 The following examples have been prepared todemonstrate the techniques of applying this test method.X2.2 Example 1A sewer system consists

30、of 180 m of450-mm diameter concrete pipe between manholes A and B; 10m of 300-mm diameter pipe between manholes B and C.X2.2.1 FindThe appropriate test times to demonstrate theintegrity of the installed lines.X2.2.2 Solution:X2.2.2.1 For the main sewer between manholes A and B,use Eq X1.2 and from T

31、able 1, T = 7.7 min/100 m for 450-mmpipe.TT5 L! T/100!TT5 180! 7.7/100!TT5 14 minX2.2.2.2 Similarly, for the main sewer between manholes Band C:TT5 10! 6/100!TT5 0.6 minX2.3 Example 2The 180 m of 450-mm diameter concretepipe between manholes A and B in Example 1 has connected150-mm laterals with a t

32、otal length of 275 m.X2.3.1 FindThe appropriate test time to demonstrate theintegrity of the installed lines.X2.3.2 Solution:X2.3.2.1 Use Eq X1.3 to convert the total volume of150-mm laterals to an equivalent length of main sewer:Le5 ( d21/D2!Le5 15023 275!/4502!Le5 30.6 mX2.3.2.2 For the connected

33、system, use Eq X1.4 and fromTable 1, T = 7.7 min/100 m for 450-mm pipe:TT5 L 1 Le! T/100!TT5 180 1 30.6! 7.7/100!TT5 16 minX2.4 If a line fails the vacuum test, the following course ofaction shall be considered:X2.4.1 Segmentally test the line and compare the time-vacuum loss values in each segment.

34、X2.4.2 If the values in each segment are comparable, thevacuum loss problem shall be distributed throughout the line,and further analysis shall be made.X2.4.3 If the values in each segment are significantlydifferent, each segment shall be evaluated and further analysisbe made to determine the locati

35、on of any significant vacuumloss.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof

36、 infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this s

37、tandard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake you

38、r views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C 1214M 023