1、Designation: C1214M 13Standard Test Method forConcrete Pipe Sewerlines by Negative Air Pressure(Vacuum) Test Method (Metric)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1214M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision
2、, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers procedures for testing concretepipe sewerlines, when using the negative air pres
3、sure (vacuum)test method to demonstrate the integrity of the installedmaterial and the construction procedures. This test methodcovers testing of 100 to 900-mm diameter circular concretepipe sewerlines utilizing gasketed joints.NOTE 1The user of this specification is advised that methodsdescribed in
4、 this test method may also be used as a preliminary test toenable the manufacturer or installer to demonstrate the condition of sewerpipe prior to delivery or backfill. Minimum test times presented in Table1 are for pipelines. Holding times for testing an individual pipe may haveto be increased to a
5、llow for the accumulation of leakage when the testedpipe are incorporated into a continuous pipeline.NOTE 2The user of this test method is advised that the negative airpressure (vacuum) test criteria presented in this test method are similar tothose in general use. The test and criteria have been us
6、ed widely andsuccessfully in testing smaller diameter pipe. Larger pipe will be acceptedmore conveniently by visual inspection and individual joint testing.NOTE 3Test times tabulated and the rate of air loss in this standard arebased on successful testing of installed pipelines. However, since air a
7、ndwater have different physical properties, retests of some pipelines notmeeting field air tests have been successful when tested with water.1.2 This test method is the SI companion to Test MethodC1214.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with i
8、ts use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 6 forspecific safety precautions.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C822 Terminology Relatin
9、g to Concrete Pipe and RelatedProductsC924 Practice for Testing Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines byLow-Pressure Air Test MethodC969 Practice for Infiltration and Exfiltration AcceptanceTesting of Installed Precast Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to co
10、ncretepipe, see Terminology C822.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The sewerline to be tested is plugged. Air is removedfrom the plugged line by a vacuum pump or vacuum reservoir.The amount of vacuum loss is used to determine the accept-ability of the sewerline.5. Significance and Use5.1 This is not a ro
11、utine test. The values recorded areapplicable only to the sewer being tested and at the time oftesting.6. Safety Precautions6.1 WarningThe user of this test method is advised thatthis test will be dangerous if a line is not prepared properly andproper procedures are not followed.6.2 Access manholes
12、or structures must be ventilated and airquality continuously monitored.6.3 No one shall be allowed in or near the manholes duringtesting.7. Preparation of the Sewerline7.1 Where practical, clean the line prior to testing, wet thepipe surface, and eliminate debris.NOTE 4The user of this test method i
13、s advised that a wetted exteriorpipe surface is desirable and will produce more consistent test results. Airmay pass through the walls of dry pipe. This can be overcome by wettingthe pipe. Usually, moisture absorbed from the backfill is sufficient to copewith this situation. If the problem persists,
14、 segmental testing of the linewill establish if there is a significant leak.7.2 Plug all pipe outlets including laterals. Review safetyprecautions in Section 6.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 onConcrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.09 on
15、 Methodsof Test.Current edition approved July 1, 2013. Published December 2013. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C1214M 02(2009).DOI: 10.1520/C1214M-13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at servic
16、eastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States18. Procedure8.1 Determine the test time for the sewerline
17、to be tested byusing Table 1. Table 1 has been established using the criteriaspecified in Table 2 and the formulas contained in the Appen-dixes. The test time is the time required for the vacuum to dropfrom 23.6 to 16.9 kPa.NOTE 5To provide satisfactory test results, the vacuum pump shall becapable
18、of evacuating the sewer test section in the required test time, orless, as determined by 8.1. The pump capacity required to accomplish theevacuation of the line is equal to the rate necessary to reduce the sewer tothe desired pressure plus the allowable vacuum loss rate:C 5 0.17D2L/T1Qwhere:C = vacu
19、um pump capacity, m3/s,T = required test time, or less,D = pipe internal diameter, m,L = length of test section, m, andQ = allowable vacuum loss rate, m3/s.8.2 Evacuate air until the internal air pressure of thesewerline is lowered by approximately 27.0 kPa of mercury.Close the valve on the vacuum l
20、ine and shut off the vacuumpump. Allow the air pressure to stabilize. (WarningMercuryhas been designated by EPA and many state agencies as ahazardous material that can cause central nervous system,kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may behazardous to health and corrosive to materials. C
21、aution shouldbe taken when handling mercury and mercury containingproducts. See the applicable product Material Safety DataSheet (MSDS) for details and EPAs websitehttp:/www.epa.gov/mercury/ faq.htmfor additional information.Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercurycontaining product
22、s into your state may be prohibited by statelaw)8.3 When the pressure has stabilized and is at or below thestarting test vacuum of 23.6 kPa of mercury, commence the testby allowing the gage pressure to drop to 23.6 kPa of mercury,at which point the time recording is initiated. Record the dropin vacu
23、um for the test period.8.4 If the drop in vacuum is 6.8 kPa of mercury or lessduring the test period, accept the line. If the drop in vacuum ismore than 6.8 kPa of mercury during the test period, inspect,evaluate, and retest the line to determine the cause of excessivevacuum loss.8.5 Use or failure
24、of this vacuum test shall not precludeacceptance by appropriate low-pressure air (see PracticeC924), water infiltration or exfiltration testing (see PracticeC969), or other means.9. Vacuum Test Criteria9.1 An appropriate allowable vacuum loss, Q, in cubicmetres per second has been established for ea
25、ch nominal pipesize. Based on field experience, the vacuum loss Qs that havebeen selected will enable detection of any significant leak.Table 2 lists the Q established for each pipe size.9.2 When a main line with connected lateral is to be testedas a unit, the total volume of the main and laterals s
26、hall beconsidered and the allowable air loss rate shall be that listed forthe main.10. Precision and Bias10.1 No justifiable statement is presently capable of beingmade either on precision or bias of this procedure since the testresult merely states whether there is conformance to the criteriafor su
27、ccess specified. Due to the sealing effects of ground waterand internal flow on sewerline, the test conditions and resultsare not reproducible.TABLE 1 Minimum Test TimeNominalPipeSize, mmT (Time),min/100 mNominalPipeSize, mmT (Time),min/100 m100 0.9 525 9.7150 2.0 600 11.0200 3.5 675 13.0250 4.7 750
28、 15.0300 6.0 825 17.0375 6.8 900 19.0450 7.7TABLE 2 Allowable Air LossNominalPipeSize, mmQ,m3/minNominalPipeSize, mmQ,m3/min100 0.6 525 0.15150 0.6 600 0.17200 0.6 675 0.18250 0.7 750 0.20300 0.8 825 0.21375 0.11 900 0.23450 0.14C1214M 132APPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. EQUATIONS USED IN PRA
29、CTICE C1214MX1.1 The required test time per 100 m for a single diameterpipe using Table 2:TT5 5.3 31028!D2L/Q! (X1.1)X1.2 The required test time for a single diameter pipe usingTable 1:TT5 L!T/100! (X1.2)X1.3 For testing a sewer system involving different diam-eter pipe, the allowable vacuum loss ra
30、te shall be that for themain sewer. The volume of each size of lateral pipe isconverted to an equivalent length of required test time asfollows:Le5(d21/D2! (X1.3)TT5L1Le!T/100! (X1.4)X1.4 The symbols used in the equations in this test methodare defined as follows:where:T = minimum test time per 100
31、m of pipe vacuum to dropfrom 23.6 to 16.8 kPa of mercury, min,TT= minimum test time for total system, min,D = designated inside diameter of test section or mainsewer, mm,d = designated inside diameter of lateral, mm,L = length of test section or main sewer, m,Le= total volume of all laterals connect
32、ed to the main sewerexpressed as an equivalent length of the main sewer, m,l = total length of each diameter lateral, m, andQ = allowable air loss rate, m3/min.X2. APPLICATION OF PRACTICE C1214MX2.1 The following examples have been prepared to dem-onstrate the techniques of applying this test method
33、.X2.2 Example 1A sewer system consists of 180 m of450-mm diameter concrete pipe between manholesAand B; 10m of 300-mm diameter pipe between manholes B and C.X2.2.1 FindThe appropriate test times to demonstrate theintegrity of the installed lines.X2.2.2 Solution:X2.2.2.1 For the main sewer between ma
34、nholes A and B,use Eq X1.2 and from Table 1, T = 7.7 min/100 m for 450-mmpipe.TT5 L!T/100!TT5 180!7.7/100!TT5 14minX2.2.2.2 Similarly, for the main sewer between manholes Band C:TT5 10!6/100!TT5 0.6minX2.3 Example 2The 180 m of 450-mm diameter concretepipe between manholes A and B in Example 1 has c
35、onnected150-mm laterals with a total length of 275 m.X2.3.1 FindThe appropriate test time to demonstrate theintegrity of the installed lines.X2.3.2 Solution:X2.3.2.1 Use Eq X1.3 to convert the total volume of150-mm laterals to an equivalent length of main sewer:Le5(d21/D2!Le5 15023275!/4502!Le5 30.6
36、 mX2.3.2.2 For the connected system, use Eq X1.4 and fromTable 1, T = 7.7 min/100 m for 450-mm pipe:TT5 L1Le!T/100!TT5 180130.6!7.7/100!TT5 16minX2.4 If a line fails the vacuum test, the following course ofaction shall be considered:X2.4.1 Segmentally test the line and compare the time-vacuum loss v
37、alues in each segment.X2.4.2 If the values in each segment are comparable, thevacuum loss problem shall be distributed throughout the line,and further analysis shall be made.X2.4.3 If the values in each segment are significantlydifferent, each segment shall be evaluated and further analysisbe made t
38、o determine the location of any significant vacuumloss.C1214M 133ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any su
39、ch patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invit
40、ed either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a
41、 fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this
42、 standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).C1214M 134
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